填空题Geothermal (地热) Energy 1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth"s center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma (岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth"s surface. It often remains well below the earth"s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth"s surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable (不可渗透的) rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir (储存处). If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants. 2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today. 3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary (双重的) plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700° Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam. Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again. 4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in a binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.

填空题A. by the quake itselfB. not be preventedC. to cause damage of property and loss of livesD. of a possible earthquakeE. the unusual behaviors of some animalsF. the strong behaviors of human beings

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 The Value of Motherhood In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to thank her for her unselfish love". When you log onto a website, a small popo-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. {{U}} (46) {{/U}} The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more-enough to make her horrified. {{U}} (47) {{/U}} They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, which take advantage of the promotion opportunities, Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against (反对) the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested -- for disturbing the peace, interestingly. {{U}} (48) {{/U}} As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right." But in the logic of commercialism (商业主义), people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better. {{U}} (49) {{/U}} So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation (预料). {{U}} (50) {{/U}} According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives. So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting (养育) is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people. " A. The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood. B. But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood. C. Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit. D. According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday. E. As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s. F. In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.

填空题A. Growth of Economy B. "Servant" Economy C. Strength of the Creative Economy D. Weakness of the Creative Economy E. Gift of Talking F. Export of Talking Machines

填空题Poll: Family ties key to youth happiness So you're between the ages of 13 and 24. What makes you happy? Spending time with family was the top answer to that open-ended question, according to an extensive survey--more than 100 questions asked of 1,280 people ages 13-24--conducted by The Associated Press on the nature of happiness among America's young people. (46) . And good news for parents: Nearly three-quarters of young people say their relationship with their parents makes them happy. "They're my foundation," says Kristiana St. John, 17, a high-school student from Queens in New York. "My mom tells me that even if I do something stupid, she's still going to love me no matter what. Just knowing that makes me feel very happy and blessed." (47) . While most young people are happy overall with the way their lives are going, there are racial differences: (48) . A lot of young people feel stress, particularly those from the middle class, and females more than males. You might think money would be clearly tied to a general sense of happiness. But almost no one said "money" when asked what makes them happy, though people with the highest family incomes are generally happier with life. (49) . And sex? Yes, we were getting to that. Being sexually active actually leads to less happiness among 13-17 year olds, according to the survey. If you're 18 to 24, sex might lead to more happiness in the moment, but not in general. Overwhelmingly, young people think marriage would make them happy and want to be married some day. Most also want to have kids. Finally, when asked to name their heroes, nearly half of respondents mentioned one or both of their parents. (50) .A. Others may make us much happier.B. However, having highly educated parents is a stronger predictor of happiness than income.C. the poll shows whites to be happier than blacks and Hispanics.D. The winner, by a nose: Mom.E. Other results are more disconcerting.F. Next was spending time with friends, followed by time with a significant other.

填空题What Is Type 1 Diabetes? When you eat, your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. (46) . Your body uses glucose (葡萄糖) for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose cannot be used by the body on its own--it needs hormone called insulin to bring is into the cells of the body. Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas; a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the body gets the energy it needs. When a person has Type 1 diabetes, it is because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. (47) . You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents' age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes. (48) . When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile (Type 1) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whale life. It won' t ewer change to Type 2 diabetes when he gets older. Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. (49) . Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes, something else outside the person's body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pan-trees that make insulin. But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with this means you cannot get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. And this type of diabetes isn't caused by eating too many sugary foods, either. Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person's body sometimes months or years. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. (50) . A. Genes are something that you inherit from your parents, and they are in your body even before you are born. B. This sugar-fuel is called glucose. C. It may be possible to heat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes. D. You can't catch diabetes from people who have it, no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them. E. The glucose can't get into the cells of the body without insulin. F. When a person has this kind of diabetes, the pancreas usually can still make insulin, cut the person's body needs more than the pancreas can make.

填空题A The Financial Center of USA B The Night Life in New York C The Traffic Facilities of New York D Shopping Center for the Rich E New York--An International City F Central Park--A Place of Recreation for the New Yorkers

填空题Traditionally the law did not allow women to have the control over ______

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Every year thousands of grey whales make the longest migration of any animal, traveling 7,000 miles each way between the Arctic and Baja, California. The grey whales spend the long summer days in their Arctic feeding grounds in the Bering Sea between Alaska and Russia. Unlike a fish, the whale is warm-blooded and must therefore maintain a relatively high internal body temperature. In the cold Arctic waters the grey whale is protected by an outer layer of blubber which averages six inches in thickness. Other whales such as the Greenland Night whale have been found with a two-foot thick layer of blubber covering their bodies.2. During these summer months, in the Arctic the grey whales fatten themselves by consuming enormous quantities of small shrimp-like animals called amphipods. Recent observations of a young grey whale, Gigi Ⅱ, held in captivity at Sea World in San Diego during 1971 and 1972, suggest that the grey whale feeds by sweeping its enormous head over the bottom. The amphipods on which it feeds are either stirred off the bottom or leap off the bottom to escape. These animals and the surrounding water are sucked into the whale's mouth. As the water is expelled from the mouth, it passes through coarse baleen fibres. The small animals are trapped and swallowed.3. In October as the days get shorter and ice begins to form over the Arctic feeding grounds, the California grey whale begins its long journey south to the warm waters of Baja, California. During this three-month long trip the whales travelling in groups stay close to the shore of North America, swimming both day and night and averaging abut 100 miles per day.4 During the trip south the grey whales that are sexually mature, at least three years old, and not pregnant already, form mating groups. These groups are composed of three whales, two males and a female. The dominant male couples with the female while the second male is kept busy positioning the two whales on their sides facing each other and keeping them together during the sex act. This is no small job, since each whale can be fifty feet long and weigh forty tons.5. During December and January the grey whales arrive at the warm lagoons along the coast of Baja, California. The whales swim miles inland along narrow shallow channels. These channels are the breeding grounds of the California grey whale. The calf has been gestating in the pregnant female for the last thirteen months, that is, since her last journey south. The expectant cow is aided in the birth of the calf by another female that acts as a midwife. At birth the calf sinks toward the sea floor. Being a mammal the whale must breathe at the surface. The midwife guides the baby whale to the surface for its first gulp of air. The calf then finds its mother's nipples and rich whale milk is forced into its mouth. During the next two months the calf will grow twenty feet and double its weight.6. In March the whales begin their long journey north to the Arctic. The newly-pregnant females leave first, following by the males and immature females. The last to leave the warm waters of Baja are the females and their calves. The whales arrive at their Arctic feeding ground in June. Many scientists believe that during this entire eight month long, 14,000 mile journey, the California grey whale does not feed at all!

填空题Stars in Their Eyes The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos edited by David Levy, Macmillan, ￡20, ISBN 0333782933. Previous generations of scientists would have killed to know what we know. For the first time in history, we have a pretty good idea of the material content of the Universe, our position within it and how the whole thing came into being. In these times of exploding knowledge, there is a definite need to take stock and assemble what we know in a palatable (受欢迎的) form. 1 The essays in The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos have been selected by David Levy, co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which in 1994 struck Jupiter with the violence of several full-scale nuclear wars. 2 This is certainly a great collection of essays, but it is not, as the book promises, a seamless (完美的，无缝隙的) synthesis of our current knowledge. Nobody can fault the range of articles Levy has included. There are essays on the planets, moons and assorted debris (碎片) in the Solar System, and on our Galaxy, the Milky Way. 3 The contributors, too, are stars in their own fields. Not many books can boast chapters written by such giants as Erwin Schrodinger and Francis Crick. My personal favorites are a piercingly clear essay by Albert Einstein on general relativity and an article by Alan Guth and Paul Steinhardt on the inflationary (膨胀的) Universe. So much for the book"s content. But Levy has not succeeded in providing an accurate synthesis of our current knowledge of the cosmos, which the book jacket promises. Gathering together previously published articles inevitably leaves subject gaps, missing explanations and so on. 4 But there isn"t one. In fact, surprisingly for a book so densely packed with information, there is no index. Collecting essays in this way is clearly a good publishing wheeze (妙计). But this approach shortchanges the public, who would be better served by an account molded into a seamless whole. 5 However, for the next edition, please, please can we have an index? A．Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book. B．In a more positive vein, this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview (概述) of current cosmic understanding. C．Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer, so you"d expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos. D．Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazines. E．To some extent, these could have been plugged with a glossary (词表) of terms. F．Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles, the origin of life on Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere.

填空题A. Study of SoundB. Highway PoliceC. Working PrinciplesD. Early Use of" Radar"E. Useful ToolsF. Discovery by Chance

填空题Radar helps pilots to ______

填空题Smoke Gets in Your Mind 1. Lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease, birth defects—we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern. Mental illness. According to some controversial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite litter, drive you to despair. 2. The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps even schizophrenia. 3. Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 per cent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness. 4. But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking, or smoke more to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up. But perhaps something more sinister is going on. 5. A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety. "We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health, and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness," says Naomi Breslau, director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit. 6. Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which followed a group of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 per cent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period Smoking, it seems, could pre-date illness. 7. At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depression. 8. One of these larger studies was led by Goodman, a pediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed, and might or might not have been smokers, while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month. After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking peers. Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens. "Current cigarette use is however, a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms." 9. Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers. It"s a hard message to get across, because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit, not when they smoke. But Breslau says that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in general, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers.

填空题Few Facts about Singapore 1. Singapore is an independent city state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island—the Singapore Island—and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq. km. 2. Low lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief(轮廓鲜明的)features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20℃. The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm; the wettest months are November through January. 3. Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four-year term is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament, but by a 1991 constitutional amendment(修正案), the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law making body with its 81 members popularly elected. 4. In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore, several technical colleges, and a teachers college. 5. Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $ 23.7 billion, or $ 8,870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produces a diversity (多样化的) of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.

填空题Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis 1．When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago, I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time, however, I developed some pointers (点子), which I hope will help others. 2．During the first few weeks of emotional "aftershocks" (余悸) from the diagnosis, I found myself unable to utter the word "cancer". Still, I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I"d had a biopsy (活检) and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call. I did the best I could, which is all anyone can do in this situation. When I called them, I said, "What we feared has happened." They immediately knew what I meant. 3．Nearly a year after my diagnosis, I find myself more comfortable telling people "I was diagnosed with cancer" instead of saying "I have cancer". On some deep level, I don"t want to "own" this illness. Choose language that suits you when you share your news. And keep in mind that there is no one "right" way of doing this. 4．Most people, after heating your announcement, will be curious about the next step. They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy (化疗). They may wonder where and when you will have surgery. Answer their questions as best as you can, but keep in mind that "I don"t know tight now" or "I"m still in too much shock to think about that" are good answers. 5．Wait until the initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Don"t overwhelm (使不知所措) very young children with too much information. Assure them that, even if you will be in the hospital for a while, they will see you every day and they will be cared for. Older children may already fear the word "cancer", so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be taking to treat your illness.

填空题 A．over the past 50 years B．beneath the earth's surface C．by more than 50 percent D．for more than four decades E．as a raw material F．for home energy needs

填空题A. by the quake itselfB. not be preventedC. to cause damage of property and loss of livesD. of a possible earthquakeE. the unusual behaviors of some animalsF. the strong behaviors of human beings

填空题Price Planning A price represents the value of goods or service for both the seller and the buyer. Price planning is the systematic decision made by an organization after regarding all aspects of pricing. The value of goods or service can involve both tangible and intangible marketing factors. An example of a tangible marketing factor is the cost savings 1 . An example of an intangible marketing factor is a consumer"s pride in the ownership of a Lamborghini rather than another brand of automobile. To make a deal, both the buyer and seller must feel that the price of goods or service provides an equitable value. To the buyer, the payment of a price reduces purchasing power 2 . To the seller, receipt of a price is a source of revenue and an important determinant of sales and profit levels. Many words are substitutes for the term price: admission fee, membership fee, rate, tuition, service charge, donation, rent, salary, interest, retainer, and assessment. No matter what it is called, 3 : monetary and non-monetary charges, discounts, handling and shipping fees, credit charges and other forms of interest, and late-payment penalties. A non-price exchange would be selling a new iron for 10 books of trading stamps or an airline offering tickets as payment for advertising space and time. Monetary and non-monetary exchange may be combined. This is common with automobiles, 4 . This combination allows a reduction in the monetary price. From a broader perspective, price is the mechanism for allocating goods and services among potential purchasers and for ensuring competition among sellers in an open market economy. If there is an excess of demand over supply, prices are usually bid up by consumers. If there is an excess of supply over demand, 5 . A. a price contains all the connotation of other terms of purchase B. obtained by the purchase of a new bottling machine by a soda manufacturer C. where the consumer gives the seller money plus a trade-in D. available for other items E. prices are usually reduced by sellers F. price means what one pays for what he wants

填空题A Star Is Born 1 The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world"s largest telescope (望远镜) and is taking astronomers (天文学家) further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. Located 2, 600 metres up in the Chilean Andes, it has four huge mirrors, each about the size of a London bus. The VLT is so powerful that it can spot a burning match 10,000 kilometres away. 2 This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision (碰撞) of galaxies (星系) on the edge of the cosmos (宇宙). The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmos. The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed. 3 Take the case of Eta Carinae, one of the most explosive stars in the universe. This star produces ultraviolet laser rays (紫外线) and it will destroy itself in a few million years" time. It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for! 4 But it is at distances of millions, even billions, of light years that the VLT really shows its power. The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed. This gives astronomers their first-ever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos. 5 In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine. It takes astronomers back to a time when complete galaxies crashed into each other. The effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scientists, and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to come. One day, we might be able to say we have traveled back to the beginning of time, and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.

填空题2. Birds vs. Environmentalists? In Wyoming, it's the sage grouse (松鸡). In Colorado, it's the lesser prairie chicken. In the Northwest, it's the Washington ground squirrel. Across the country, a growing number of species are finding themselves at the center of a new battle being waged by environmentalists and developers. The issue—species being threatened by encroaching (侵占) human development—is nothing new, of course. (46) Wind energy has been touted as cost-effective to produce clean energy as well as jobs. (47) But not every environmentalist is happy about that development. Critics charge that wind-energy development can cause habitat fragmentation-a displacement of a species that can eventually reduce its numbers-as well as the deaths of birds and hats that collide with the wind turbines'(涡轮) massive rotor blades (动叶片). (48) That s a low estimate, says Michael Fry of the American Bird Conservancy(美国鸟类保护协会). According to his group, turbines kill three to 11 birds per megawatt (兆瓦特) of wind energy they produce. Right now, there are about 20,000 megawatts produced in the United States, which can mean-at worst-up to 220,000 bird fatalities a yean (49) Whatever the number, the wind industry is hoping to avoid damaging its green reputation and is struggling with finding the fight solution. Portland has been experimenting with curtailment at its 34.5-megawaa Casselman, Pa., wind farm with some success, reducing bat mortality by 70 percent in a 2008 study. The company, which created the industry's first Avian and Bat Protection Plan in 2008, has also pioneered a radar technology that detects approaching migratory birds and shuts down the turbines accordingly. (50) "The best option is to avoid putting it in those locations in the first place, "says Doug Inkley, a senior scientist at the National Wildlife. Federation. Members of the wind industry think that the issue may be, well, overblown. It's not wind energy versus nothing; it's wind energy versus some other form of energy which will also invariably have an impact—potentially more of an impact than a wind project.A. Now, the natural habitat that nurtured wildlife, 300 species of birds, thousands of species of fish, flora, and other ecological systems is rapidly disappearing.B. What is new? The encroachers aren't the usual suspects but the environmentally friendly wind-energy industry.C. But environmentalists argue that these measures aren't enough, especially in areas like the Texas coast.D. That promise, thing with new government subsidies, has helped wind turbines pop up on hills and fields throughout America.E. A 2007 study by the National Academy of Sciences puts the number of birds killed each year at about 20,000 to 30,000.F. With wind energy expected to produce 20 percent of this country's energy by 2030, output would grow tenfold and, environmentalists worry, deaths could increase at a similar rat