单选题 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文，并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}Stress{{/B}} How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is "never", or "hardly ever". As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, it is hard to slow down and unwind. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since it takes many and varied forms—driving in traffic, problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not the "baddy" as it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. it is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to level performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people thrive on stress, and such characters are obviously prime materials for managerial (管理的) responsibilities. Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we invoke the "fight" mechanism which in more primitive days made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however minimal the stress, it involves the same response. All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress, with the result that other functions, such as digestion, are neglected. It is when such reaction is prolonged, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease (冠心病) all have established links with stress. The way stress affects a per son also varies with the individual. Stress in some people produces stomach disorders, while others succumb to tension headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.

单选题 A. since he returned B. that his teammates cannot help admiring him C. that he is often yelled at by the coach D. who can play basketball so well E. because he had been injured F. if Houston hopes to win

单选题Gates and Jobs Have a Friendly Chat LEGENDARY technology rivals Bill Gates and Steve Jobs made a rare joint appearance and wasted no time being nice at a chat at Wall Street Journal's "D: All Things Digital" conference last Wednesday. "Bill built the first software company in the industry," said Jobs, co-founder of the US's Apple Inc." Bill focused on software before anyone." Gates, the Microsoft Corp co-founder, hailed Jobs for taking big risks and developing products with "incredible taste and elegance". Jobs and Gates recalled the early days working together in the 1970s, sharing their views on the state of technology at that time. When Kara Swisher, the journal's technology reporter asked for the greatest misunderstanding in their relationship, Jobs joked: "We've kept our marriage secret for over a decade now." Gates added: "Neither of us have anything to complain about, in general... It's been fun to work together." The two touched briefly on the US 2008 elections. Gates said candidates should be measured by their ideas for improving education. The two worked together in the 1970s, but their companies have remained fierce rivals. Gates dropped out of Harvard University in 1975 to found Microsoft with childhood friend Paul Allen. He turned the company into the world's largest maker of computer software. Jobs and friend Steve Wozniak founded Apple in 1976, five years before IBM Corp jumped into the personal computer market. After leaving Apple in 1985, Jobs made a triumphant return in 1997 when Apple was struggling to survive. Jobs is widely credited with Apple's renaissance with a string of innovative products--the iMac computer for consumers, the powerful PowerMac and PowerBook, and more recently, the iPod digital music player. Microsoft has long dominated with its Windows operating system and software programs like Excel and Office. But Apple scored big with its iPod, introduced in 2001, and its iTunes online music store. Next month, the company's set to introduce its much-anticipated iPhone mobile handset. Microsoft released the Zune music player in November to compete with iPod. An audience member later asked the two men what they learned from each other. "The way he does things is just different. It's magical," Gates said. "Microsoft learned how to partner with people really well, and I think if Apple could have had a little more of that in its DNA, it would have served it extremely well," said Jobs.

单选题A. result of nuclear explosion, fallout is the descent of minute particles of radioactive material through the atmosphere.A. chargedB. heavyC. tinyD. lost

单选题We were attracted by the lure of quick money.

单选题Nowadays, a lot of young youngsters are still depent ______ their parents, even after they have grown up.A. toB. withC. onD. over

单选题It is almost impossible to forecast the future development of a very young child.A. presentB. proposeC. proveD. predict

单选题EFL in paragraph 4 is an abbreviation of

单选题The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.

单选题 Food Irradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products. Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of. All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients. Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation—gamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X rays—and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}Spacing in Animals{{/B}} {{I}}Flight Distance{{/I}} Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. "Flight distance" is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance — the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard's flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures. {{/I}}Critical Distance{{/I}} Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. "Critical distance" includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion's critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man. {{I}}Social Distance{{/I}} Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group — that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group — it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group. Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short — apparently only a few yards — among some animals, and quite long among others. Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother's voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.

单选题When the New York Times officially opened its new headqua～ers in Times Square in 1904, owner Alfred Ochs not only convinced the city to rename the intersection formerly known as Longacre Square, but he also threw a grand party to commemorate the milestone. The New Year's Eve soiree started with an all -day street festival, transitioned to a fireworks display ending with cheers at midnight from the crowd of more than 200,000. Previous New Year's Eve celebrations typically took place outside of Old Trinity Church in Manhattan's financial district. But by contemporary standards these weren't parties at all because there was no ball. Before the year 1904,New Year's Eve celebrations usually took placeA. in Longacre Square.B. in Times Square.C. outside Old Trinity Church.D. on the streets of Manhattan's financial district.

单选题Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil .

单选题The ship's generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated {{U}}by hand{{/U}}.

单选题The good old days of Arthur Frommer's " Europe on $ 5 a Day" are long gone. With exchange rates this month reaching a high of $1.59 to the euro. American travelers are paying more than 50 percent more for hotels, food and other expenses throughout Europe. That's if they can even afford to get there. Depending on the destination, international travel tickets are as much as $ 350 more expensive than last year, according Rick Seaney, CEO of Fare Compare. corn, a discount travel site. The reason for the rising ticket prices: fuel surcharges(燃油附加税)and international travel taxes, both of which have increased this year. Which of the following is one reason that traveling to Europe has become too expensive for Americans?A. The exchange rate of US dollar to the euro has gone up.B. Goods and service prices have increased a lot in Europe.C. Travel agencies are charging more than before.D. Americans are making less due to the economic recession.

单选题The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.

单选题It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_____.

单选题The decline in moral standards The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it. But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. "The thought that 'I'm in it for me' has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness," Ms. Elshtain says. Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self. In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers. The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent "golden age," Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice. Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. "Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought./

单选题We were attracted by the {{U}}lure{{/U}} of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum

单选题Television Is Doing Irrearable Harm "Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television?" How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn"t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it, Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events, We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the "goggle box". We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesn"t interfere with the programme. The monster demands absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced. Whole generation are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost, The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living room and turning on the set. It doesn"t mater that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism(性虐狂) and violence—so long as they are quiet. There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world, Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work, That is why most of the programmes are so bad.. it is impossible to keep pace with the demand maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programme, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in pre-literate communities (有文字之前的时期). We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication, pictures and the spoken work. Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchair watching others working. Little by little "television" cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself, Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization, In quiet natural surroundings we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic (催眠) tyranny of King Telly.