填空题 The Story of Lani Five-year-old Lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning. "She's very good about it," says her father David. Lani is alive today because of her father David, in more than one way; when she was one year old she received part of her father's liver in a liver-transplant operation. Lani was born with a liver illness. (46) Doctors advised that a transplant was the only way in which she would live. The operation lasted 12 hours and needed two teams, one for the father and one for the daughter. (47) In these cases, the donor's liver grows to normal size in about eight weeks, and the child's liver becomes smaller. Lani spent three weeks in hospital after the operation. Because the receiver's body tries to reject the new organ, the patient has to be given special drugs. (48) Although David left hospital after 10 days, he didn't return to work until after throe months. In order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through the stomach wall, which is strong and full of muscle. It therefore takes a long time to recover after this operation. (49) So far, only 16 of these liver-transplant operations have been carried out in Britain. (50) Doctors say, "If possible, we prefer to take a liver from a dead donor, usually a parent." Lani still has to look after her health, and she gets more tired than other children of the same age, but doctors hope that she will continue to get stronger and stronger.A She had one operation when she was six weeks old, which was not successful.B While these drugs are given, it is important that the patient does not catch any illness, not even a cold.C In this operation a piece of liver, weighing about 250--300 grams, was removed from the father and transplanted into the daughter.D David quickly recovered from the operation.E However, they are more common in North America and Japan.F David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year.

填空题A. to send goods to various parts of the worldB. at any time during the yearC. has greatly promoted tradeD. is it possible to produce on a large scaleE. the transport of goodsF. it is possible to produce on a large scale

填空题The World's Longest Bridge Rumor has it that a legendary (传说的) six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily. (46) When completed in 2010, the world's longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons, equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic, and stretch 5 kilometers long. "That's nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built, "says structural engineer Shane Rixon. (47) They' re suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges (峡谷). A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure's mammoth (巨大的) weight, thanks to hefty (高强度的) supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,100-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge's load. The beefy (结实的) cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370-meter tall steel towers. (48) Getting these cables up will be something. It' s not just their length--totally 5.3 kilometers--but their weight. (49) After lowering vertical "suspender" cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60 meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck, wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck's weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank (拽) up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. (50) A. Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds. B. What do the world's longest bridges have in common? C. If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼啸而过) across the Messina Strait Bridge. D. They're what will keep the bridge from going anywhere. E. The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires. F. They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons--more than half the bridge's total mass.

填空题"Happy Birthday to You" The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won"t stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it"s soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal. One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. 1 They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries. Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called "the spirit of America". The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it. Regardless of why it spreads, 2 American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. 3 "Happy Birthday to You," for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own. Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock & roll and all its variations, country & western music, 4 All have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in America as well, as being "low-class", and then as "a danger to our nation"s youth". 5 And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back to the US. A. As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten. B. But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves. C. American in origin, informal clothing has become the world"s first truly universal style. D. The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962. E. American food has become popular around the world too. F. this spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident, informal and disrespectful.

填空题Depression and the Elderly 1. We all feel sad at times. However, clinical depression is a serious matter. Clinical depression, sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one"s thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health. When people complain that they feel terrible, they have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility. 2. Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older. Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes (发作) of the illness during much of their lives. For others, depression has a first onset (起病) in late life—even for those in their 80s and 90s. Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family. 3. Many older people and their families don"t recognize the symptoms of depression, aren"t aware that it is a medical illness, and don"t know how it is treated. Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia (痴呆). Also, many older people think that depression is a character flaw (缺陷) and are worried about being stigmatized (给……带来耻辱). So they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed (耻辱的) to get help. Others worry that treatment would be too costly. 4. Older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality (死亡率). The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragically, many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help—20% see a doctor the day they die, 40% the week they die, and 70% in the month they die. Yet depression is frequently missed.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Increasingly, over the past ten years, people-especially young people-have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives(添加剂) and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today. Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increases the amount-but not the quality of foods grown in commercial farming area. Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures(牧场). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food;{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. These are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fibre. It is significant that nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fibre has been removed{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of wholemeal(没有去麸的面粉)bread and more vegetables by modern experts on "healthy eating". A. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. B. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. C. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter. D. Vegetables are good for our health. E. they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins. F. Take, for example, the question of sugar.

填空题 American Dreams There is a common response to America among foreign writers: the US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliche (陈词滥调). In the land of black and white, people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}No class system or government stands in the way. Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy. The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 percent. For the top 1 percent, however, it has gone up 200 percent 25 years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 percent since 1969. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 percent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 percent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world. Yet the tax burden on America's rich is falling, not growing. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality. A. Nobody is poor in the US. B. The top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax burden fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980. C. For upper class families they have risen 41 percent. D. Now it is 9.8 times. E. As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller. F. All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder toward the top.

填空题Medicine Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is based on knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it depends on how skillfully doctors and other medical workers apply this knowledge when dealing with patients. The goals of medicine are to save lives, to relieve suffering and to maintain the dignity of ill individuals. For this reason, medicine has long been one of the most respected professions. Thousands of men and women who work in the medical profession spend their lives caring for the sick. When disaster strikes, hospital workers rush emergency aid to the injured. When the epidemics threaten, doctors and nurses work to prevent the spread of disease. Researchers in the medical profession continually search for better ways of fighting disease. Human beings have suffered from illnesses since they first appeared on the earth. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body works or what causes disease. Treatment was based largely on superstition and guesswork. However, medicine has made tremendous progress in the last several hundred years. Today, it is possible to cure, control or prevent hundreds of diseases. People live longer than they did in the past as a result of new drugs, machines and surgical operations. Medical progress in the control of infectious diseases, improvements in health care programs for mothers and children and better nutrition, sanitation and living conditions have given people a longer life expectancy. As medicine has become more scientific, it has also become more complicated. In the past, doctors cared for patients almost single-handedly. Patients received treatment at home for most kinds of illnesses. Today, doctors no longer work by themselves. Instead, they head medical teams made up of nurses, laboratory workers and many other skilled professionals. The care provided by such teams cannot generally be started at home. As a result, clinics and hospitals have become the chief centers for medical care in most countries.

填空题Anti-aging Secrets: Four Ways to Stay Young 1 The aging process is not easy for anyone. While some people accept getting older and do everything within their power to keep the mind and body active, others adopt a negative attitude and give in to the effects of aging. However, the key to feeling young is maintaining a young mental state. Moreover, simple lifestyle changes can make you feel years younger. 2 Keeping the mind active is the best medicine against aging. Studies have shown that persons who remain active following retirement live longer. Brainpower and physical fitness go hand-in-hand. When minds are sharpened or active, we are more likely to be physically active. Even if aging results in slight memory loss or a little confusion, brain exercises such as crossword puzzles (填字字谜) can improve memory. 3 Some persons are naturally introverted (内倾性格的) or shy, which can result in isolation. If you want to live a long life, avoid isolation. Maintaining healthy relationships has lasting benefits. Establishing strong relationships could lower blood pressure, promote relaxation, ease pain, and may even strengthen the immune system (免疫系统). 4 Too much stress can quickly age people. Completely ridding (使摆脱) our lives of stress is impossible. On the other hand, we can adopt simple techniques for better coping with life"s problems, including reducing chaos, setting realistic goals, and relaxing. 5 If you think that you are old, you feel old. Try to be cheerful and avoid developing a negative attitude towards life. Sometimes, this involves changing our association. Surrounding yourself with complainers will start to influence your attitude to life. We all experience hardships. Rather than focusing on the unpleasant, reflect on the positive things about life.

填空题The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancel However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. 1 No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the stroke, from other people"s cigarettes. 2 The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past. scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker"s health. 3 They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. 4 Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. 5 A. Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. B. The Gilsons have been married for 35 years. C. Which smoke is called secondhand smoke. D. However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young. E. As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places. F. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.

填空题 (46) . Studies have shown that pregnant women who drink coffee are more likely than other women to give birth to small babies. There also is evidence that some coffee drinkers get headaches when they are denied coffee (47) . Drinks with caffeine make brain cells more active. Now, a new American study demonstrates what may be a good effect connected to drinking coffee. It found a link between drinking coffee and a decrease in the risk of gallbladder disease in men. The findings are reported in The Journal of the American Medical Association. The gallbladder is an organ in the body that stores bile. (48) . Someone with gallbladder disease may experience severe pain in the stomach after eating fatty foods. Cholesterol in the bile can form painful gallstones. Lack of physical activity and being overweight are the two main causes of gallstone disease. Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts organized the study. They say coffee has several effects that could reduce the risk of gallstone formation (49) . The new study involved 46,000 men. The men were all doctors or health care specialists between the ages of 40 and 75 years old. None of them bad a history of gallbladder disease. (50) . The researchers found that more than 1,000 of the men reported having gallstone disease. More than 80 percent of those men required an operation to remove the gallbladder.A. For years, scientists have argued about the health effects of drinking coffeeB. Bile helps the body break down fat in foodC. Doctors have found a method to cure the diseaseD. The men were observed for 10 yearsE. That is because coffee contain caffeineF. Earlier studies had offered conflicting results, however

填空题 For Love or Money Sports is one of the world's largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are well paid for their effort. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only not by economic background or family connections—sports can be route to wealth, and many athletes play more for money than for love. (1) In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath (花冠) of olive leaves. Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained amateur for centuries. (2) As time passed, however, the contests became increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. (3) In 1896, the Olympic games were received with the same goal of pure amateur competition. The rules bar athletes who have ever received a ＄ 50 prize or an athletic scholarship, or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. (4) He was Spiridon Loues. He won the marathon race. After the race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a car and a horse. (5) But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said, "Nobody pays any attention to these rules." Many countries pay their athletes to train year-round, and Olympic contestants are eager to sell their names to companies that make from ski equipment to breakfast cereals. A. Athletes won fame, but no money. B. This has not always been true. C. Then he gave up running forever. D. At least one competitor in the 1896 games met all these qualifications. E. Olympics has become the biggest games in the world. F. By the fourth century A. D. the Olympics were mined, and they were soon ended.

填空题More Efforts Urged to Empower Women at AIDS Conference Prevention is a central issue being discussed at the sixteenth International AIDS Conference in Toronto, Canada. Twenty-four thousand delegates are at the conference which ends Friday. Bill and Melinda Gates called for faster research to develop preventions like microbicides for women to use when they have sex. (1) Melinda Gates said the way to "change this epidemic" is to put power in the hands of women. In southern Africa, for example, about sixty percent of adults living with HIV are women. Bill Gates said women today often have no choice but to depend on men not to infect them. "A woman should never need her partner's permission to save her own life, " he said as the conference opened Sunday. (2) On Monday, former President Bill Clinton said more people would get tested for HIV if an aggressive effort took place to fight the stigma. But reducing fears of social rejection is not enough. (3) Researchers at the conference presented the results of a new study of HIV testing. It involved more than one hundred thousand people tested in California last year. Some received a quick test, with results in about twenty minutes. The others received a test that is more commonly used; the results takes two weeks. The researchers say twenty-five percent of the people who had the longer test did not return to learn the results. (4) George Lemp of the University of California led the study. He says quick tests could be especially important in developing countries with limited transportation. Speakers at the AIDS conference also discussed high rates of new HIV infections among black Americans. Julian Bond is chairman of the NAACP, a leading civil rights group. (5) Public health officials say half of all new HIV infections in the United States are in blacks. African-American delegates at the conference said they will prepare a five-year plan to reduce infection rates and increase testing. A. The chairman said African-Americans must, in his words, "face the fact that AIDS has become a black disease. " B. Mr. Clinton said people also need a guarantee they would get medicine to suppress the virus. C. Delegates at the conference have worked out an action plan to fight the wide spread of this terrible disease all over the world. D. They hoped that such products could protect against infection with the virus that causes AIDS. E. The world's richest man said "stopping AIDS" is the top priority of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. F. But that was true of only two percent of those who had the quick test.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Clinical Trials 1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use. Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective, easier to use, and/or decrease side effects. Sometimes, studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population, such as children, in whom the treatment was not previously tested. 2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help. It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments. Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options. Other people participate in trims because they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge. 3 The FDA(食品及药物管理局)works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants, some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent (内在的) in medical research studies involving new medical treatments. 4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them. They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective(预期的) participants should understand what happens during the trial, the type of health care they will receive, and any costs to them. Anyone considering a clinical trial should al so know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. A. Why are clinical trials done? B. Where are clinical trials conducted? C. Who should consider clinical trials and why? D. What should people know before participating in a clinical trial? E. What are clinical trials? F. Are clinical trials safe?

填空题How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets of the Mind Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 percent. So, while your mouth is closed, just what is your body saying... Arms. 1 If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. 2 If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you"re unhappy! Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. 3 Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still! Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. 4 This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don"t wish to show. 5 A. If you are feeling down, you normally don"t sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. B. If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this. C. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. D. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. E. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you"re not pleased. F. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.

填空题Caribbean Islands What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火山). 1 The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. 2 The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. 3 These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral. You can see why pirates (海盗) such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. 4 The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year. 5 A. But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always painful. B. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. C. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean. D. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. E. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships. F. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.

填空题A. fall asleep again.B. become more energetic the following dayC. sleep less than 7 hoursD. confirm those serious consequencesE. suffer sleep problemsF. sleep more than 8 hours

填空题Old Man Myths and Realities 1. When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it"s when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt(生硬的)method of decision making. As life expectancy (预期寿命)increases, retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago. 2. Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70 to 75, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation. 3. Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc, but that"s really about all we know. 4. It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health. In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.

填空题Many Benefits from Cancer Organization 1. Do you know a child who survived leukemia? Do you have a mother, sister or aunt whose breast cancer was found early thanks to a mammogram? Do you have a friend or coworker who quit smoking to reduce their risk of lung cancer? Each of these individuals benefited from the American Cancer Society"s research program. 2. Each day scientists supported by the American Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take U.S. one step closer to a cure. The American Cancer Society has long recognized that research holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. 3. As the largest source of nonprofit cancer research funds in the United States, the American Cancer Society devotes over $100 million each year to research. Since 1946, they"ve invested more than $2.4 billion in research. The investment has paid rich dividends. In 1946, only one in four cancer patients was alive five years after diagnosis; today 60 percent live longer than five years. 4. Investigators and health professionals in universities, research institutes and hospitals throughout the country receive grants from the American Cancer Society. Of the more than 1,300 new applications received each year, only 11 percent can be funded. If the American Cancer Society had more money available for research funding, could nearly 200 more applications considered outstanding be funded each year? 5. You can help fund more of these applications by participating in the American Cancer Society Relay for Life, a team event to fight cancer. More funding means more cancer breakthroughs and more lives being saved. To learn more, call Donna Hood, chair with the Neosho Relay for Life of the American Cancer Society at 451-4880.

填空题Public Relations Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases,designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. (46) Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts,government officials,and other noncustomer groups,it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to tip management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. (47) Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image,this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix. (48) Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department,as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. (49) The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function,whether within the company or an outside firm,can take care of public image problems and opportunities. (50) Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertising. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events,and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity,but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.A. Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.B. Furthermore,not all publicity is initiated by the firm；some can result form an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.C. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm,usually in the form of press releases or press conferences.D. Many factors impact on the public image.E. It surely causes heavy losses to the company.F. Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences.