填空题Bedwetting (尿床) Millions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It"s so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it. Most kids don"t tell their friends, so it"s easy to feel kind of alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. 1 The fancy name for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families. This means that if you urinate, or pee, while you are asleep, there"s a good chance that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid. 2 The most important thing to remember is that no one wets the bed on purpose. It doesn"t mean that you"re lazy or a slob. 3 For some reason, kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladders is full and don"t wake up to pee in the toilet. Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic dream that he"s in the bathroom peeing only to wake up later and discover he"s all wet. Many kids who wet the bed are very deep sleepers. 4 Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night. Others wet some nights and are dry on others. A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend"s or a relative"s house. 5 So the brain may be thinking, "Hey, you! Don"t wet someone else"s bed! " This can help you stay dry if you"re not aware of it. A. The good news is that almost all kids who wet the bed eventually stop. B. Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log— they just stay asleep. C. It"s something you can"t help doing. D. Just like you may have inherited your mom"s blue eyes or your uncles" long legs, you probably inherited bedwetting, too. E. That"s because kids who are anxious about wetting the bed may not sleep much or only very lightly. F. But you are not alone.

填空题Before you fall in love, you'd better get a job As told by Lee Joon-ho, 20, a senior in law at Seoul National University, Korean TV dramas have shown a lot of rebellious youth, (46) . Confucianism has a great influence on us. For instance, Confucius said that we should be dutiful to our parents and value the family. Thus we prefer a school that's close to home so we can go back every day. (47) . The other day, my professor was flying to Vienna on a business trip. Instead of waiting for hours in the queue, he was told to check in first and didn't have any problem with overweight luggage. When it comes to important decision-making, such as choosing a university, a job, and a wife, we listen to our parents' suggestions. Most parents seem liberal in study decisions, (48) . Male chauvinism (大男子主义) is prevalent among our parents' generation, since they had to support the whole family through hard work. We need to shoulder the same responsibility, but we've also learned to respect women, as they're doing prominent work in lots of areas. (49) . We want her to be virtuous and thoughtful in taking care of a family. Our sense of tradition is also reflected in our buying habits. In my house, you see only Korean appliances. Although European cellphones are available in ROK, (50) , which are suited more to our tastes and widely promoted in TV dramas and films.A. But to be honest, my friends and I still prefer a traditional woman as a girlfriend and future wife.B. Also as a result of Confucianism, teachers enjoy a high status in ROK.C. we have to live independently of our parents to improve ourselves.D. we favor LG and SamsungE. but they take a firmer stance on their children's love and marriage choices.F. but in fact most students still live a traditional lif

填空题A. No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soilB. Potential hazards of human contaminated soilsC. Research on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chainD. Geology and health problemsE. Rocks - the ultimate source of soil pollutionF. Long - term health effects on children

填空题A. industrially polluted soilsB. rock and soil chemistryC. naturally polluted soilsD. the pathways of metals into the food chainE. the element of iodineF. the persistence of heavy metals

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1) 第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中第2、4、5、6每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 Many Benefits from Cancer Organization 1 Do you know a child who survived leukemia (白血病) ? Do you have a mother, sister or aunt whose breast cancer was found early thanks to a mammogram (乳腺X光照片) ? Do you have a friend or coworker who quit smoking to reduce their risk of lung cancer? Each of these individuals benefited from the American Cancer Society's research program. 2 Each day scientists supported by the American Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take US one step closer to a cure. The American Cancer Society has long recognized that re search holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. 3 As the largest source of nonprofit cancer research funds in the United States, the American Cancer Society devotes over $100 million each year to research. Since 1946, they've invested more than $ 2.4 billion, in research. The investment has paid rich dividends(回报、效益). In 1946 ,only one in four cancer patients was alive five years after diagnosis;today 60 percent live longer than five years. 4 Investigators and health professionals in universities, research institutes and hospitals throughout the country receive grants from the American Cancer Society. Of the more than 1,300 new applications received each year, only 11 percent can be funded. If the American Cancer Society had more money available for research funding, nearly 200 more applications considered outstanding could be funded each year? 5 You can help fund more of these applications by participating in the American Cancer Society Relay(拉力) for Life, a team event to fight cancer. More funding means more cancer break throughs and more lives being saved. To learn more, call Donna Hood, chair with the Neosho Relay for Life of the American Cancer Society at 451-4880. A. What Could Be Done with More Money B. Establishment of the American Cancer Society C. Significance of Funded Research D. Other Sources of Funding for Cancer Research E. Benefits Achieved Through Investment F. How You Can Offer Help

填空题The Earth is surrounded by an ocean of gases we call the atmosphere. The atmosphere is important because it contains the air most living things breathe. ______ It even recycles water by returning it back to the Earth as rain. Without the atmosphere, life as we know it could not exist on Earth. The atmosphere extends about 600 kilometers (about 373 miles) above the surface of the Earth. Scientists discovered that the atmosphere is divided into layers, just like a layer cake.A. The layer of the atmosphere we live in is called the Troposphere (对流层).B. It also absorbs heat energy from the sun.C. Air temperature and air pressure are not the same all the way up through the Troposphere.D. Together they make up the remaining half of all the air that surrounds the Earth.E. Scientists have discovered that the ozone layer has gotten thinner due to pollution.F. It is also wise to wear sunglasses on bright days to guard against damage to our eyes.

填空题Archaeological Archaeological study covers an extremely long span of time and a great variety of subjects. The earliest subjects of archaeolgical study date from the origins of humanity. These include fossil remains believed to be of human ancestors who lived 3.5 million to 4.5 million years ago. The earliest archaeological sites include those in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenye; and elsewhere in East Africa. These sites contain evidence of the first appearance of bipedal(upright-walking),apelike early humans. (46) Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago. The first physically modern humans, Homo sapiens, appeared in tropical Africa between 200,000and 150,000 years ago dates determined by molecular biologists and archaeologists working together. Dozens of archaeological sites through tout Age(100,000 to 15,000 years ago). (47) Archaeologists have documented that the development of agriculture took place about 10,000 years ago. Early domesticationis evident in such places as the ancient settlement in Jordan and in Mexico. Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Gina and the royal sepulchers(tombs)of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes. (48) Archaeological research spans the entire development of phenomena that are nuique to hu mans. For instance, archaeology tells the story of when people learned to bury their dead and developed beliefs in an afterlife. Sites containig signs of the first simple but purposeful burials in graves date to as early as 40,000 years ago in Europe and Southwest Asia. By the time people lived in civilizations, burials and funeral ceremonies had become extremely important and elaborate rituals. (49) . Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit. Archaeology also examines more recent historical periods. Some archaeologists work with historians to study American colonial life, for example. They have learned such diverse information as how the earliest colonial settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, traded glass beads for food with native Algonquian peoples; how the lives of slaves on plantations reflected their roots in Africa; and how the first major cities in the United States developed. (50) . This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.[A] For example, the Mocha lords of Sip an in coastal Peru were buried in about ad 400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver.[B] By 40,000 yeas ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa.[C] Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.[D] They were simple plants that had not devloped sepa-appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.[E] One site in Tanzania even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago.[F] One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States.[G] Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of of the ancient Anasazi(a group of early Native Americans of North America)at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter I sand in the Pacific.

填空题The Safeness of IUDs for HIV-positive Women 1. Women infected with the most common form of HIV may safely use the intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception, provided they see a doctor regularly, new study findings suggest. 2. World Health Organization guidelines currently state that, in general, HIV-infected women should avoid IUDs. "Those guidelines were essentially made on theoretical concerns, and there are really very little data on what contraceptive is appropriate for HIV-infected women, " said the lead author Dr. Charles S. Morrison in North Carolina. 3. Morrison and colleagues gathered information on IUD-related complications at 1,4 and 24 months after placement of the device in 636 women living in Nairobi, Kenya. Of these women, 156 had HIV infection. Participating physicians did not know the patients' HIV status. There was "little difference in any side effects in HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women, suggesting that the IUD is likely an appropriate method for HIV-infected women, " Morrison said. "This is an important issue, because there are now 16 million women living with HIV and a lot of them have a critical need for contraception, " he added. 4. The researchers did find that women with infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia at the study's outset were at increased risk of IUD complications, confirming current guidelines suggesting that women with sexually transmitted diseases not use IUDs. 5. In addition, there was no difference in the amount of virus the HIV-positive women were releasing from their cervix, or shedding, at the beginning of the study compared with 4 months after the IUD was inserted, the researchers reported in the August issue of the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conversely, some studies have shown a relationship between increased cervical HIV shedding and the use of oral contraceptives. 6. "What this study suggests is that you need to avoid IUD use in women with a cervical infection but not women with HIV infection, " Morrison said. "Women with cervical infections are at increased risk of complications; women with HIV infection are not. /

填空题False Fear of Big Fish Many people believe sharks (鲨鱼) are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill humans. 26 A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium (水族馆) in Baltimore, US, proves this. Visitors can touch young sharks, see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank. Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don"t happen very often. Humans are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark. 27 There, kids can learn, from an early age, not to fear sharks. "People fear what they don"t know," said Nancy Hotchkiss, an organizer of the exhibition. "Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role in the ocean"s food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection. " 28 A study, published in January in the US magazine, Science , found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past eight to fifteen years. Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin (鱼翅) soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting other fish. 29 "Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks," said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquarium"s ocean health programme. 30 A. They can watch them develop inside their eggs and feed the skin of the older swimmers. B. A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans. C. In fact, 94 per cent of the world"s 400 species are harmless to humans. D. It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in place to protect these special fish. E. And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children. F. More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than one metre long.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 1. Forty-thousand of the world's young children die every day. This is 15-million a year. Many of these deaths can be prevented. In fact, experts say techniques now exist to save the lives of half of these children. The techniques are medically effective, simple to use and low cost. The biggest task has been to inform parents about these life-saving techniques. 2. The Untied Nations Children's Fund, UNICEF, list four ways to improve children's health. The first way is to use a mixture of sugar, salt and water to treat diarrhea (腹泻). The second way is to use vaccines(疫苗)to protect children against common diseases. The third way is to feed babies mother's milk. And the fourth way is to measure carefully children's growth rates. 3. Diarrhea is the major cause of death among children in developing countries. Diarrhea results when the body tries to clear itself of harmful bacteria. The body does this by forcing fluids out, sometimes uncontrollably, from the bowels(肠). If too much water, sugar and salt are lost in this way, the kidneys(肾)and heart cannot work normally, The child may die. 4. UNICEF's diarrhea treatment is called Oral Rehydration Therapy. It uses a simple mixture of sugar and salt in water. The mixture does not stop diarrhea. But if used as often as needed, it keeps fluid levels normal until the body has fought off the harmful bacteria.

填空题Hypnosis(催眠) Increasing numbers of American doctors are using a technique known as hypnosis. They say hypnosis often can help persons stop suffering pain and stress. It also can help speed the healing of burns, and treats some forms of asthma and some skin diseases. Hypnosis is not new. It has been used for many years both in scientific research and to please crowds at public gatherings. Hypnosis is commonly described as a condition similar to sleep. But，experts say it is more a form of sleep, in which the thought becomes so intense that it is no longer just a thought. To the person, it becomes reality. Hypnotized patients are reported to have increased self-control and a reduced sense of pain. Some doctors use hypnosis to limit pain during a medical operation. Hypnosis is used mainly when the patient may have problems with usual anesthetic or pain-killing drugs. Doctors may advise hypnosis for women who are giving birth. Dentists may use it in place of traditional pain-killing drugs, such as novocaine. Hypnosis also has been used to treat burn victims. Researchers have found that burn victims who are hypnotized improve faster than those who are not. But, they are not sure why this happens. Hypnosis can reduce or end a patient"s pain. But experts say this does not mean the patient is cured. The problem that caused the pain still must be treated. Experts also say persons cannot be forced to do something they would normally oppose. That is why hypnosis often is not effective in treating cigarette smokers and persons who eat or drink too much. The success of the technique depends on how much someone wants it to succeed.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Plants and Diseases{{/B}}1 Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant diseases are all to obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political unrest disastrous to the order of the world.2 Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a suceptibility(易感性) to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight(枯萎病) may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related diseases.3 Plant scientists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens(病原菌) of various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation(大批出没)of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. Other diseases might be caused by fungus(真菌)which attacks the plant in the form of rust.4 Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.

填空题A New Medicine to Treat both AIDS and Hepatitis B A medicine approved last month to treat AIDS (艾滋病) also shows promise against hepatitis B (乙型肝炎). The drug, 3TC, puts down the hepatitis B virus in people with chronic infections, stopping its damage to the liver, researchers reported. About one million Americans are thought to be infected with hepatitis B, which can lead to cirrhosis (肝硬化), liver failure and liver cancer in a small proportion of victims if left untreated. 16 "It"s a preliminary study, but this is promising. It looks like it has the potential to make a significant impact on hepatitis B," said Dr. Jules L. Dienstag of Massachusetts General Hospital, who directed the study. Currently the only treatment for hepatitis B is interferon (干扰素). Such a treatment can permanently eliminate the virus in about one-third of patients. 17 In the latest study, doctors found that 3TC appeared to knock out the virus permanently in about 20% of patients when given for three months. 18 Unlike interferon, 3TC is given in pill form and carries few side effects. The drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November for use against AIDS. Both the hepatitis B virus and the AIDS virus need a protein to reproduce. 19 Doctors have tested similar AIDS drugs against hepatitis B but all except 3TC have turned out to be ineffective or too toxic (有毒的). Dr. Jay Hoofnagle of the National Institutes of Health said a next step will be to combine 3TC with interferon to see if the two drugs together improve the chance of curing hepatitis B. "It looks extremely promising," he said of 3TC. 20 A. Interferon must be injected for four to six months and often has unpleasant side effects, including flu-like symptoms, fatigue and depression. B. The hospital is among the biggest ones in America. C. Dienstag said he hopes that with longer treatment, this response rate can be doubled. D. "It"s not the answer, but it"s a step in the right direction." E. Perhaps 20% of these patients have lingering (迁延性的) infections that would benefit from treatment. F. 3TC is one of a group of drugs that block production of this protein.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}China Seeks Donors to Narrow Bone Marrow Gap{{/B}} 1 China has launched a campaign to recruit more bone marrow donors, amid a shortage of funds as well as of sibling donors who could help the growing number of patients in need of lifesaving transplants, state media reported on Monday. 2 The Chinese Red Cross began the national campaign over the weekend to find donors for some 4 million patients suffering from leukaemia, thalassaemia and other blood diseases and awaiting bone marrow transplants, the official China Daily said. Every year China has 40,000 new leukaemia patients, most of them under 35 and 50 percent of them children, the newspaper said. Other reports have linked China's growing childhood leukaemia to solvents and building materials used in interior decoration. 3 With a tiny pool of bone marrow donors, weakened by the absence of sibling donors for most children because of China's one-child policy, doctors rely on donors from Taiwan to save many young leukaemia patients, the Beijing Evening News said last weekend. Taiwan, with a population of 22 million, has 210,000 registered donors compared with fewer than 30,000 donors among mainland China's 1.3 billion people, the newspaper said. 4 Yet the lack of registered donors may reflect a lack of funding for testing and recording data on potential donors rather than a lack of volunteers, the newspaper said. China needs a pool of at 1east 100,000 donors but testing them would cost more than 50 million yuan, it said. 5 The Hong Kong Marrow Match Foundation said it has helped "a handful" of patients in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities. "The number of requests is increasing" from mainland China, including direct calls to the charity from desperate patients or relatives, said the foundation's donor coordinator Marven Chin. But the cost of extracting bone marrow from one of the foundation's 40,000 registered donors and flying it by courier has to be borne by the patients, and many of them have to be aided financially, Chin said.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} Why Do People Shrink?{{/B}} Did you ever see the movie Honey, I Shrunk the Kids? It's about a wacky dad (who's also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! {{U}}(46) {{/U}} For older people, shrinking isn't that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only an inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less). And this kind of shrinking can't be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. {{U}}(47) {{/U}}. There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) takes holds, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down4 or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another5.{{U}} (48) {{/U}} But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people -- especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with--are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit. Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act, too? You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don't worry, though. {{U}}(50) {{/U}}.A. They end up6 pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.B. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again!C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced.D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.E The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.F But why does shrinking happen at all?

填空题What Is a Dream? For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person"s mind and emotions. Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. 1 The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. The Swiss psychiatrist (精神病学家) Carl Jung was once a student of Freud"s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. 2 For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves. Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person"s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. 3 Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop. He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. 4 This is not true of women"s dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones. Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. 5 The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It"s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world. A. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. B. Men and women dream about different things. C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime. D. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn"t panic. E. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. F. For example, the people in men"s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 1. For well over 2000 years the world's great religions have taught the virtues of a trusting heart. Now there is another reason to merit the wisdom of the ages: scientific evidence indicates that those with trusting hearts will live longer, healthier lives. 2. As a result of the work published in the 1970s by two pioneering heart specialists, Meyer Friedman and Ray H. Rosenman, nearly every American is aware that blood Type A people are impatient, and easily moved to hostility and anger. Many have come to believe that Type A's are at a much higher risk of suffering heart attack or dying of heart disease than others. 3. The driving force behind hostility is a cynical(愤世嫉俗的)mistrust of others. If we expect others to mistreat us, we are seldom disappointed. This generates anger and leads us to respond with hostility. 4. The most characteristic attitude of a cynic is being suspicious of the motives of people he doesn't know. Imagine you are waiting for an elevator and it stops two floors above for longer than usual. How inconsiderate(不替别人着想的)! You think, In a few seconds, you have drawn hostile conclusions about unseen people and their motives. 5. Meanwhile, your cynical mistrust is leading to noticeable physical consequences. Your voice rises. The rate and depth of your breathing increases. Your heat is beating faster and harder, and harder, and the muscles of your arms and legs become tight. You feel "charged up", ready for action. 6. If you frequently experience these feelings, you may be at increased risk of developing serious health problems. Anger can add to the risk of heart and other diseases.

填空题A. Undeniable Mir's achievementsB. Rewards following the U. S. financial injectionC. Mir's problem yearD. Mir regarded as a complete failureE. Mir's firsts in scientific experiments and space explorationF. A great debt owned to the International Space Station

填空题Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a history of heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-one. I was three years old at that time. 1 It was there, but I didn"t take it seriously. When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol (胆固醇) level was measured for the first time. It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me—an extremely high level that put me at a very high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to be screened for participation in a clinical trial. 2 At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood cholesterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery (动脉) up to the heart. 3 Learning about the risks of the experiment as well as the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level seared the life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have saved my life. For the first time, I began to realize the seriousness of high blood cholesterol. 4 But equally important, I got a taste of what it is like to be a patient, to have tests done on me and to think of myself as sick. This was hard to take. This experience taught me two lifesaving lessons. First, although I felt fit and strong, I was actually at high risk for heart disease because of my high blood cholesterol level. And with my family history, it could not be ignored. 5 A. The death rate for the test was only 1 in 100, I was assured. B. Second, I could lower my blood cholesterol level simply by changing what I ate. C. I grew up with heart disease. D. There is not enough oxygen in the blood. E. It was a heart attack just waiting to happen. F. The trial was designed to test the effect of lowering blood cholesterol on the risk of heart disease.

填空题Price planning A price represents the value of a goods or service for both the seller and the buyer. Price planning is systematic decision making by an organization regarding all aspects of pricing. The value of a goods or service can involve both tangible and intangible marketing factors. An example of a tangible marketing factor is the cost savings 21 . An example of an intangible marketing factor is a consumer"s pride in the ownership of a Lamborghini rather than another brand of automobile. For an example to take place, both the buyer and seller must feel that the price of a goods or service provides an equitable value. To the buyer, the payment of a price reduces purchasing power 22 . To the seller, receipt of a price is a source of revenue and an important determinant of sales and profit levels. Many words are substitutes for the term price: admission fee, membership fee, rate, tuition, service charge, donation, rent, salary, interest, retainer, and assessment. No matter what it is called, 23 : monetary and non-monetary charges, discounts, handling and shipping fees, credit charges and other forms of interest, and late-payment penalties. A non-price exchange would be selling a new iron for 10 books of trading stamps or an airline offering tickets as payment for advertising space and time. Monetary and non-monetary exchange may be combined. This is common with automobiles, 24 . This combination allows a reduction in the monetary price. From a broader perspective, price is the mechanism for allocating goods and services among potential purchasers and for ensuring competition among sellers in an open market economy. If there is an excess of demand over supply, prices are usually bid up by consumers. If there is an excess of supply over demand, 25 . A. a price contains all the terms of purchase B. obtained by the purchase of a new bottling machine by a soda manufacturer C. where the consumer gives the seller money plus a trade-in D. available for other items E. prices are usually reduced by sellers F. price means what one pays for what he wants