填空题3. Brands The word brand is a comprehensive term that encompasses (包含) other narrower terms. (46) A brand differentiates one seller' s products from those of competitors. A brand name consists of words, letters, and/or numbers that can be vocalized. A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form of a symbol, design, or distinctive coloring or lettering. (47) A trademark is a brand that is given legal protection because, under the law, it has been appropriated by one seller. (48) All trademarks are brands and thus include the words, letters, or numbers that can be pronounced. They may also include a pictorial design. Some people erroneously believe that the trademark is only the pictorial part of the brand. One major method of classifying brands is on the basis of who owns them - producers or middlemen. (49) The terms national and private have been used to describe producer and middleman brand ownership, respectively. (50) To say that the brand of poultry (家禽) feed marketed in three states by a small Birmingham, Alabama, manufacturer is a national brand, whereas the brands of Penney' s or Sears are private brands, stretches the meaning of the terms national and private.A. It is recognized by sight but may not be expressed when a person pronounces the brand name.B. Thus trademark is essentially a legal term.C. However, marketing people prefer the producer middleman terminology.D. A brand is a name, term, symbol, and/or special design that is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers.E. Sunbeam, Florsheim, Spalding (athletic products), and Sara Lee are producers' brands, while Allstate, Shurfine, Sysco, Craftsman, and Penncrest are middlemen' s brands.F. Among various methods of classifying brands, the one based on ownership is widely accepte

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} The First Four Minutes{{/B}} When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: "{{U}} (46) {{/U}} A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that." You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much. When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves." On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs, fears, and hopes. Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way." {{U}} (48) {{/U}} We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one." But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships2, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions. {{U}} (49) {{/U}} For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later. The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required courses in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. {{U}}(50) {{/U}} That is at least as important as how much we know.A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.F He is eager to make friends with everyone.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper,{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep,{{U}} (48) {{/U}}. Then, about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber,{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. Provided that you do not wake up during the first REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep--only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later. A. your brain activity level will increase again slightly. B. The slower your brain waves will be. C. Your brain is still working when you are sleeping. D. Your sleep cycle is as follows. E. It is during REM sleep that most dreams seem to occur. F. This is called stage i sleep.

填空题Facts about Stroke 1 Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. Every 3.1 minutes, someone dies of one. Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nation"s third leading cause of death, ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer. Stroke is a leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States. 2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. It affects the arteries (动脉) leading to and within the brain A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients (营养物) to the brain is either blocked by a clot (凝块) or bursts. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs, so it starts to die. 3 The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions. If a stroke occurs and blood flow can"t reach the region that controls a particular body function, that part of the body won"t work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance, it"s likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction (阻塞) and the extent of brain tissue affected. 4 The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke. The more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke. Some of these you can"t control, such as increasing age, family health history, race, and prior stroke. But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk. Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare provider"s help. Some of these include: high blood pressure, current smoking, heart disease, and high red blood cell count. 5 A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment. In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments. For the treatments to work, the person must get to a hospital immediately.

填空题Depression and the Elderly 1 We all feel sad at times. However, clinical depression is a serious matter. Clinical depression, sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one's thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health. When people complain that they feel terrible, they have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility. 2 Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older. Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes (发作) of the illness during much of their lives. For others, depression has a first onset (起病) in late life - even for those in their 80s and 90s. Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family. 3 Many older people and their families don't recognize the symptoms of depression, aren't aware that it is a medical illness, and don't know how it is treated Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia (痴呆). Also, many older people think that depression is a character flaw (缺陷) and are worried about being stigmatized (给...带来耻辱), so they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed (羞耻的) to get help. Others worry that treatment would be too costly. 4 Older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality (死亡率). The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragically, many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help — 20% see a doctor the day they die, 40% the week they die, and 70% in the month they die. Yet depression is frequently missed.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim Women{{/B}} There is a range of reasons why thin women think they're too heavy, but the distorted body image may often have its roots in childhood, the results of a new study suggest. Researchers found that among more than 2,400 thin women they surveyed, nearly 10 percent thought they were too heavy. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} According to the study authors, led by Dr. Susanne Kruger Kjaer of the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, society's "ideal" female body is moving toward an underweight physique. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} To investigate body image among thin women, the researchers gave questionnaires to 2,443 women ages 27 to 38 whose body mass index was at the low end of normal. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} Overall, almost 10 percent of the women thought they were too heavy. Those who reported certain "severe life events" in childhood or adolescence, such as having a parent become ill or having their educational hopes dashed, were more likely than others to have a distorted body image. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} In contrast, traumatic events in adulthood, such as serious illness or significant marital problems, were not related to poor body image, the researchers report. {{U}}(50) {{/U}}A The same was true of4 women who started having sex or drinking alcohol when they were younger than 15 years old.B Experiences in childhood, including having an ill parent, or starting to drink or have sex at a particularly young age, were among the risk factors for having a distorted body image.C "Our results indicate that the risk of being dissatisfied with (one's) own body weight may be established early in life," Kjaer and her colleagues write.D Research suggests that many normal-weight women wish to weigh less.E If worries have altered your appetite or weight, it will help to talk to someone about it.F The women were asked about factors ranging from childhood experiences to current exercise habits.

填空题Depression and the Elderly We all feel sad at times. However, clinical depression is a serious matter. Clinical depression, sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one"s thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health. When people complain that they feel terrible, they have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility. Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older. Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes (发作) of the illness during much of their lives. For others, depression has a first onset (起病) in late life—even for those in their 80s and 90s. Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family. Many older people and their families don"t recognize the symptoms of depression, aren"t aware that it is a medical illness, and don"t know how it is treated. Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia (痴呆). Also, many older people think that depression is a character flaw (缺陷) and are worried about being stigmatized (给……带来耻辱). So they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed (耻辱的) to get help, others worry that treatment would be too costly. Older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality (死亡). The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragically, many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help. 20% see a doctor the day they die, 40% the week they die, and 70% in the month they die. Yet depression is frequently missed.

填空题Anti-aging Secrets: Four Ways to Stay Young 1 The aging process is not easy for anyone. While some people accept getting older and do everything within their power to keep the mind and body active, others adopt a negative attitude and give in to the effects of aging. However, the key to feeling young is maintaining a young mental state. Moreover, simple lifestyle changes can make you feel years younger. 2 Keeping the mind active is the best medicine against aging. Studies have shown that persons who remain active following retirement live longer. Brainpower and physical fitness go hand-in-hand. When minds are sharpened or active, we are more likely to be physically active. Even if aging results in slight memory loss or a little confusion, brain exercises such as crossword puzzles (填字字谜) can improve memory. 3 Some persons are naturally introverted (内倾性格的) or shy, which can result in isolation. If you want to live a long life, avoid isolation. Maintaining healthy relationships has lasting benefits. Establishing strong relationships could lower blood pressure, promote relaxation, ease pain, and may even strengthen the immune system (免疫系统). 4 Too much stress can quickly age people. Completely ridding (使摆脱) our lives of stress is impossible. On the other hand, we can adopt simple techniques for better coping with life"s problems, including reducing chaos, setting realistic goals, and relaxing. 5 If you think that you are old, you feel old. Try to be cheerful and avoid developing a negative attitude towards life. Sometimes, this involves changing our association. Surrounding yourself with complainers will start to influence your attitude to life. We all experience hardships. Rather than focusing on the Unpleasant, reflect on the positive things about life.

填空题 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～7段名其中4段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 {{B}}Screen Test{{/B}}1．Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year，21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2．But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial，partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3．Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4．The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board(NR- PB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5．The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant" compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme，they say，detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6．But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimize the technique" for breast cancer screening.7．"There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks." admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."0n the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.

填空题Watching Microcurrents Flow We can now watch electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circuits. By scanning the magnetic field generated as electric currents flow through objects, physicists have managed (46) . The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes. Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object and (47) Their sensor is adapted from an existing piece of teclmology that is used to measure large magnetic fields in computer hard drives. "We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fields," says Xiao. The resulting device is capable of detecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes, even when the wire is buried deep within a clip, and it shoves up features as small as 40 nanometers across. At present, engineers looking for defects in a chip have to peel off the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles (48) . But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electro migration where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and moves them along. "It is like watching a river flow," explains Xiao. As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of any object capable of conducting electricity. For example, it could look directly at microscopic cracks in an aero-plane's fuselage, (49) . The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activity in the human brain because the current there is too small, but Xiao doesn't rule it out in the future. "I can never say never," ha says. Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale, from electronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working (50) . A. to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds B. to making chips any smaller C. to take tiny chips we require D. to picture the progress of the currents E. converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point F. faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample

填空题A. will influence future climate changeB. was somewhat surprisingC. will rise rapidlyD. was known to U.S. allE. was much higher than had been expectedF. will drop dramatically

填空题Uncooperative Patients Need Psychological Therapy By refusing to take essential medication after a kidney transplant, a 49-year-old woman drives her doctors and nurses to distraction — to no avail, because the organ has in the end to be removed. (1) Patients refusing to cooperate with medical professionals cause damage not only to themselves but also impose substantial costs on the community. The pharmaceutical company Glaxo Welcome estimates the costs to the German taxpayers of this kind of negative behaviour at around five billion dollars a year. A. recent conference of medical professionals, health insurers, the pharmaceutical industry and patient representatives revealed a wide range of factors behind non-compliance. Not all defiant behaviour in a patient can be characterized as non-compliance. Greater stress should be placed on psychology during medical training, delegates said. (2) Psychologist Sibylle Storkebaum told of an eight-year-old boy who ran amok in a hospital before undergoing a heart transplant, threatening to rip out his drip tubes. (3) "Doctors and nurses failed to see that they had downgraded a boy already conscious of his own responsibilities into a small child, " Storkebaum said, explaining that the boy merely wanted to be taken seriously and to be involved in his own treatment. "Once this was acknowledged, the anger attacks subsided. (4) " Jan-Torsten Tews of Glaxo Welcome highlighted the problem of excessive medication, with patients having to take a wide range of medicines at short intervals. Educating patients and self-management were the key to treating patients with chronic conditions, he said. Health insurers also expressed interest in better cooperation between doctor and patient. "The fact that non-compliance exists is a result of patient dissatisfaction with their treatment, " Walter Bockemuehl, a senior executive in the statutory medical insurance scheme, said. According to one study, half of all patients did not want medication, but had drugs prescribed nevertheless. (5) A. However, there are still some medical professionals who don't believe in psychological therapy. B. He became noticeably quieter and turned into a good patient. C. "In these cases we should not be surprised if the advice is ignored, " he said. D. This case of medical non-compliance is not an isolated example. E. There was evidence that psychological therapy for insecure patients could improve cooperation between doctors and patients, they added. F. His fits of rage were subsequently seen as an attempt to assert his rights as a patient.

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Semco At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father's business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. Semler Junior worked like a madman, from 7:30 a.m. , until midnight every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctor who treated him said, "There's nothing wrong with you. But if you continue like this, you'll find a new home in our hospital. " Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the way his employees worked too. He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong. He allowed them to set their own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists and secretaries. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} "Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone. " He completely reorganized the office, instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} As for uniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts. Semler says, "We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn't even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails and millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea, Rubin springs into action. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} That's when he earns his salary. No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time. " Semco has flexible working hours; the employees decide when they need to arrive at work. The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the numbers, in the last six years, Semco's revenues have gone from $35 million to $212 million. The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3,000. Why? Semler says it's because of "peer pressure". Peer pressure makes everyone work hard for everyone else. {{U}}(50) {{/U}} In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults. And they do. A. Also, Semco lets its workers use the company's machines for their own projects, and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year. B. Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work. C. This saved money and brought more equality to the company. D. And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want. E. He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them. F. If someone isn't doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} Economic Growth{{/B}} The economy of a nation requires {{U}}(46) {{/U}}. Total output must grow if the country is to absorb about 1.5 million new workers who enter the labor force each year and more workers who are replaced each year as a form of technological change. If the nation produced the same level of output each year, instead of increasing it, people would have fewer jobs, growing unemployment, and a decline in the per-capita(人均的)income of the nation. To maintain or increase the existing standard of living and to prevent unemployment from rising, {{U}}(47) {{/U}}. Higher rates of employment and substantial per-capita output gains seem to occur when the real economic growth rate is over 3%, as it was in the years 1983 through 1988. Recent experience shows that, with a real growth rate of less than 2.5%,the U.S. economy suffers from {{U}}(48) {{/U}}. For example, unemployment at the end of 1990 was 5.4% of the labor force. But by the end of 1991, unemployment was more than 6.6% of the labor force. Why did this happen? Simply because the real output of goods and services declined in 1991. New members into the labor force could not be absorbed, so {{U}}(49) {{/U}}. Furthermore, a large number of workers withdrew from the labor force altogether because {{U}}(50) {{/U}}. Instead of rising in 1991, the real GDP actually fell 0.7%. Real GDP rose again in 1992 by 2.6%, but unemployment also rose to 7.3% of the labor force. CDP con～tinued to rise during 1993, gained a 3%. At the same time unemployment stood at 6.8% of the labor force. Per-capita income also grew again during 1993.A unemployment roseB they were unable to find workC a healthy rate of economic growthD out of workE they must increase real gross domestic product (GDP) continuouslyF higher unemployment and limited, gains in per-capita output and income

填空题ZYBAN Tablets (药片)1. ZYBAN is a prescription (处方) medicine to help people quit smoking. Studies have shown that more than one third of people quit smoking for at least one month while taking ZYBAN. For many patients, ZYBAN reduces withdrawal symptoms (脱瘾过程中产生的症状 ) and the strong wish to smoke.2. ZYBAN should be taken as directed by your doctor. The usual recommended dosing (剂量) is to take one 150-mg tablet in the morning for the first 3 days. On the fourth day, begin taking one 150-mg tablet in the morning and one 150-mg tablet in the early evening. Doses should be taken at least 8 hours apart.3. For most patients, treatment will last 7 to 12 weeks. Because results vary, it may take longer for some people, possibly up to 6 months depending on the individual. If you've been smoking for a long time, ZYBAN will help to reduce withdrawal symptoms. It's important to remain on ZYBAN for at least 7 to 12 weeks in order to quit for good. Your doctor should determine when to stop taking ZYBAN. 4. It takes about 1 week for ZYBAN to reach the right levels in your body to be effective. So, to increase your chance of quitting as much as possible, you should not stop smoking until you have been taking ZYBAN for 1 week. You should set a date to stop smoking during the second week you're taking ZYBAN.5. The side effects (副作用) associated with ZYBAN are generally mild and often disappear after a few weeks. The most common side effects are dry mouth and difficulty in sleeping. If you have difficulty sleeping, avoid taking your medicine too close to bedtime.

填空题Insomnia Chinese people don"t seem to be catching much sleep. Experts say insomnia (失眠) has become the second most serious health problem after headaches in neurological (神经病学的) diagnoses over the country, afflicting (使苦恼，折磨) most people between 30 and 50. According to a study last year on adult sleep quality in six large Chinese cities, about 57 percent of respondents have had sleep disorders over the year. And many of them have insomnia. Over the past four years, the number of patients treated at the insomnia clinic of the Sleep Disorders Institute at the Shanghai TCM Hospital has increased 3.5 times every year. Last year, it treated more than 18,000 people with sleeping problems, about 50 every day. People complain to their doctors that when they cannot sleep well at night, they don"t feel good during the day. And then they can"t sleep well again that night. It"s a vicious cycle that haunts (visit frequently) people with sleep disorders. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) doctors are telling people to go to bed early in autumn and winter. Most Chinese believe it is a golden rule for good health. But new research indicates uninterrupted sleep is more important than the length of time in bed. Fragmented sleep causes health problems, which could affect the quality of sleep at night. Different seasons make different times appropriate for going to bed and waking up, TCM doctors say. And in both autumn and winter, it"s better to sleep early and eat certain dishes to keep healthy. They suggest people at night to fall asleep between 11 p.m. and 1 a. m. and massage (按摩) the feet before sleeping if possible. A new research in US indicates sleep does not change much from age 60 onwards; and poor sleep is not because of aging, but mostly because of illnesses or medications used to treat them, says a report in the New York Times.

填空题Lung Cancer 1. The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars. 2. Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers — 21 to 30 cigarettes per day — the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect. 3. Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age, that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed. 4. A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma, so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy. 5. Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths.

填空题 How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets of the Mind Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 percent. So, while your mouth is closed, just what is your body saying... Arms. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy! Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still! Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A．If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. B．If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this. C．Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. D．How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. E．However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased. F．However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} U.S., European Drug Officials Approve Inhaled Insulin{{/B}} A form of insulin for people with diabetes to take by mouth is expected to be sold within a few months. The new medicine is called Exubera. The United States Food and Drug Administration: and the European Commission both recently approved it for adults. It could make life easier for many diabetics who require daily injections of insulin to control their blood sugar levels. But it will not replace all insulin injections. And it is not for everyone. People who smoke or have stopped smoking for less than six months should not take Exubera. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} Three drug companies -- Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics -- developed the inhaled insulin. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} Experts say about fifteen percent of diabetics who need insulin do not take it. The treatment can involve several injections each day. Insulin is a hormone that the body uses to change food into energy. Failure to control blood sugar levels can lead to serious problems, including blindness and loss of blood flow to the feet. It can also lead to heart disease, stroke and kidney failure4. Insulin has been sold as a drug since the nineteen twenties. This is the first new way to take it. Exubera uses a powder breathed into the lungs through a mouthpiece. Pfizer will study the long-term effects. It says some patients have reported a mild cough while using the inhaled insulin.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}. Many people do not know they have diabetes. There are two forms. Most diabetics have the Type Two form. Their body does not make enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} Most Type Two diabetics do not take insulin. Their medicines can be taken by mouth. Diet, exercise and weight control are also important. Type One diabetes often begins in childhood. {{U}}(50) {{/U}}. Officials say diabetics with either type could use inhaled insulin, either before or after a meal. But Type One diabetics and some with Type Two would still need a longer-lasting injection at least once a day.A. With this type the body is unable to produce insulin.B. Pfizer recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide.C. The control of their blood sugar levels is most important for patients with diabetes.D. It is common in people who are overweight and not active.E. Some patients with lung disease should not take it either.F. People are advised to have their lungs examined before using Exubera, and at least once a year after that.

填空题Conservation or Wasted Effort? The black robin (旅鸫) is one of the world"s rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten. 1 Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin. 2 The idea is to buv another island nearby as a special home, a "reserve", for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked (重新准备) with the robin"s food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. Is all this concern a waste of human effort? 3 Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable? In the earth"s long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of success and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. 4 This is nature"s proven method of operation. The rule of selection—"the survival of the fittest"—is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being ode of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most. 5 You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw (爪) to postpone our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out. Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it. A．Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast (比……长久) man, for they seem even more adaptable. B．Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early. C．Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made. D．Both represent orders in the classification of life. E．Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? F．These are the only black robins left in the world.