单选题 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 {{B}}Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early{{/B}} An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian researchers, who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use. The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients. "When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials—more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years," study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday. Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007,the researchers found that 11 (79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration. "This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an 'immature' benefit/risk balance of new drugs," Apolone said. He and his colleagues "are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However, findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation. " It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration (持续时间) of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to 64 months. They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, they'd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis. "Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there's proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation," Stuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, said at the news conference. "However, too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy (功效) without strong evidence being available."

单选题Sometimes liposuction patients may have to undergo more than one operation.

单选题Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterday.

单选题Jane said that she couldn’tU tolerate/U the long hours．

单选题Eleanor Roosevelt's dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad.

单选题Which is NOT affected by the number of years we have to live?

单选题He looks like a crazy man.

单选题The thunder scared the children.A. caredB. pleasedC. frightenedD. shouted

单选题Immune Functions The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive (蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate effective, and self-limiting. At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and no self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders(入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a selfmarker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in s state known as self-toler-ance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to"remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗体) passed during lactation (哺乳期]), this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物)in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader. Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen(抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (过敏原), which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual also act as antigens;because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first brokendown by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes(抗原表位),which protrude(突 出) from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface; some may even carry several hundreds. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situation does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.

单选题The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} IQ-gene{{/B}} In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a "smart gene", you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early--and still score at Princeton--caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. "We have," says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence." Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6 of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group--32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence. Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for "chopsticks fallacy". Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups mat emphasize academic achievement. "What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity?" asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. "That alone might explain the link to intelligence, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environment. "And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg, "I would take these findings with a whole box of salt."

单选题Kate"s ambition to become a nurse arose from a desire to help others.

单选题We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.

单选题Vitamins are another essential requirement for health. There are about forty known vitamins, but the most generally referred to are A, B, C, D and E. Deficiency of Vitamin A, found in carrots, rose -hips, liver, etc. , is alleged to affect the vision and the skin and reduce resistance to infection. Vitamin C, present in nearly all fruit, particularly oranges and other citrus fruit, has come to be regarded as particularly effective in the prevention of cold and low energy states. What will probably happen to a person with Vitamin C deficiency according to the paragraph?A. He will be easily infected.B. He will have a poor vision.C. He will have smooth skin.D. He will catch cold ffequently.

单选题He strange clothes and make - up really astonished the people at the party.A. attachedB. shockedC. attractedD. shifted

单选题The Cheyenne Indians were considered spectacular riders and fierce warriors.A. huntersB. defendersC. enemiesD. fighters

单选题You accusation is {{U}}wholly{{/U}} without foundation.

单选题Sleeplessness Insomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. For women who are having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns. If it doesn"t it may be, or have become chronic insomnia. How do you know? If you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If you"re not having night sweats then it"s time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomnia for them, there are new medicines that may help. Other common causes are shift working, and pain. In up to 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills. It is estimated that 25% of the adult population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time. Sleep hygiene is directed at changing bad sleep habits. The recommendations are:—Go to bed only when sleepy.—Do not wait up to a specilized time.—Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc.

单选题His novel was adapted for the stage in 1949 as a musical play entitled as St. Louis woman.A. closer forB. includedC. starredD. named

单选题The scientist thinks he can read a man' s ______ from his favorite music.A. attributeB. featureC. propertyD. character