填空题The Arctic Ice is Thawing Father Christmas may have to move his "workshop" from the North Pole because global warming is thawing the ice beneath his feet and his reindeers, feet as well. His" workshop" is in dire straits. The "platform " for the "workshop" is melting, said Stefan Norris of the World Wildlife Fund Environmental Group's Arctic Program. An eight-nation report by 250 scientists published recently predicted the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2100 because of a build-up of beat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, mainly from burning fossil fuels in cars or factories. The North Pole is getting more and more inhabitable to Father Christmas, (46) . Young people learn that, Father Christmas' "workshop" produces millions of gifts delivered by him on a flying, reindeer-drawn sleigh. Hollywood movies like" The Polar Express" tried to make viewers believe that Father Christmas lives at the North Pole. (47) . The" Fortress of Solitude" is near the North Pole that could be under threat in a warmer world. Jan Boldt, spokesman of the Danish Ministry of Science, suggested ways to rescue Father Christmas. (48) . Another alternative, he argued, would be building some electrical facilities to ensure the ice stays on the North Pole for him. "This should be a subject for the United Nations. "he said" Danmark could build windmills to provide Father Christmas with power. " Denmark says Fair Christmas's real home is Greenland, which will help, Denmark thinks, to strengthen its position in claiming the sovereignty over the Pole. (49) . "Doesn't he already speak Danish?" Boldt said frostily when asked if Father Christmas would be forced to learn Danish if Denmark won international recognition of its claim to the Pole. Last month's Arctic report said the region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe, partly because dark ground or water, once uncovered, soaks up more heat than ice or snow. Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland. (50) . A. However, Nordic nations all reject it by claiming that their countries are his home. B. Therefore the North Pole is the most attractive place in the world. C. If Denmark's claim were accepted internationally, it would have the legal right to search for oil and gas at the North Pole. D. One of them would be building a giant floating ice rink for the workshop if the Pole thaws. E. Maybe Father Christmas has already moved to Rovaniemi. F. He may have to move from the North Pole within one children's lifetimes.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题，(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Atmosphere{{/B}}1．The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent and nitrogen about 78 percent. Several other gases, such as argon (氩), carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon (氖), krypton (氪), and xenon (氙), comprise the remaining one percent of the volume of dry air. The amount of water vapor, and its variations in amount and distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension (悬浮) great quantities of dust, pollen (花粉), smoke, and other impurities which are always present in considerable, hut variable amounts.2．The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it becomes imperceptible (感觉不到的). Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influence on weather changes. Recent studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and missile probings, have shown these assumptions to be incorrect. The atmosphere has three well-defined strata (layers).3．The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about ten miles, is known as the tropophere (对流层). On the whole, it makes up about 75 per cent of all the weight of the atmosphere. It is the warmest part of the atmosphere because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth's surface which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance from the earth's surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperatures within the troposphere decrease about 3.5 degrees per 1,000 feet increase in altitude (海拔高度). Within the troposphere, winds and air currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds, called jet streams, are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. These jet streams are both complex and widespread in occurrence. They normally show a waveshaped pattern and move from west to east at velocities (速度) of 150 mph, but velocities as high as 400 mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensive research may eventually rebel their true significance.4．Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone called the stratosphere (高温层). The stratosphere is separated from the troposphere by a zone of uniform temperatures called the tropopause (对流层顶). Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is a layer of ozone (臭氧) gases which filters (过滤) out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this zone were not there, the full blast of the sun's ultraviolet light would burn out skins, blind our eyes, and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively uniform.5．The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinating but the least known of the three strata. It is called the ionosphere (电离层) because it consists of electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the sun. The northern lights (aurora borealis) originates within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. Its effect upon weather conditions if any, is as yet, unknown.

填空题A. a lot of money B. national people C. morning D. local people E. national issues F. local issues

填空题Development in Newspaper Organization One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century (46) , which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue (47) . Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (PUI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story. Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers (48) . A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and (49) . Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined (50) . Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry. A. to play an important role in newspaper operations B. was the growth of telegraph services C. and they usually enjoy great prestige D. they are usually operated by a single owner E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs F. owned by a single person or organization

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个最佳标题：(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Electromagnetic Energy White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium(氦). Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy. A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's Energy B. The Most Important Source of Energy C. Types of Electromagnetic Energy D. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer. E. Seeking New Sources of Energy F. Nuclear Energy is Beginning to Compete with Coal

填空题 A. books B. lecture C. tricks D. facts E. memory F. list

填空题Hurricane clouds move in a circle around a point called the eye, which is the center of the storm. To be called a hurricane, a storm must have wind speeds of at least 74 miles per hour. When a hurricane comes ashore, there are heavy rains, large waves and strong winds that cause damage to buildings, cars and trees. ______ Storm surges are the main reason people are told to leave beach towns and move inland when a hurricane approaches. Hurricanes move very slowly though, so people have a chance to get out of the way.A. Hurricanes gather heat and energy from the warm ocean water.B. The first hurricane name starts with the letter A, like Ashley, and the names move through the alphabet as more hurricanes form.C. Meteorologists, scientists who study the weather, watch these storms very carefully.D. During the official hurricane season, these large storms sometimes hit coastal areas of the United States.E. This year, the United States has been hit by more damaging hurricanes than in anyother year.F. Also, flooding can occur when large waves called storm surges hit the beaches.

填空题Coffee Is "Health Drink" It is a daily routine for millions of Italians—the morning cup of espresso brewed on the kitchen hob or downed swiftly in a care on the way to work. But for years their favorite way of kick-starting the day has had a bad press— 6 . Now it seems the tide is turning. Forget the scare stories, says dietician Chiara Trombetti. 7 Coffee can be good for you—the stronger, the better. Coffee contains tannin and antioxidants, which are good for the heart and arteries, Dr. Trombetti says. It can relieve headaches. 8 —and can help prevent cirrhosis and gallstones. And the caffeine in coffee can reduce the risk of asthma attacks—and help improve circulation within the heart. There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. If you drink too much it can increase nervousness, and cause rapid heartbeat and trembling hands. 9 And even Dr. Trombetti says no one should drink more than three or four cups a day. 10 But Dr. Trombetti is adamant that a cup of milky coffee could make the ideal start for the next generation of coffee lovers—Italy"s drowsy school kids—stimulating their brains ahead of a day that often lasts from 08:30 until 16:00. A. All of us are advised not to drink coffee any more. B. Pregnant women, heart patients, and anyone with a stomach ulcer are usually advised to avoid it. C. Most recently when it was reported that doctors had told British Prime Minister Tony Blair to drink less coffee. D. Many parents might be horrified at the thought. E. There is sound scientific reason to enjoy your morning espresso without worrying about the health effects. F. It is good for the liver.

填空题Caribbean Islands What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the islands were formed by the eruption (喷发) of ancient volcanoes (火山). 1 The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. 2 The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. 3 These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral. You can see why pirates (海盗) such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. 4 The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year. 5 A. But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always painful. B. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. C. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean. D. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola, E. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships. F. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Looking to the Future{{/B}} When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would “radiate light” and “change color with the push of a button.” Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught “by electrical impulse while we sleep.” Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually,{{U}} (46) {{/U}}and the question was, “what will life he like in 1978?” The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully studying the present skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote:{{U}} (47) {{/U}}, hut would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in “airbuses”, large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents “almost unheard of”. Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was “The city of 1982.” If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it’s probably because{{U}} (48) {{/U}}But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market. In October of that year,{{U}} (49) {{/U}},ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors. In 1957, H. J. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, “Only one thing is certain,” he answered. “Children born today{{U}} (50) {{/U}}.” A. the stock market had its worst losses ever B. will have reached the age of 43 C. the article was written in 1958 D. Cities of the future would not be crowded E. the prediction of the future is generally accurate F. future study is still a new field

填空题Reinventing the Table An earth scientist has rejigged (调整) the periodic table (元素周期表) to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. 1 But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions (离子) of each element rather than just the elements themselves. "I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students," he says, criss-crossing (交叉) his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 2 But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which. "Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what"s going on with the elements," says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge. 3 4 He explains that sulphur (硫), for example, shows up in three different spots—one for sulphide (硫化物), which is found in minerals, one for sulphite (亚硫酸盐), and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt. He has also included symbols to show which ions are nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 5 A. And the size of element"s symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth"s crust. B. The traditional periodic table was well drawn. C. Railsback has listed some elements more than once. D. "I imagine that this would be good for undergraduates." E. There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev made it up in 1871. F. Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.

填空题Little Lady Starts Big War Harriet Beecher Stowe had poured her heart into her anti-slavery book "Uncle Tom"s Cabin". 1 The publisher was so doubtful that he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him, and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress. But when the first 5,000 copies were printed in 1852, they sold out in two days. In a year the book had sold 300,000 copies in the United States and 150,000 in England. 2 Within six months of its release, a play was made from the book which ran 350 performances in New York and remained America"s most popular play for 80 years. It might appear that "Uncle Tom"s Cabin" was universally popular, but this was certainly not true. Many people during those pre-Civil War day—particularly defenders of the slavery system—condemned it as false propaganda and poorly written melodrama (传奇剧作品). Harriet did have strong religious views against slavery (When asked how she came to write the hook, she replied: "God wrote it."), and she tried to convince people slavery was wrong, so perhaps the book could be considered propaganda. 3 Though she was born in Connecticut in 1832, as a young woman she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, when her father accepted the presidency of newly founded Lane Theological Seminary (神学院). Ohio was a free state, but just across the Ohio River in Kentucky, Harriet saw slavery in action. 4 In 1851, Harriet Beecher Stowe began her book. Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slavery system. 5 In fact, when Abraham Lincoln met Harriet at the White House during the Civil War, he said, "So, this is the little lady who started this big war." A. She had read a lot about the slavery system. B. Today some historians (历史学家) think that it helped bring on the American Civil War. C. But if so, it was true propaganda, because it accurately described the evils of slavery. D. For a while it outsold every book in the world, except The Bible. E. But neither she nor her first publisher thought it would be a big success. F. She lived 18 years in Cincinnati, marrying Calvin Stowe, professor of a college.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Local Newspapers in Britain 1. Britain has a large circulation (发行量) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays. 2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits. 3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local events-births, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this week's edition, a news item can be held over until the following week. 4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eyes. 5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest. A. Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen B. Service Provided by Local Newspapers C. Large Circulation of the National Newspapers D. Special Features of Local Newspapers E. Power of Local Newspapers F. Popularity of Local Newspapers

填空题You Need Courage! Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of Pepsi Co (百事可乐公司), was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment. (1) So there I was sitting outside the university's auditorium, waiting for the president of Pepsi Co. I could hear him talking to the students... and talking, and talking. (2) He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him down to 10 minutes. Decision time. I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. "You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 p. m. " I took a deep breath, pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (地道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped. (3) Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now sitting, holding my breath. He looked at the card and then at me. "Let me guess," he said. "You're Jeff. " He smiled. (4) He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done. (5) When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don't. A．I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door. B．As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him. C．I became alarmed: his talk wasn't ending when it should have. D．He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to success in the business world. E．I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class. F．I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.

填空题Stars in their eyes The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos edited by David Levy, Macmillan, ￡20, ISBN 0333782933 Previous generations of scientists would have killed to know what we know. For the first time in history, we have a pretty good idea of the material content of the Universe, our position within it and how the whole thing came into being. In these times of exploding knowledge there is a definite need to take stock and assemble what we know in a palatable (受欢迎的) form. (46) The essays in The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos have been selected by David Levy, co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which in 1994 struck Jupiter with the violence of several, full-scale nuclear wars. (47) This is certainly a great collection of essays, but it is not, as the book promises, a seamless (完美的，无逢隙的) synthesis of our current knowledge. Nobody can fault the range of articles Levy has i.ncluded. There are essays on the planets, moons and assorted debris (碎片) in the Solar System, and on our Galaxy, the Milky Way. (48) The contributors, too, are stars in their own fields. Not many books can boast chapters written by such giants as Erwin Schrodinger and Francis Crick. My personal favourites are a piercingly clear essay by Albert Einstein on general relativity and an article by Alan Guth and Paul Steinhardt on the inflationary (膨胀的)Universe. So much for the book's content. But Levy has not succeeded in providing an accurate synthesis of our current knowledge of the cosmos, which the book Jacket promises. Gathering together previously published articles inevitably leaves subject gaps, missing explanations and so on. (49) But there isn't one. In fact, surprisingly for a book so densely packed with information, there is no index. Collecting essays in this way is clearly a good publishing wheeze (巧妙的生意). But this approach shortchanges the public, who would be better served by an account moulded into a seamless whole. (50) However, for the next edition, please, please can we have an index? A. Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book. B. In a more positive vein, this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview (概述) of current cosmic understanding. C. Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer, so you'd expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos. D. Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine. E. To some extent, these could have been plugged with a glossary (词表) of terms. F. Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles, the origin of life on Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere.

填空题 Local Newspapers in Britain 1. Britain has a large circulation(发行量) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays. 2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits. 3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local events—births, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this week's edition, a news item can be held over until the following week. 4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye. 5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

填空题 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题：(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 {{B}} The Science of Sport{{/B}}1 At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.2 Record-breaking in all track events is slowing down and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?3 Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.4 Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.5 But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (想象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.6 But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? What's more, are all these advantages fair?

填空题Paragraph 3 ______

填空题Ha! The Science of When We Laugh and Why It"s certainly possible to over-analyze a joke. 1 Considering the abundant research on the topic, maybe not. Scott Weems, a neuroscientist, takes readers on a wide-ranging tour that explains what humor is and why readers should care. 2 Humor improves interpersonal relationships, and studies show that simply watching a funny movie can lower stress, improve immune system response and even help viewers better solve problems. The complexity of the human brain makes humor possible, Weems argues, and it also helps explain how some people can find a joke hilarious while others deem it grossly offensive. Humor takes many forms—as many as 44 by one researcher"s count—but shares certain traits and themes. From puns and riddles to slapstick (打闹剧), humor is inherently subversive, Weems says, often treating serious subjects with frivolity (轻浮) or even rudeness. 3 Ha! Isn"t a self-help guide to being funny, though a careful reader can find useful nuggets (块金) throughout? 4 Surprise helps, too, whether it"s the incongruity (不协调) of an elephant hiding in a cherry tree or the absolute improbability of Raquel Welch and the pope ending up in the same lifeboat. The final chapter divulges (透露) Weems"s semi-successful attempt at stand-up comedy. He got a few laughs, he says, but not where he expected them. 5 The joke that got Weems the most laughs, and judged by one website"s readers as the best in the world, is a story that he had practiced many dozens, maybe hundreds, of times. A. Prisoners of war and others in dire situations, for instance, often turn to dark humor. B. It turns out that humor influences health and social well-being in many ways. C. The funniest jokes carry a little edginess (急躁), but not too much. D. But can the same be said for humor as a whole? E. Maybe practice does make perfect. F. Laughter is the bridge between dreams and reason, and every good bridge needs abutments.

填空题Some doctors think that you should drink a glass of water each morning. You should drink water before doing anything else. The temperature of the water should be similar to body temperature: not hot, not cold. Why should you drink this water? (46) . It helps clean out your kidneys. It prepares your stomach for digestion. (47) . After drinking water, the intestines can more easily take out nutrients from our food. And water helps us go to the bathroom more easily. Scientists suggest that people take in 1600 milliliters of water each day. (48) . If you do, your kidneys will have to work much harder to eliminate it. It's better to drink some in morning and some in afternoon. (49) . And during meals, they think water dilutes the juices produced in our stomachs. This can interfere with normal digestion. Are you drinking enough water every day? Check the color of your urine. (50) . If your urine is very dark yellow, your probably need to drink more water. A little water each day could make you much healthier.A. If it is light yellow, you are probably drinking enough.B. Water can also help your intestines work better.C. Some people think it's better to drink between meals.D. Water helps your body in many ways.E. But don't drink all of that water in one sitting.F. Water is an essential element of lif