单选题Irish Dolphins may Have a Unique Dialect Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other. The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF) has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations collected on a computer in a cow shed near the River Shannon. As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories. Of the categories, he found most were used by both sets of dolphins but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins. "We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behavior like foraging, resting, socializing and the communications of groups with calves," project leader Simon Berrow said. "Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make." Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins' clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. "They do a whole range of other sounds like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey." "When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales," Berrow said. References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century. They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} Losing Weight{{/B}} Girls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes about weight, body image and food, a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday. Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights, nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the tender age of 10, nearly 32 per cent of girls felt "too fat" and 31 per cent said they were trying to diet. McVey, a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and her colleagues analyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003, reporting their findings in Tuesday's issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal. Nearly 80 per cent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 per cent were considered overweight using standard weight-to-height ratios. Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure. Nearly 30 per cent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight, though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vomiting. Still, a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10.5 per cent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder. "We're not talking about kids who've been prescribed a diet because they're above average weight or overweight. We're talking about children who are within a healthy weight range. And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight." McVey said, acknowledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task, with no easy solutions. overweight adj. 超重的; 过重的 induce vt. 引起,导致 prescribe vt.处方;开药;嘱咐

单选题His professional career spanned 16 years.

单选题Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries. The new study took place in Dar es Salaam. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet. The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body's immunity against infection. The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all

单选题Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first endeavor .

单选题 A Health Profile A health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw your health profile, you will {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}work, how your daily {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}compares to the recommended standards, how much time per week you {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}exercising and what type of exercise you engage {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}or not you have any one of a number of addictions. {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}this portrait, you should have a checkup to determine how your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}a baseline, to which you can then compare later tests. {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}this profile is thoroughly drawn, you can begin to think about setting health priorities based {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}your particular portrait. For example, if you drink two martinis every evening, have a high-stress {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}, are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}losing the excess weight, reducing the stress of your job, giving up your marijuana habit, and then finally giving some {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life, who is {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}excellent health, a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}him in the future.

单选题According to Paragraph 1, you could only tell whether you are really brave by

单选题It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.

单选题Annual renewal is automatic.A. every weekB. every monthC. every yearD. everyday

单选题Three hours later he Uconfessed/U that he had been involved in the attack.

单选题There is been competition between the two Motor car firms. A. cooperation B. contest C. dispute D. conference

单选题Mary said mildly that she was just curious.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}Common-cold Sense{{/B}} You can't beat it, but you don't have to join it. Maybe it got the name "common cold" because it's more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold Viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults — an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it — but only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.

单选题Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics Most older people with so-called type Ⅱ diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday. Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalets Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body's ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent, the newspaper reported. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today, it said. Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked. Associate Professor Dr. Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilization as the healthy non-exercising persons. "This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment," Dela was quoted as saying. Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas, controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes. Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise. Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.

单选题In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.

单选题Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.

单选题 Hack The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word "hacker" didn't have the negative connotation it has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, appears to be dead. The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of today's hacker. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, as it used to be. Instead, most of today's hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet. The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that something besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks. Here are some realities you should know about: Operating systems and applications will never be secure. New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day. And even if you ever do get one operating system secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilities—phones, wireless devices, and network appliances. Employees will never keep up with security polices and awareness. It doesn't matter how much you train and educate your employees. If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable e-mail attachments, how are you going to educate them about properly configuring fire-walls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs? Managers have more responsibility than ever. And on top of the realities listed above, security managers are being asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access. There are some good security measures you can take- Employ a layer 7, full-inspection firewall. Automatically update your anti-virus at the gateway, server and client. Keep all of your systems and applications updated. Hackers commonly break into a Web site through known security holes, so make sure your servers and applications are patched and up to date. Turn off unnecessary network services. Eliminate all unneeded programs. Scan network for common backdoor services—use intrusion detection systems, vulnerability scans, antivirus protection.

单选题 "Salty" Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants' growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.

单选题We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.

单选题Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study. Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate. "An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer," said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1, 4:33 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women"s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen. However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods. "Unless my family and I don"t eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook," said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less." Doctors said women"s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with he. "Smoking is the biggest cause of lung cancer for men," said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University"s Medical College. "It"s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women." He"s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.