填空题 Science and Technology There is a difference between science and technology. (46) Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. (47) Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. (48) But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic (超音速的) aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air. (49) The purpose of technology is to serve people — people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. (50) Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in general — so much so that the promise of technology is "obscured". That promise is a cleaner and healthier world, If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will?A. Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.B. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor.C. What scientists discover may shock or anger people — as did Darwin's theory of evolution.D. Science and technology are different.E. We are all familiar with the improper use of technology,F. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.

填空题How Did She Conquer the Americans? African-American talk show queen Oprah Winfrey is the world's most powerful celebrity, according to Forbes magazine. (46) Winfrey, 51, draws 30 million viewers weekly in the United States. Her talk show reaches 112 countries. She earned US $ 225 million over the past 12 months to rank second in celebrity riches. The annual Forbes list gives most weight to annual earnings. (47) "After 21 years, her exciting chat show still rules the airwaves. It created new celebrities and hundreds of millions of dollars in profits," the magazine said. Winfrey is most popular with her popular talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show". She can always attract the superstars and let them open up to her intimate interviewing style. Last month, American actor Tom Cruise, 42, surprised fans when he celebrated his new romance with 26-year-old actress Katie Holmes. He jumped up and down, shouting "I'm in love. " Only a few years ago, Cruise and his ex-wife Nicole Kidman appeared separately on the same show telling the news of their divorce. (48) Winfrey's approach appears to be simple. She is in pursuit of self-improvement and self-empow-erment(自强). This has proved to be just what people, especially women, want. Winfrey often talks about her personal secrets on her show. That pulis in viewers. For example, she revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child, and has spoken freely of her struggle with her weight. Winfrey was born to a poor family in Mississippi in 1954. (49) At the age of 19,she became the youngest person and the first African-American woman to anchor (主持) a news programme. Her success has not just been on the screen. Her media group includes a women's TV network and websites for women. Winfrey's work has extended to social change. (50) She testified before the US Senate to establish a national database of dangerous child abusers. President Bill Clinton later signed "Oprah Bill" into law.A. In 1991 ,she did a lot of work for the National Child Protection Act.B. She was not a very successful woman.C. She began broadcasting while still at high school.D. It placed Winfrey at the top of its annual ranking of the 100 people last week.E. The couple had been tight-lipped about their break-up.F. But it also looks at the celebrity's presence on the Internet and in the medi

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1) 第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。 Messages from the Media 1 The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (复数的) form is media, is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media. 2 It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products. 3 Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, "Television". 4 Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天广告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication-a book. 5 We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money, and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace. A. Importance of Classroom Learning B. Television-A Rich Source of information C. Advertisements as important Messages from the Mass Media D. Various Messages One May Receive Each Day E. Media-Means to Communicate Messages F. Importance of the Mass Media

填空题You Need Courage! Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of PepsiCo (百事可乐公司), was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment. (1) So there I was sitting outside the university's auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students... and talking, and talking. (2) He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him down to 10 minutes. Decision time. I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. "You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 p. m. " I took a deep breath, pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (过道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped. (3) Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now sitting, holding my breath. He looked at the card and then at me. "Let me guess," he said. "You're Jeff. " He smiled. (4) He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done. (5) When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don't. A. I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door. B. As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him. C. I became alarmed, his talk wasn't ending when it should have. D. He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to success in the business world. E. I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class. F. I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Semco At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his father's business in Brazil，Semco，which sold parts for ships．Semler Junior worked like a madman，from 7:30 a.m.，until midnight every day．One afternoon，while touring a factory in New York，he collapsed．The doctor who treated him said，“There's nothing wrong with you．But if you continue like this，you'll find a new home in our hospital．”Semler got the message．He changed the way he worked．In fact，he changed the way his employees worked too． He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong．He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries．{{U}} (46) {{/U}}“Everyone at Semco，even top managers，meets guests in reception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone．” He completely reorganized the office：instead of walls，they have plants at Semeo，so bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else．{{U}} (47) {{/U}}As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts． Semler says，“We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour．He doesn't even pretend to be busy．But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails and millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea，Rubin springs into action．{{U}} (48) {{/U}}That's when he earns his salary．No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time．” Semco has flexible working hours；the employees decide when they need to arrive at work．The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year．{{U}} (49) {{/U}} It sounds perfect，but does it work? The answer is in the numbers：in the last six years，Semco'srevenues have gone from $35 million to $212 million．The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3，000．Why? Semler says it's because of“peer pressure”．Peer pressure makes everyone work hard for everyone else．{{U}} (50) {{/U}}In other words，Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults．And they do． A．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company's machines for their own projects，and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year． B．Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work． C．This saved money and brought more equality to the company． D．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want． E．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them． F．If someone isn’t doing his job well，the other workers will not allow the situation to continue．

填空题The Mir Space Station 1 The Russian Mir Space which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space. 2 During Mir's lifetime, Russia spent about US$ 4.2 billion to build and maintain the station. 3 The Soviet Anion launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. 4 The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. 5 A debate continues over Mir's contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favoring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. 6 Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several tines and there were power failures. 7 Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Min's reputation as a space station was mined. 8 Mir's setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it's time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir. A Undeniable Mir's Achievements B Rewards Following the US Financial Injection C Mir's Problem Year D Mir Regarded as a Complete Failure E Mir's Firsts in Scientific Experiments and Space Exploration F A Great Debt Owed to the International Space Station

填空题Paris 1 Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation's population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation's activities. 2 Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived. 3 The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louver, opened as a museum in 1793 ,is one of the largest museums in the world. 4 In the late 1980s about 4. l million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world. 5 Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation's manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high - technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.A. History of the cityB. Industries of the cityC. Population grownD. EducationE. Cultural centerF. Immigration

填空题A. Safe parking B. Increase in car theft C. Opportunities for non-professionals D. Anti-theft organizations E. divers' carelessness: a factor in promoting ear stealing F. car stealing mostly by professional criminals

填空题Carl Sagan 1 "No one has ever succeeded in conveying the wonder and joy of science as widely and few as wells." That praise was given on Carl Sagan when he was honored with the Public Welfare Medal, the highest award given by the National Academy of Science. On 20 December 1996, Carl Sagan died at age 62 of pneumonia. In my experience, he was much more than a prominent popularizer. He was a brilliant scientist with solid achievements. 2 I first met Sawn at a meeting of the AAAS, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, were he took part in a session on the Viking Mars Project. When Viking landed on Mars in 1976, it was at a site he had helped select. Then I interviewed him in Washington, D.C., after Mariner had sent back spectacular pictures of the Martian surface. Sagan had acted as a head of one of Mariner's imaging teams. The interview, "Close-up Photos Reveal a Turbulent Mars," appeared in Popular Sciences in September 1976. 3 I had originally headlined the story "The Red Planet Isn't Dead," but Sagan asked me to change it. "I'm in enough hot waters with some of my colleagues as it is," he said, referring to the anger felt by some scientists over his growing fame as a popularizer. That fame reached a zenith during his 1980 television series "Cosmos," with an audience of 400 million people in 60 countries. Along the way, he captured Pulitzer Prize for his book The Dragons of Eden. 4 He was noted for the vigor of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience. I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanual Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted, Velikovsky said, in the bible. 5 Sagan was often heard observing that drawings of flying saucers never included a door. "How did those creatures of outer space get in and out?" he once asked. Once he said that pseudoscience is embraced in exact proportion as real science is misunderstood. A Satan as a Science Popularizer B Honor Sagan Enjoyed C Sagan's Publications D Description of tie First Meeting with Sagan E Sagan's Criticism on Pscudoscience F Sagan in Trouble with Other Scientists

填空题Things to Know about the UK From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It"s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world"s best. Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you"re one of these people, you"d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It"s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK. Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London"s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London"s underground is called the Tube. It"s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city. The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd"s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture. Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.

填空题A. to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rulesB. to expand vocabularyC. to use the target languageD. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefullyE. from cluesF. to say strange things

填空题The Paper Chase 1. "Running a house is a lot like running a business." says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips: 2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can"t devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room. 3. When in doubt, throw it out. The first step to implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you don"t use, don"t need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you"ll never have an opportunity to use or even read. 4. Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesn"t fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills—one to correspond with each bill-paying day—and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in ease the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced. 5. Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyone"s needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: "Where would I look for this?" Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、4、5、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} DVD for Rent{{/B}} 1．A pay-for -play system for video DVD (digital versatile disc) will emerge by summer as an alternative, and possibly a competitor, to the DVD format currently available. 2．The new system called Digital Video Express (Divx),operates like a DVD player, except for the specially coded discs. These will cost $ 5 for initial viewing over a 48-hour period and can be viewed again for additional fees and even purchased for unlimited viewing. 3．Divx combines the service of a video rental store with the operation of a pay-per-view TV channel. Unlike a rented videotape, though, the Divx disc needn't he returned. The 48-hour viewing period doesn't begin until the disc is first played. Customers can retain the disc for replay in the future at an additional fee, or simply discard it. (Divx plans a collection and recycling programme.) 4．Subsequent plays, or the purchase of unlimited-viewing rights, are billed to the customer's Divx account and charged to a credit card. The player's built-in memory keeps track of all Divx plays, and relays this information by toll-free phone modern to the Divx record-keeping centre. Each Divx disc and player has a unique identification code, so the system knows which discs have been played and where—something that may raise concerns over privacy. 5．Some Divx discs could be converted for unlimited play at a price likely to be lower than buying a conventional DVD. Others, called Divx Gold, would be sold from the beginning for unlimited play without further charge. Although conventional DVDs will run in a Divx players, conventional DVD player will lack the decoding and communications ability to play Divx discs. Divx players will be offered by Panasonic, RCA and Zenith. 6．About 100 discs will be available initially from Disney, Dreamworks, Paramount, and Universal, growing to 500 titles within a year. Most of these will be released in the 4:3 pan-and- scan mode rather than in the 16:9 letterbox format. Other filmmakers have yet to adopt the Divx system. Which is owned by retailer Circuit City, the 350-store electronics chain that bankrolled its development.

填空题I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling, I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. 1 It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one another"s hands for reassurance. They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. 2 Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon(蚕茧)—into a larger cocoon. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. 3 And many of today"s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. 4 Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. 5 . A Most teenagers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actually doing the same. B. That"s the only kind of popularity that really counts. C. But some how they all end up crowded round listening to the same record. D. You may have some thoughts that you don"t care to share at once with your classmates. E. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. F. But take a good look at the present rebellion.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第5—8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请写在相应的横线上。 {{B}}Earthquake{{/B}} Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. These are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upward from 6.0. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth's surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before earthquakes happen.

填空题Feed the World with Potatoes 1 As food prices continue to rise rapidly, there is growing concern about the effect it will have among the world"s poor. 2 Increasingly, experts are looking to the potato as a possible low-cost solution to feeding the hungry. To emphasize the issue, the United Nations has called the potato "a hidden treasure", and named 2008 the International Year of the Potato. Here"s how potatoes could end the food crisis. 3 The potato matures more quickly, on less land and in harsher climates than most other major crops. Up to 85 percent of the plant is eatable, compared with around 50 percent of cereals. Its broad adaptability to a wide variety of farming systems is also noteworthy. 4 Potatoes are an excellent source of complex carbohydrates ( 碳水化合物), which release their energy slowly, and have only 5 percent of wheat"s fat content. They contain only a quarter of the calories of bread and, according to the Potato Center, when boiled, potatoes have more protein and nearly twice the calcium (钙) as corn. Additionally, they are good sources of vitamin C, iron, potassium (钾) and zinc (锌). 5 The Food and Agricultural Organization recently surveyed food price inflation in over 70 of the poor countries. Cereal price inflation was much higher and far more widespread than for potatoes. A significant factor behind the potato"s affordability is the fact that unlike other agricultural products, the potato is not yet a global commodity, and has therefore not attracted speculative investors. Raw potatoes are heavy and can rot during transit, so global trade has been slow to take off. Also, potatoes are susceptible (易受影响的) to infection with disease, hindering (阻碍) export. According to analysts" estimates, less than 5 percent of potatoes are traded internationally, with prices driven primarily by local tastes instead of international demand.

填空题How Human"s Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed 1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. 2 Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature vs. nurture". 3 Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. 4 Those who support the "nurture" theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. 5 Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. Supporters of the "nature" theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say, they don"t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项巾为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Even Intelligent People Can Fail{{/B}}1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean; talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.3 "Many of life's failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: "You only fail when you quit."5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. 'But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen's company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.

填空题American Dreams There is a common response to America among foreign writers: the U.S. is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliche(陈词滥调). In the land of black and white, people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. 1 No class system or government stands in the way. Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy. The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. 2 Over the past 25 years the median U.S. family income has gone up 18 per cent. For the top 1 per cent, however, it has gone up 200 per cent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. 3 Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969. 4 This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 per cent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world. Yet the tax burden on America"s rich is falling, not growing. 5 There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality. A. Nobody is poor in the U.S. B. The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980. C. For upper class families they have risen 41 per cent. D. Now it is 9.8 times. E. As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller. F. All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.

填空题Virtual Driver Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving cat with different parts of his body. (46) Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver. This virtual driver has eyes,brains,hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and fight. If you open the boot,you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system:a built-in computer. (47) The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at analyzing their position on the road, choosing the fight path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system. In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (48) However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action. With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case,is it possible for us to let it have the wheel at any time and in any place? (49) With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways. The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. (50) This being the case, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like. A．Experts say that we cannot do that just yet. B．In the near future,intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation. C．This is the brain of the car. D．But how does an intelligent car control itself? E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds. F However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.