填空题Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? ______ Yet a very young child--or even an animal, such as a pigeon -can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.A. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from anotherB. Like the human face, human personality is very complex.C. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.E. Bookworms, conservatives, military types -people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav

填空题It wasn't so long ago that the idea of a college romance playing out online--for better or for worse- would have been deemed weird, nerdy, or just plain pathetic. ______ But then MySpace came along, and Facebook took ver - and today, courtship has become a flurry of status messages, e - mail flirtation, and, not so uncommonly, breakups that play out publicly for all 400 of your not - so - closest friends. And while a Facebook split is clearly not the ideal, Katie Vojtko has been on the other side of it, too: she ended a recent romance through an e-mail--to which shenever heard back. "It's not something I'm proud of," says the 22 - year - old, who graduated in April. "But technology just makes dating so much easier. "A. It's easier to approach each other, to talk casually, to get to know one another and feel out romantic potential without ever having to trul put themselves out there.B. "And you don't even have to be on the computer to engage in it. "C. They can see where that person grew up, their political interests, whether they're "looking for a relationship" or only interested in" hooking up. "D. As the thinking went, if you had to go to the Web to find a mate, or break up with one, it must have meant you weren't capable of attracting anyone in the real world.E. Now a relationship may still begin by locking eyes acrossa crowded bar, but instead of asking for a phone number, the next step almost surely involves a Facebook friendship offer,F. David Hein zinger, a 24 - year - old new - media specialist in New York, recently asked a girl he met at a happy hour to dinner.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} Cars Are Good for the Environment{{/B}} Britain's motor industry is planning a major publicity campaign to counter what it sees as an official anti-car bias and to improve, the environmental image of the cars, according to documents leaked to the pressure group, Friends of the Earth (FOE). {{U}}(46) {{/U}}. The internal document which was produced last month by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, says that the "ultimate objective of the campaign must be to protect the long term commercial freedom of the motor industry and the lifestyle freedom of car users". {{U}} (47) {{/U}}. European car manufacturers have already agreed with the European Commission to reduce CO2 emissions from new cars by 25 per cent to target of 140 grams per kilometre by 2008. However, the document also reveals that the industry is some way from meeting the target. {{U}}(48) {{/U}}. To help control these emissions, the government has proposed replacing the flat rate annual tax on cars with a tax related to engine size so that owners of large gas-guzzler(耗油量大的汽车)would pay more than owners of small cars. {{U}}(49) {{/U}}. Richard Barnet, the society's media manager, says:"We will work with the government to practise a practical system."{{U}} (50 {{/U}}.A The campaign will highlight the motor industry's efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)B But the motor industry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on useC The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡12 millionD The reason why cars are good for the environment is obviousE But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry "may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels"F For example, last year's new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre —some 37 percent above the target

填空题1. Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and, more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery. 2. The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light--from the sun it self clown to a humble match burning--will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam. 3. Experiments with these pinpoint beams have shown researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches, no unwanted damage--a true surgical wonder. 4. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. 5. The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.

填空题 Leukemia Leukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get, but it is still very rare. Leukemia involves the blood and blood-forming organs, such as the bone marrow. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} A kid with leukemia produces lots of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually, white blood cells fight infection, but the white blood cells in a person with leukemia don't work the way they're supposed to. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}The abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control, filling the bone marrow and making it hard for enough normal, infection-fighting white blood cells to form. Other blood cells—such as red blood cells (that carry oxygen in the blood to the body's tissues) and platelets (that allow blood to clot)—are also crowded out by the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other parts of the body, including the bloodstream, where they continue to multiply and build up. Although leukemia can make kids sick, most of the time it is treatable, and kids get better. Almost all leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy, which means using anti-cancer drugs. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Chemotherapy quickly goes to work, traveling through the blood to the bone marrow. There, the drugs can attack the cancer cells. After several weeks of chemotherapy, many kids begin to feel better. Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy, too. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} If the cancer isn't getting better from using the usual amounts of chemotherapy and radiation, then a kid with leukemia will probably need more treatment—with higher doses of chemotherapy and radiation finally to kill the cancer cells. But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the kid's bone marrow too, and the bone marrow will no longer be able to produce normal blood cells. So, doctors will then give a kid—or anyone else with bone marrow that is no longer working—normal bone marrow tissue from someone else who is healthy. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A．The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter, a narrow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, sometimes in the kid's upper chest. B．Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked, since they may resemble symptoms of the flu or other common diseases. C．This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant, and it helps the patient make new blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia. D．Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first made. E．They don't protect the person from infections very well. F．Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves (similar to X-rays) to kill cancerous cells.

填空题A．sell flesh vegetablesB．sell as much as possibleC．offer a variety of prepared mealsD．turn them into soupE．fill a gap in the marketF．promote her soups

填空题Transport and Trade 1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance. 3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4 By moving fuel,raw materials,and even power,as ,for example,through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living. 5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.A. Higher living standardB. Importance of transport in tradeC. Various means of transportD. Birth of transport-related industries and tradeE. Role of information in tradeF. Public transportation

填空题A. timely discovery of hurricaneB. convenienceC. sex equalityD. its connection with humansE. huge powerF. uncertainty

填空题Ginseng Shows Benefits in Cancer Treatment Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel, U.S. researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine. The studies reflect doctor"s efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. Americans spend between $36 billion and $46 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. "Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm," said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed"s role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer. "The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed," said Dr. Nancy Davidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president elect of ASCO. "I think this is fascinating." Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seed coat. "We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile," said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher in Duke"s School of Nursing, who led the study. Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the cancer ceils in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group. But Wendy Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed. "It"s a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitely say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer," she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer. In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different doses of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were "moderately better" or "much better". Only 10 percent of those taking a 750mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency. It was powered and given in a capsule form. "I wouldn"t have predicted this, I have to admit," Davidson said in an interview. "We might want to test this in a large scale." The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants. A．The Motivation of Flaxseed Study B．The Study on Ginseng Displays Its Good Promise C．The Doctor"s Responsibilities Led them to Carry Out These Two Studies D．Ginseng Is as Good to Cancer Patients as Flaxseed E．The Methods and Results of the Study on Flaxseed F．A Different Opinion on the Use of Flaxseed

填空题 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 "Happy Birthday to You" The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristic: it won't stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal. One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} They are , after all, in competition with those produced by other countries. Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called "the spirit of America. " {{U}}(47) {{/U}}. The final theory is less complex : American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it. Regardless of why it spreads, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} "Happy Birthday to You," for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own. Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and sock which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. {{U}}(49) {{/U}}. The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock & roll and all its variations, country & western music , all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted. Often in America as well as being "low-class," and then as "a danger to our nation's youth. " {{U}}(50) {{/U}} And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back to the US. A. As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten. B. But this theory fails to explain why American films, music , and television programs are so popular in themselves. C. American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style. D. The BBC, for example, banned rock & roll until 1962. E. American food has become popular around the world, too. F. This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident, informal and disrespectful.

填空题Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of ______.

填空题How Much You Know About the Common Cold Many people catch a cold in the springtime or fall. It makes us wonder, if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can"t they find a cure for the common cold? The answer is easy. There are actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn"t a cure for each one. When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and cause a block in it. You feel terrible because you can"t breathe well, but your body is actually eating the virus. Your temperature goes up and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold virus. Different people have different cures for colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to make themselves feel better. Some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids (流汁). Other people take medicine to stop various symptoms (症状) of colds. There is one interesting thing to note. Some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn"t have a way to fight it and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. They can beat down the viruses by themselves. There is a joke, however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this: It takes about one week to get over a cold if you don"t take medicine, but it takes only seven days to get over a cold if you take medicine.

填空题Cancer patients may differ in their ________

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Many Benefit from Cancer Organization{{/B}} 1. Do you know a child who survived leukemia? Do you have a mother, sister or aunt whose breast cancer was found early thanks to a mammogram? Do you have a friend or coworker who quit smoking to reduce their risk of lung cancer? Each of these individuals benefited from the American Cancer Society's research program. 2. Each day scientists supported by the American Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take us one step closer to a cure. The American Cancer Society has long recognized that research holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. 3. As the largest source of nonprofit cancer research funds in the United States, the American Cancer Society devotes over $100 million each year to research. Since 1946, they've invested more than $2.4 billion in research. The investment has paid rich dividends: In 1946, only one in four cancer patients was alive five years after diagnosis; today 60 percent live longer than five years. 4. Investigators and health professionals in universities, research institutes and hospitals throughout the country receive grants from the American Cancer Society. Of the more than 1,300 new applications received each year, only 11 percent can be funded. If the American Cancer Society had more money available for research funding, nearly 200 more applications considered outstanding could be funded each year. 5. You can help fund more of these applications by participating in the American Cancer Society Relay for Life, a team event to fight cancer. More funding means more cancer breakthroughs and more lives being saved. To learn more, call Donna Hood, chair with the Neosho Relay for Life of the American Cancer Society at 451-4880.

填空题 Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim Women There is a range of reasons why thin women think they're too heavy, but the distorted body image may often have its roots in childhood, the results of a new study suggest. Researchers found that among more than 2,400 slim women they surveyed, nearly 10 percent thought they were too heavy. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} According to the study authors, led by Dr. Susanne Kruger Kjaer of the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, society's "ideal" female body is moving toward an underweight physique. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} To investigate body image among thin women, the researchers gave questionnaires to 2,443 women ages 27 to 38 whose body mass index was at the low end of normal. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} Overall, almost 10 percent of the women thought they were too heavy. Those who reported certain "severe life events" in childhood or adolescence, such as having a parent become ill or having their educational hopes dashed, were more likely than others to have a distorted body image. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} In contrast, traumatic events in adulthood, such as serious illness or significant marital problems, were not related to poor body image, the researchers report. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A. The same was true of 4 women who started having sex or drinking alcohol when they were younger than 15 years old. B. Experiences' in childhood, including having an ill parent, or starting to drink or have sex at a particularly young age, were among the risk factors for having a distorted body image. C. "Our results indicate that the risk of being dissatisfied with (one's) own body weight may be established early in life," Kjaer and her colleagues write. D. Research suggests that many normal-weight women wish to weigh less. E. If worries have altered your appetite or weight, it will help to talk to someone about it. F. The women were asked about factors ranging from childhood experiences to current exercise habits.

填空题A. before the cancer cells spread elsewhere B. the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have C. what is most responsible for lung cancer D. as some people imagine E. the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have F. which form of lung cancer is a common one

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} Animal Intelligence{{/B}} Are Animals intelligent? If they are, which animals are the most intelligent? These are not easy questions to answer. In the first place, no one is quite sure what intelligence is. We often say that intelligence means being able to solve problems. {{U}}(46) {{/U}}. For example, dogs and cats often find their way home from long distances. To do this they have to use their intelligence. They have to remember and think. But many birds find their way over long distances, too. They travel thousands of miles every year when they move from cool to warmer places. We do not know how they do this but we know that they do not use their intelligence. {{U}}(47) {{/U}}. Young birds are able to make these journeys without help as soon as they can fly. They are born with this ability. This is not intelligence. We call this 'instinct'. Often we cannot be sure whether an animal is acting intelligently or instinctively. When a dog hears a strange noise, it barks. This is instinct. It cannot stop itself from doing this. It does not really know why it is doing this. But supposing a house is on fire and the dog barks outside its master's bedroom until he wakes up, is the dog using its intelligence? {{U}}(48) {{/U}}. Often we cannot be sure. Many animals, however, can be taught to sole problems, especially when they are given rewards. Rats have been taught to press a lever to get food. Pigeons have been taught to peck a disc for the same reason. Even an octopus(章鱼) has been trained to know the difference between a square and an oblong (长方形)! Animals in circuses have been taught to do all sorts of tricks to amuse an audience. {{U}}(49) {{/U}}. It is saying, "if I do this, I will get a reward. Therefore I will do it." This may be thought of as a low kind of intelligence. Some animals, however, show a much higher kind of intelligence. They solve problems without any help. Chimpanzees, one of the ape family, are much more intelligent than other animals. A chimpanzee once did something even more intelligent. He did not have a stick. He had two short tubes. Neither of the tubes was long enough to reach the banana but one was wider than the other. He jammed the narrow tube inside the wider tube and in this way made one tube long enough to reach the banana {{U}}(50) {{/U}}.A Is it solving the problem by waking its master or is it simply barking instinctively because it is afraid?B Chimpanzees can solve certain problems without any help.C Some animals seem able to do this.D In all these cases we may say that an animal is using intelligence.E In other words, he did not simply use a tool, which itself is intelligent: he made a tool.F They do not remember places and directions and then make decisions.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Every Dog Has Its Say{{/B}} Kimiko Fukuda, a Japanese girl, always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup, it would pull at her sleeve.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}When the dog barks, she glances at a small electronic gadget (装置). The following "human" translation appears on its screen: "Please take me with you." "1 realized that's how he was feeling," said Fukuda. The gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.{{U}} (47) {{/U}} "Nobody else had thought about it," said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara. "We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understand dogs?" Bowlingual has two parts.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}The translation is done in the gadget using a database (资料库) containing every kind of bark. Based on animal behaviour research, these noises are divided into six categories: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}In this way, the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, which is then translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently, the dog barked a loud "bow wow". This is translated as "Don't come this way".{{U}} (50) {{/U}} The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120. It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.A．A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar, which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.B．Nobody really knows how a dog feels.C．It was followed by "I'm stronger than you" as the dog growled (嗥叫) and sniffed (嗅) at the visitor.D．More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.E．Now, the Japanese girl thinks she knows.F．Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like "Let's play", "Look at me", or "Spend more time with me".

填空题 Screen Test 1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey Australia, Canada, the U.S. and Spain, screen women under 50. 2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the U.N. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant" compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40% and 80% if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimize the technique" for breast cancer screening. 7. "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. "On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme." A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B. Investing the Effect of Screening C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E. Treatment of Cancers F. Factors That Trigger Cancers

填空题Acupuncture—Old Chinese Medicine For more than 4,000 years people in Asia have used acupuncture to treat illnesses. 1 Today acupuncture is also very popular in Europe, America and Australia. Acupuncture can control pain and sickness. It can also be used if you have a headache or back pain. Some doctors use acupuncture along with regular treatments for asthma, high blood pressure or stress. 2 Some people think that acupuncture can treat depression and even help people to stop smoking. Many patients feel more energy after a treatment, while others may feel more relaxed. People who practice acupuncture must take courses to learn how to do it correctly. 3 During treatment the patient lies down and needles are stuck into certain points of the body. There are hundreds of possible points and each one has a certain effect on the body. 4 For example, you stick a needle into the hand to treat problems with your stomach. Acupuncture needles are made of metal and about as thick as a human hair. They normally go less than one centimeter into the skin. When they are in the skin the acupuncturist may twist them or send electricity through them. The patients rest for a short time and then the needles are removed. Acupuncture normally doesn"t hurt. There is also a milder form of acupuncture called acupressure where you don"t need needles. Doctors use their fingers to press the points of the body. Chinese medicine teaches us that all acupuncture points are located along pathways called meridians. Each of these meridians carries energy, which the Chinese call "qi" to certain points of the body. If this "qi" gets blocked from an area the person will get sick or feel pain. Sticking needles into the correct points can help "qi" flow again and make the person well. Doctors today are not sure how acupuncture really works. They have not found any proof that these pathways of energy really exist. Some think that needles cause the body to produce pain killing substances. 5 Some also say that acupuncture only works because patients believe in it. A. Doctors have even used acupuncture to stop pain during an operation. B. Others think that the needles block pain signals that travel along the nerves to the brain. C. It is an old Chinese form of healing in which your skin is pierced with thin needles to relieve pain. D. In many places, especially outside of Asia, only doctors are allowed to perform acupuncture. E. The earliest written record of acupuncture is found in the Huangdi Neijing . F. The points can also be very far away from the place of pain.