单选题Thousands of people perished in the storm.

单选题Common-cold Sense You can't beat it, but you don't have to join it. Maybe it got the name "common cold" because it's more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and. at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it — but only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration o cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.

单选题 In the recent past, medical researchers have shown that heart disease is associated with certain factors in our day-to-day lives: with stress, with smoking, with poor nutrition (营养), and with a {{U}}(51) {{/U}} of exercise. Doctors and other health experts have been {{U}}(52) {{/U}} the fact that we can often reduce the {{U}}(53) {{/U}} of heart disease by paying more attention to these factors. More and more people are realizing that there is a {{U}}(54) {{/U}} between heart disease and the way they live. As a result of this new {{U}}(55) {{/U}}, attitudes toward health are changing:In the past, people tend to think that it was sufficient for good health to have a good doctor who could be {{U}}(56) {{/U}} on to know exactly what to do when they became ill. {{U}}(57) {{/U}} they are realizing that merely receiving the best treatment {{U}}(58) {{/U}} illness or injury "is not enough. They are learning that they must {{U}}(59) {{/U}} more responsibility for their own health. Today many people are changing their dietary {{U}}(60) {{/U}} and eating food with less fat and cholesterol(胆固醇). Many are paying more attention to reducing {{U}}(61) {{/U}} in their lives. The number of smokers in the United States is now far below the level of twenty years ago because many people succeed in breaking the habit and as fewer people {{U}}(62) {{/U}} it up. More and more are aware of the {{U}}(63) {{/U}} of regular exercise like walking, running, or swimming, some have begun to walk or ride bicycles to work instead of made. Millions have become members of health clubs and have made health clubs one of the fastest growing businesses in the United States today. And now the {{U}}(64) {{/U}} effects of these changing attitudes and behaviors are beginning to appear: a(n) {{U}}(65) {{/U}} decrease in deaths from heart disease.

单选题How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care costs?

单选题In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngster(年轻人)who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member. Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients--even when those patients are their parents. This deprives(剥夺)the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience. Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome. It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients' communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies(幻想). Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition, and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death.

单选题Cattle graze on the dry uplands of the island of Hawaii.A. wanderB. breedC. feedD. exercise

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} For years doctors have given cancer patients three main treatments: surgery, radiation and chemotheraphy. Now researchers are developing a fourth weapon: the patient' s own immune system. New vaccines(疫苗)and drugs can stimulate the production of an army of cells and antibodies that kill cancer cells. Drug-vaccine therapy may be lifesaver for Deerfield man. Few people survive advanced melanoma, but immune therapy is giving Deerfield resident Douglas Parker a fighting chance. The 46-year-old salesman noticed a mole on his chest three and a half years ago that was found to be cancerous. Doctors removed the mole but didn't get all of the cancer. The cancer spread to other parts of his body, including his liver, where a tumor grew as large as a baseball. Parker took interferon and interleukin-2 to boost his immune system's ability to fight the cancer. The tumor shrank but didn't disappear. In au- gust, 1997, surgeons removed it, along with two-thirds of his liver. Last January, doctors discovered a new tumor on Parker's left adrenal gland(肾上腺). He received an ex- perimenta1 cancer vaccine at the University of Chicago Hospitals, but the vaccine did n' t stop the cancer from spreading to his right adrenal gland. To augment the vaccine, doctors at Lutheran General Hospital gave Parker a new round of interleukin-2 and interferon. The drug-vaccine combination has shrunk the tumors. And while it's too early to pronounce Parker cured, immune therapy may save his life. "I want to do this to help myself as well as other people who have melanoma," he said. Immune therapy "ultimately will be a significant change in the way we treat a lot of different cancers," said Dr. Jon Richards of Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, who is testing cancer vaccine on melanoma patients. "It will be an equal partner with the other three treatments in the next five to ten years." Several drugs that bolster the immune system have been approved, and vaccines are being tested in dozens of clinical trials, including several in the Chicago area. Many of the experimental vaccines have been tested on patients with advanced melanoma who have little chance of surviving with conventional treatments alone. Researchers also have begun doing work that could lead to vaccines to treat prostate, lung, colon and other cancers. Immune therapy alone won't cure cancer. But when used after conventional treatments, it could kill cancer cells that survive surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, re- searchers said. Some day, vaccines also might be able to prevent certain cancers. It may be possible to vaccinate against viruses and bacteria that help cause cervical, liver and stomach cancer, the National cancer Institute said.

单选题Preferences Vary on Circumstances of Dying Among terminally (晚期) ill people, attitudes differ on what they think constitutes a 1 or bad death, the results of a new study suggest. Dr. Elizabeth K. Vig of the University of Washington in Seattle and colleagues interviewed 26 men with 2 heart disease or cancer. The men were asked to describe good and bad deaths, and they also answered 3 about their preferences for dying. "In this small study, terminally ill men described good and bad deaths 4 ," Vig said. "They did not hold the same views about such issues 5 the presence of others at the very end of life or preferred location of death." Many of the men considered 6 in their sleep to be a good death. The reasons were varied and included not 7 that death was imminent (即将发生的), and that death would be painless. For close to half of the men, a prolonged (拖延的) death was 8 a bad death. Some of the men associated a prolonged death with prolonged pain, 9 others thought a prolonged death would be difficult for their families. Most men said that their 10 were very important to them, but this did not mean that they wanted relatives close at the 11 of death. "Valuing family did not also 12 wanting family present at the very end of life," Vig said. "In fact, some expressed concerns 13 burdening loved ones," Vig said. For instance, some men were worried about the emotional or 14 impact on their family members, according to the Washington researcher. Some were worried 15 their need for care would be a burden on their families, she said.

单选题Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. A. physical B. mental C. natural D. hard

单选题A Gay Biologist Molecular biologist Dean Hamer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter-of-factly gay. What is it that makes Hamer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyone's personality? Hamer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hamer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent. his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions. That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hamer's creative new book, Living with Our Genes. "You have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality, " Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, "as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet. " Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation. Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research; after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to. "Frankly, I was bored, " he remembers, "and ready for something new. " Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. "I'm gay, " Hamer says with a shrug, "but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity — and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research. /

单选题Exercise Cuts Cancer Deaths in Men Men who exercise often are less likely to die from cancer than those who (51) , new research published in the British Journal of Cancer revealed yesterday. A team of scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden looked (52) the effect of physical activity and cancer risk in 40,708 men (53) between 45 and 79. The seven-year study found that men (54) walked or cycled for at least 80 minutes a day had a 84 percent lower risk of (55) from cancer than the men who did less exercise or nothing at all. (56) the period studied, 3,714 men developed cancer and 1,153 died from the disease. The researchers suggest that half an hour's walking (57) cycling a day increased survival among these men by 33 percent. The researchers surveyed men from two counties in central Sweden about their lifestyle and the amount of (58) activity they were usually doing. They then scored these responses and compared the results (59) data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry over a seven year period. Lead author, Professor Alicja Wolk, said: "These results clearly show for the first time the effect that very simple and basic daily (60) such as walking or cycling has in reducing cancer death risk in middle-aged and elderly (61) " Dr Lesley Walker, director of cancer information at Cancer Research UK, said: "This study gives us a clear indication that men who exercise are less (62) to die from cancer, and that they are more likely to (63) the disease if they get it. It's not entirely clear from this study what role exercise plays in preventing (64) in men, but we do know that a healthy lifestyle can prevent up to half of all cancers and (65) exercise forms a key part of this. /

单选题Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look (51) domestic violence and health among men. "Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it (52) ," Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. "They often don't tell (53) we don't ask. We want to get the message out to men who (54) experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to (55) ." The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical (56) such as threats that made them (57) for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling. Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner (58) in the past five years, while 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year. Rates were lower for men 55 and (59) , with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months. Overall, 30. 5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of (60) violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men (61) was physical. However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as (62) suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of (63) . Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems (64) those who had not, especially older men, the (65) found.

单选题Michael is now merely a good friend.

单选题It is hard for the young people to imagine what {{U}}severe{{/U}} conditions their parents once lived under. A.sincere B.hard C.strict D.tight

单选题These programs are of immense value to old people.

单选题I wasn't qualified for the job really but I got it {{U}}anyhow{{/U}}.

单选题Cigars Instead Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voice-box) six-fold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines. "This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement. "The data are clear—the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," he added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive." "To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is—don"t. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks," warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there haven"t been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke ."

单选题These artists have given us special and {{U}}priceless{{/U}} gifts to the cultural life in the United States.

单选题下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Children's Numerical Skills People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy—one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment. Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped—or, as the case might be, bumped into—concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers—the idea of a oneness, a two ness, a three ness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table—is itself far from innate.

单选题Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to, statements before the opening of the conference—of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries—1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese. Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said: "Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany, 20 percent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one percent." But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication. Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said: "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone-age man." "I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing tip on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization." Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said: "80 percent of all diabetics are obese, also 50 percent of all patients with high blood pressure and 50 percent with adipose tissue complaints." "10 percent more weight means 13 percent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one"s weight by 10 percent leads to 13 percent lower blood pressure." Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier." Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. "Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets." The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than 15 percent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.