单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} The National Trust in Britain The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not rich Government department. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4,500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme". Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and open to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbance of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historical and cultural heritage.

单选题The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated .

单选题He had finally achieved success.

单选题Shark Attack! Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. "I could have touched its eye with my elbow," says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn"t heard a thing. In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark"s teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below. Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten. The most common explanation is that great whites don"t see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal. "They spit us out because we"re too bony," says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research. Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It"s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.

单选题George Strong was a very creative engineer.

单选题The book made a great impact on its readers.

单选题I have to go at once. A. soon B. immediately C. now D. early

单选题 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 Rope skipping has many advantages for someone looking for an inexpensive and convenient form of exercise. It{{U}} (51) {{/U}}to all the components of physical fitness,{{U}} (52) {{/U}}in the area of cardiorespiratory(心和肺的)endurance. Rope skipping can be done{{U}} (53) {{/U}}or in pairs. The ends of the rope are held loosely in the fingers. Elbows should be{{U}} (54) {{/U}}the sides and the arms pointed away from the body. The arms and shoulders move in circular motion; as the rope follows a circular motion,{{U}} (55) {{/U}}momentum (力量，势头)can be provided by rotating the wrists.{{U}} (56) {{/U}}by pushing off from the toes just{{U}} (57) {{/U}}enough to allow the rope to pass under your feet. Some physical educators{{U}} (58) {{/U}}that rope skipping expends as much energy as running. Another{{U}} (59) {{/U}}is the relatively short time it takes to perform the activity. Some people rope skip for 10 minutes and feel that this is{{U}} (60) {{/U}}to jogging for 30 minutes, at least{{U}} (61) {{/U}}terms of energy expenditure (消耗). An added advantage of rope skipping{{U}} (62) {{/U}}an activity for many students is that they do not have to skip on hard surfaces. Some students find jogging difficult because of the need to{{U}} (63) {{/U}}on hard surfaces. Rope skipping, on the other hand,{{U}} (64) {{/U}}be performed indoors or outdoors on a hard or{{U}} (65) {{/U}}surface. Rope skip- ping can be done almost anywhere at anytime, providing there is space enough for the rope to make a complete revolution.

单选题 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 {{B}}Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found{{/B}} The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their{{U}} (51) {{/U}}. Two million people die{{U}} (52) {{/U}}it. The disease has{{U}} (53) {{/U}}with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to{{U}} (54) {{/U}}a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop (55) they feel better. Doing that can{{U}} (56) {{/U}}to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how{{U}} (57) {{/U}}it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients{{U}} (58) {{/U}}. It would also mean{{U}} (59) {{/U}}infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others. The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They{{U}} (60) {{/U}}the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might{{U}} (61) {{/U}}about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these{{U}} (62) {{/U}}would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve. The Word Health Organization{{U}} (63) {{/U}}the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make{{U}} (64) {{/U}}they continue treatment. Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan m expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research{{U}} (65) {{/U}}new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.

单选题This latest injury must surely mean that her tennis career is now at an end .

单选题Continuing Medical Education There is increasing recognition of the need for health workers to continue their education throughout their careers. Not only do health workers themselves wish to improve their own skills and competence, but the introduction of new techniques and equipment and the changes taking place in health needs and health care policies necessitate continued training. The phrase "health care" is intended to mean not just curative treatment for the sick but the whole range of provision for promoting health and preventing disease. In virtually every situation some response to this need has been made, so continuing education does take place—even though it may in many instances be ineffective or insufficient. Continuing education may be initiated by the health workers themselves, by their supervisors, by the managers of the health system, or by other agencies such as professional associations, publishers, and drug companies. The form of the continuing education may be written materials (journals, books, advertisements), meetings, courses, supervisory visits, or a variety of other methods. With this diversity of approach it is not surprising that the effectiveness of the continuing education should be variable. So it is natural that in many countries there is a concern that more continuing education should be provided and that it should be more effective. The approach suggested that to achieve this aim is to develop a "system" of continuing education. This term needs some explanation as it is capable of being interpreted in many ways. A system is not the same thing as an organization that provides continuing education. It is much more than that. It is the sum of the educational activities, the organizational structure that supports and manages those activities, the management, and the external agencies involved in the provision of health care. The system should comprise a nationwide coordinated program in which technology and resources are optimally used.

单选题It"s a gorgeous day anyway.

单选题Do you follow what I am saying?

单选题Cooking Off Fumes Cause Tumor The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study. Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate. "An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer," said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long-term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women"s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen. However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods. "Unless my family and I don"t eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook," said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less." Doctors said women"s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He. "Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men," said Dr. Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University"s Medical College. "It"s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women." He"s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.

单选题Brothers and sisters often look a bit different from each other because

单选题Einstein's theory of relativity is so abstruse that very few people can {{U}}appreciate{{/U}} it.

单选题Early universities did not originate as institutions, but began instead as collections of scholars.

单选题I don' t have too much time. Could you tell it ______?A. in detailsB. presentlyC. happilyD. briefly

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown copatented one of the most widely acclaimed wonder drugs of the post-Second World War years. Hazen and Brown's work was stimulated by the wartime need to find a cure for the fungus(真菌类) infections that afflicted many military personnel. Scientists had been feverishly searching for an antibiotic toxic enough to kill the fungi but safe enough for human use, since, unfortunately, the new "wonder drugs" such as penicillin and streptomycin(链霉素) killed the very bacteria in the body that controlled the fungi. It was to discover a fungicide without that double effect that Brown, of New York State's Department of Health Laboratories at Albany, and Hazen, senior microbiologist at the Department of Health in New York, began their long-distance collaboration. Based upon Hazen's previous research at Columbia University, where she had built an impressive collection of fungus cultures, both were convinced that an antifungal organism already existed in certain soils. They divided the work. Hazen methodically screened and cultured scores of soil samples, which she then sent to her partner, who prepared extracts, isolated and purified active agents, and shipped them back to New York, where Hazen could study their biological properties. On a 1948 vacation, Hazen accidentally collected a clump of soil from the edge of W.B. Nourse's cow pasture in Fauquier County, Virginia, that, when tested, revealed the presence of the microorganisms. In farm owner Nourse's honor, Hazen named it Streptomyces noursci , and within a year the two scientists knew that the properties of their substance distinguished it from previously described antibiotics. After further research they eventually reduced their substance to a fine, yellow powder, which they first named "fungiciden", then renamed "nystatin"(to honor the New York State laboratory) when they learned the previous name was already in use. Of their major discovery, Brown said lightly that it simply illustrated "how unpredictable consequences can come from rather modest beginnings."

单选题The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank. A. suffer B. accept C. receive D. endure