单选题He spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt at ease with him at once.

单选题While serving in the Senate in the early l970's, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems. A. list B. forbid C. handle D. investigate

单选题The clothes a person wears may express his standing or social position.

单选题About End-of-life Care Dying patients are happier, less depressed, have less pain and survive longer when their end-of-life care wishes are known and followed, researchers report. This type of patient-centered care can also help to keep costs down 1 patients who don"t want aggressive treatments and those with advanced cancer"s and other diseases that can"t be effectively treated, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) research team said. "We can improve care while 2 costs by making sure that everything we do is centered on what the patient wants and what his or her specific goals are, and then tailoring a treatment plan to ensure we 3 the specific care he or she wants," Dr. Jonathan Bergman, a clinical scholar and fellow in the urology department, said in a university news release. 4 many cases, dying patients are given aggressive treatments that don"t help them and 5 higher costs. Patients who want 6 care should, of course, receive it, Bergman said. But many don"t want such treatments and simply have not been 7 about their needs and desires, according to Bergman and colleagues, who are testing patient-centered care 8 cancer patients. To change this situation, doctors need to be educated about patient-centered care, the researchers said. They also 9 that changes to Medicare should be considered. But this is a highly controversial topic that has been sidelined after recent suggested changes were characterized as creating "death panels". "Given the disproportionate cost of care at the very 10 of life, the issue should be revisited," Bergman and colleagues wrote. "We should address goals of care, not to 11 aggressive care to those who want it, but to ensure that we deliver aggressive care only to those who 12 . This reduces costs and improves outcomes." Medical care during the final stages of life is often poorly coordinated and fails to take into account a patient"s preferences, the UCLA researchers say. It also consumes the lion"s share of health care dollars. A 2004 study found that 30 percent of Medicare resources are 13 on the 5 percent of beneficiaries who die each year, and one-third in the final year of life 14 during the final month. Yet research has shown that by instituting patient-centered care, costs in the last week of a patient"s life can be reduced 15 36 percent, and death, when it comes, is less likely to occur in an intensive care unit.

单选题The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.

单选题Medical Education In 18th-century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King's College(now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine. Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty(formerly of King's College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University. In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私营的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association (AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals and licensing of medical practitioners (开业医师) that survive to this day. By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 142 4-year medical colleges recognized by the Liaison (联络) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-88 academic year, 47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (实习期), receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.

单选题Fortunately, the new H1N1 virus has been mild so far. Though it has infected a million Americans, only 556 deaths have been reported to date, versus 36,000 a year for the normal seasonal flu. But H1N1 also arrived very late in the last flu season and did not spread through the whole country. This year the vulnerable population will be much larger. The CDC produced a video last year called Why Flu Vaccination Matters. It features interviews with parents. who have lost healthy children to the seasonal flu. Officials plan to update it this year with information on swine flu. Compared with the normal seasonal flu, H1N1 virus so far has beenA. more dangerousB. mildC. fatalD. spreading more fast.

单选题Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look (1) domestic violence and health among men. "Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it (2) , " Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. "They often don't tell (3) we don't ask. We want to get the message out to men who (4) experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to (5) . " The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical (6) , such as threats that made them (7) for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling. Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner (8) in the past five years, while 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year. Rates were lower for men 55 and (9) , with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months. Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of (10) violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men (11) was physical. However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as (12) suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of (13) . Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems (14) those who had not, especially older men, the (15) found.

单选题Literary historians believe Emily Dickinson had a lonely existence, finding joy only in her poetry.A. friendshipB. happinessC. expressionD. interest

单选题FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.

单选题I quivered with fear at the strange sound. A. shook B. escaped C. stung D. suffered

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} "Wash every day and you'll die young, my son!" People often said those words; long ago, of course. Napoleon's wife had new clothes every month, instead of a bath. ("It's quicker," She always said). Rich people did not often have a bath. They washed their hands and faces, but not their bodies. Many poor people did not wash at all. A young man once said to a doctor; "Soap and water have never touched my body." (And the doctor answered. "That's true. I know... ") why didn't people wash in those days long ago? Well, they did not have water in their house. They carried water from rivers or from holes in the ground ( = wells). Towns people bought it from a water--carrier. Sometimes it was expensive; and soap was always expensive. They drank water, of course; and so they were clean inside. They did not think about the outside! And this is true; they just did not like a bath. Modern life is different. We use a lot of soap and water. And we are all quite clean. However, a few people use too much soap; and they often get ill. Who are these people? Many young women work as hairdressers. They wash and then "dress" other women's hair. That is their job, and they like it. Young hairdressers sometimes wash dirty heads on a busy day! Their hands are soapy for seven or eight hours; and that is not a good thing. A young hairdresser's hands are often red and ugly; and she must then go to doctor.

单选题The research should prove invaluable in the study of linguistics.

单选题IQ-gene In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London"s Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a "smart gene", you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early—and still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. "We have," says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence." Plomin"s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child"s chromosome 6. Of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group—32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science , concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence. Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomin"s group fell for "chopsticks fallacy". Geneticists might think they"ve found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all they"ve really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin"s IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. "What is the gene that they"ve found reflects ethnicity?" asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. "That alone might explain the link to intelligence, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child"s environment." And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg: "I would take these findings with a whole box of salt."

单选题Beware of pickpockets in public places.A. Take care ofB. Look forC. Watch out forD. Take notice of

单选题We were attracted by the {{U}}lure{{/U}} of quick money. A. amount B. tempt C. supply D. sum

单选题Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely.

单选题Egypt felled by Famine Even ancient Egypt's mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 BC Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame-and the same or worse could happen today. The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile's annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have been diminished these floods. Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stablise the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt, along with sediment from the White Nile. The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile. So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river. Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4500 to 4200 years ago, immediately predates the fall of the Egypt's Old Kingdom. The weakened waters would have been catastrophic for the Egyptians. "Changes that affect food supply don't have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies," says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York. Similar events today could be even more devastating, says team member Daniel Stanley, a geoarchaeologist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. "anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically. /

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}} Obesity{{/B}} Obesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints. Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs. But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems. Most physicians use the body mass index (BMI) to determine desirable weights. BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese. Weight-height tables, such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges3. These tables assign a range of weights for a particular height. For example, a man of 1.8 m has a desirable range of 66 to 83 kg, with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6 m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg, with an average of 62 kg. The BMI and weight-height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat, as in the case of a body-builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue, which weighs more than fat. Likewise, a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue. Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. According to some estimates, almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat, and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood pressure. Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer, and all obese people have an estimated 42 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk of medical complications, particularly heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed around the waist, especially in the abdomen. This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women. The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable. Stereotypes about "fat" people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education, employment, and social relationships. The consequences of being obese in a world where people had better be "thin" are especially severe for women, whose appearances are often judged against an ideal of exaggerated slimness.

单选题The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters, A．function B．ability C．power D．volume