单选题Passive Smoking Is Workplace Killer Pressure mounted on Britain on Monday to take action on 1 smoking with new research showing second-hand smoke 2 about one worker each week in the hospitality industry (服务行业). Professor Knorad Jamrozik, of Imperial (帝国的) College in London, told a conference on environmental tobacco that second-hand 3 kills 49 employees in pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels each year and contributes to 700 deaths from lung cancer, heart 4 and stroke across the total national workforce. "Exposure in the hospitality 5 at work outweighs (超过) the consequences of exposure of living 6 a smoker for those staff," Jamrozik said in an interview. Other 7 have measured the levels of exposure to passive smoking but Jamrozik calculated how it would translate into avoidable deaths. His findings are 8 on the number of people working in the hospitality industry in Britain, their exposure to second-hand smoke and their 9 of dying from it. Jamrozik said the findings would apply to 10 countries in Europe because, to a greater or 11 extent, levels of smoking in the community are similar. Professor Carol Black, president of the Royal College of Physicians, which sponsored the meeting, said the research is proof of the need for a ban 12 smoking in public places. "Environmental tobacco smoke in pubs, bars, restaurants and other public places is 13 damaging to the health of employees as well as the general public," she said in a statement. "Making these places smoke-free not only protects vulnerable (易受伤害的) staff and the public, it will 14 help over 300,000 people in Britain to stop smoking completely," she added. Ireland recently became the first country to introduce a national ban on smoking in public 15 . New York and parts of Australia have taken similar measures.

单选题When hummingbirds fly, their wingbeats are so rapid that the wings seem blurred .

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}} Valuing Childhood{{/B}} The value of childhood is easily blurred (变得模糊不清) in today's world. Consider some recent developments: The child-murderers in the Jonesboro, Ark. schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11-yearold girl in Chicago. Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive—youthful jealousy(妒忌) and resentment. But a deeper question remains: Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint? That question echoes for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girl's bicycle, a selfish impulse common enough among kids. Redemption (拯救) is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done, children are not—cannot be—dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized. That's why politicians' cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point. But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources. Family instability contributes. So does economic stress. That void, however, can be filled. The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought? Schools, too, have a role in building character. So do youth organizations. So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning, and their observance (遵守). The goal, ultimately, is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood (成年), so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far, but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide — and which progressive human society relies on.

单选题You must Ushine/U your shoes.

单选题Those who get the flu vaccine are surely protected from the disease.

单选题下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定1个最佳答案。 {{B}}第一篇{{/B}} Heat and Health Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people hot, it can cause medical problems--and death. Health experts say that since the year 1900, extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event. One year--the unusually hot summer of 1980--heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States. In 1995, more than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one city--Chicago. To measure extreme heat, government weather experts have developed the Mean Heat Index. It measures the average of how hot it is felt all day on an extremely hot day. Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. The most common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress. Usually, it also is the least severe. For most people, the only result of heat stress is muscle pain. The pain is a" warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say drinking water will help the pain disappear after the body again has the right amounts of water and salt. For some people, however, the result is much more serious. For example, doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from heat stress. These people have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system. Severe heat can help cause a heart attack or stroke. Health experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather.

单选题This table is strong and {{U}}durable{{/U}}. A. long lasting B. extensive C. far reaching D. eternal

单选题Abortions When Catholic clergy or "pro-life" politicians argue that abortion laws should be tightened, they do so in the belief that this will reduce the number of terminations. Yet the largest global study of abortion ever undertaken casts doubt on that simple proposition. Restricting abortions, the study says, has little effect on the number of pregnancies terminated. Rather, it drives women to seek illegal, often unsafe backstreet abortions leading to an estimated 67,000 deaths a year. A further 5m women require hospital treatment as a result of botched procedures. In Africa and Asia, where abortion is generally either illegal or restricted, the abortion rate in 2003 (the latest year for which figures are available) was 29 per 1,000 women aged 15～44. This is almost identical to the rate in Europ—28—where legal abortions are widely available. Latin America, which has some of the world"s most restrictive abortion laws, is the region with the highest abortion rate (31), while western Europe, which has some of the most liberal laws, has the lowest (12). The study, carried out by the Guttmacher Institute in New York in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and published in a British medical journal, the Lancet , found that most abortions occur in developing countries—35m a year, compared with just 7m in rich countries. But this was largely a reflection of population size. A woman"s likelihood of having an abortion is similar whether she lives in a rich country (26 per 1,000) or a poor or middle-income one (29). Lest it be thought that these sweeping continental numbers hide as much as they reveal, the same point can be made by looking at those countries which have changed their laws. Between 1995 and 2005, 17 nations liberalized abortion legislation, while three tightened restrictions. The number of induced abortions nevertheless declined from nearly 46m in 1995 to 42m in 2003, resulting in a fall in the worldwide abortion rate from 35 to 29. The most dramatic drop—from 90 to 44—was in former communist Eastern Europe, where abortion is generally legal, safe and cheap. This coincided with a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world"s highest abortion rate, with more terminations than live births. The risk of dying in a botched abortion is only part of a broader problem of maternal health in poor countries. Of all the inequalities of development, this is arguably the worst. According to a report published this week by Population Action International, a Washington-based lobby group, women in poor countries are 250 times more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than women in rich ones. Of the 535,000 women who died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications in 2005, 99% were in developing countries, according to another report by a group of UN agencies, including WHO, also out this week. Africa accounted for more than half of such deaths. As the UN report noted, countries with the highest levels of maternal mortality have made the least progress towards reducing it. A woman in Africa has a one in 16 chance of dying in pregnancy or childbirth, compared with one in 3,800 for a woman in the rich world.

单选题They always mock me because I am ugly.

单选题I didn't have much confidence in my {{U}}talent{{/U}} as a film actor. A. wisdom B. gift C. performance D. show

单选题Many students today display a disturbing willingness to choose institutions and careers on the basis of earning potential.

单选题3.Born to be Big In 2006 scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health reported that the prevalence of obesity (肥胖) in infants under 6 months had risen 73 percent since 1980. "This epidemic of obese 6 - month - olds," as Robert Lustig of the University of California, San Francisco, calls it, poses a problem for conventional explanations of the fattening of America. "Since they' re eating only formula (配方奶) or breast milk, and never exactly got a lot of exercise, the obvious explanations for obesity don't work for babies," he points out. "You have to look beyond the obvious. " The search for the non - obvious has led to an early - life exposure to Paces of chemicals in the environment. Evidence has been steadily accumulating that certain hormone - mimicking pollutants (污染物质), ubiquitous (到处存在的) in the food chain, have two previously effects. They act on genes in the developing fetus (胎儿) and newborn to turn more precursor (前体) cells into fat cells, which stay with you for life. And they may alter metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate, so that the body saves calories rather than burning them. "The evidence now emerging says that being overweight is not just the result of personal choices about what you eat, combined with inactivity," says Retha Newbold of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). " Exposure to environmental chemicals during development may he contributing to the obesity epidemic. "They are not the cause of extra pounds in every person who is overweight but environmental chemicals may well account for a good part of the current epidemic, especially in those under 50. The new thinking about obesity comes at a critical time politically. As the debate over health care shines a light on the country's unsustainable spending on doctors, hospitals, and drugs, the obese make tempting scapegoats (替罪羊). About 60 percent of Americans are overweight or obese, and their health - care costs are higher: $3,400 in annual spending for a normal- weight adult versus $ 4,870 for an obese adult, mostly due to their higher levels of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other conditions. If those outsize costs inspire greater efforts to prevent and treat obesity, fine. But if they lead to demonizing (妖魔化) the obese - caricaturing (画成漫画讽刺) them as lazy pigs raising insurance premiums (保险费) for the rest of us -that' s a problem, and not only for ethical reasons: it threatens to obscure (使不明显) that one potent cause of weight gain may be largely beyond an individual's control.

单选题Thirsty in Karachi After two weeks in Karachi, I'm not sure whether to laugh or to cry. Either way, it involves water-or rather the lack of it. In Western Europe or the US, you only have to turn on the tap and you'll see a jet of cold water, ready to drink, cook and bathe in, or wash the car. Turn on the tap in Karachi and you'll be lucky to fill a few buckets. Until 1947 the city was part of British India, whose engineers built and maintained a modest water supply network for the city's 500,000 inhabitants. Today, Karachi is home to around 12 million people. Half of them live in slum townships, with little or no water through the mains. Even the "rich" Half usually have to wait days before anything tickles through their pipes. And the coloured liquid that finally emerges is usually too contaminated to drink. According to the state-owned Karachi Water and Sewerage Board, the city needs more than 2,500 million litres of water each day. The board currently supplies 1,650 million litres of which nearly 40 per cent is lost from leaks-and theft. Leaks are dime a dozen to water utilities the world over, but theft? Karachi's unlikely water pirates turn out to be ordinary families struggling to get adequate supplies of one of life's necessities. Stealing water takes many forms. The simplest is to buy a suction pump and get it attached to the water pipe that feeds your house from the mains. This should maximize your share of water every time the board switches on the supply. When the practice started 20 years ago, the pumps would be carefully hidden or disguised as garden ornaments. These days people hardly bother. The pumps are so widespread and water board inspectors so thin on the ground that when officials do confiscate a pump its owner simply buy a replacement. Insisting that people obey the law won't work because most households have little alternative hut to steal. For its part, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board says it would dearly like to make life easier, but finds itself mired in debt because most residents either won't pay water charges or can't afford to the Urban Resource Centre, a Karachi-based think tank, of the 1.2 million known consumers of water only 750,000 are billed, of whom just 163,000 actually pay for their supplies. The board makes a perpetual loss, and there is no money to improve the system or even plug the leaks. Worse, the board increasingly relies on international loans from institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, which only makes its debt worse. The joke is that the owners of the suction pumps end up with little-if any-extra water. You house is in a line with 20 other households all tapping into one horizontal pipeline. All you can end up doing, given you have pumps of equal strength, is redistribute each other's entitlement and pay higher electricity bills into the bargain. Back home in London, I'll remember not to complain about the water meter, or the hosepipeban.

单选题I don"t quite follow what she is saying.

单选题The report says that steps could be taken to reduce about

单选题Grain was the agricultural base for each of the ancient civilizations.

单选题Each member of the committee helped to gather the information contained in the report.A. surmountB. consignC. compileD. devise

单选题This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.

单选题The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. A. difficult B. worried C. anxious D. unhappy

单选题The health care system in the US takes care of everyone in the country.