单选题It's navel gazing time again, that stretch of the year when many of us turn our attention inward and think about how we can improve the way we live our lives. But as we embark on this annual ritual of introspection, we would do well to ask ourselves a simple question: Does it really do any good? The poet Theodore Roethke had some insight into the matter: "Self-contemplation is a curse that makes an old confusion worse. " As a psychologist, I think Roethke had a point, one that's supported by a growing body of controlled psychological studies. In a study I conducted with Dolores Kraft, a clinical psychologist, and Dana Dunn, a social psychologist, people in one group were asked to list the reasons their relationship with a romantic partner was going the way it was, and then rate how satisfied they were with the relationship. People in another group were asked to rate their satisfaction without any analysis; they just gave their gut reactions. It might seem that the people who thought about the specifics would be best at figuring out how they really felt, and that their satisfaction ratings would thus do the best job of predicting the outcome of their relationships. In fact, we found the reverse. It was the people in the "gut feeling" group whose ratings predicted whether they were still dating their partner several months later. As for the navel gazers, their satisfaction ratings did not predict the outcome of their relationships at all. Rather, too much analysis can confuse people about how they really feel. Self-reflection is especially problematic when we are feeling down. Research by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, a clinical psychologist at Yale University, shows that when people are depressed, ruminating on their problems makes things worse. For years it was believed that emergency workers like police officers and firefighters should undergo a debriefing process to focus on and relive their experiences: the idea was that this would make them feel better and prevent mental health problems down the road. But did it do any good? In an extensive review of the research, a team led by Richard McNally, a clinical psychologist at Harvard, concluded that debriefing procedures have little benefit and might even hurt by interrupting the normal healing process. People often distract themselves from thinking about painful events right after they occur, and this may be better than mentally reliving the events.

单选题Mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing ______ it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc. A. later B. before C. when D. if

单选题Today the public is much concerned about the way ______. A. nature is being ruined B. which nature is ruined C. on which to ruin nature D. of nature to be ruined

单选题The investigators have tried to identify the cause of the air crash one way or ______, but in vain.

单选题Conventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true. many of the developed world's environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants' well-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists' campaign against pollution in poor countries, they are often accused of naivety. Such countries, the critics say, have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty. But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are not about potential problems in the next century, but about indisputable harm being caused today by, above all, contaminated water and polluted air. The survey will argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm. In most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supply have failed to keep up with the number of extra people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water, and water contaminated by sewage is estimated to kill some 2 million children every year. Throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, forests are disappearing, causing not just long-term concern about climate change but also immediate economic damage. Forest fires in Indonesia in 1997 produced a huge blanket of smog that enveloped much of South-East Asia and kept the tourists away. It could happen again, and probably will. Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritation: it imposes a heavy economic cost. A World Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the country's GDP. Another study estimated the health costs of air pollution in Jakarta and Bangkok in the early 1990s at around 10% of these cities' income. These are no more than educated guesses, but whichever way the sums are done, the cost is not negligible.

单选题Gilbert Roberts was shocked because ______.

单选题I've attached my contact information in the recommendation letter ______you have further questions. A. for good B. in order C. for fear D. in case

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} The first rule of finance is to live within your means by spending no more than 80% of your take-home pay. If you take home $100 per week, spend no more than $ 80. But ever look at what people spend their money on? I have relatives and friends deeply in debt, spending $12 for every $10 they earn instead of the $ 8 you know they should be spending. When I see them, they're proud of their new whatever. "What do you think of my new truck?" asked one from the driver's seat. "Do you like my new shoes?" asked another on high heels. "Check out my new big screen," said a third while holding the remote in his living room. We've all heard people fishing for compliments on their new toys. Every one of them was proud of what they'd financed. They seem to have bought it for the purpose of being proud, of showing off, of keeping up with the Joneses. "Look at my new..." is everybody's favorite phrase, even when the object in question isn't theirs at all and won't be new when they've finally paid for it, if they ever do. They're proud of being stupid. They think it's cool to drive the financed car, wear the financed shoes, and watch the financed TV, but to smart people, whose opinions are the only ones we should respect, these people look dumb as rocks. The Joneses, nine times out of 10, are financially stupid. That's why they have all that stuff, on borrowed money, why try to copy them? Worse, why try to impress them? Copy and impress smart people, the ones who own their stuff. If you want to impress smart people, debt is the last way to go about it. Trying to impress a money-smart person by going into debt is like trying to impress Olympic swimming champion Michael Phelps by drowning in a pool. Michael Phelps is impressed by good swimming, and a money-smart person by good money management.

单选题The attitude of the writer toward euthanasia is ______.

单选题The environmental group hopes ______ the forest to its original condition by the end of the decade.

单选题Hardly had the minister finished his statement ______ several reporters raised their hands and put forward a string of questions. A. when B. as C. then D. than

单选题I understand your hobby is photography, and I've got a job that ______ interest you in my ad company. A. may B. can C. might D. could

单选题A: I'm dreadfully sorry, but I've burned a hole in the rug.B: ______. A. How did you burn it? With a cigarette end? B. Ok, why weren't you more careful? C. Oh, that's all right. D. I'm sorry to hear that. Is the rug very expensive?

单选题They can't help ______ of their daughter. A. think B. to think C. thinking D. thought

单选题Speaker A: I wish you wouldn't have your TV so loud. Speaker B: ______ A. I think so too. I will follow your advice. B. Sorry! Were you trying to sleep? C. Yes, I'm terribly sorry. I didn't mean to disturb your study. D. All right. I will turn it down.

单选题Besides being expensive, the food tastes ______. A. badly B. too much bad C. too badly D. bad

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted．Two distinct types are on the drawing board．The first is a special purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway (高速公路) capacity. Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the au to mated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp (入口引道). As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices in stalled on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a "transition" lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for auto mated traffic．[-The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers (非法进入者) could be swiftly identified by authorities. Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of new ly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had set tied into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.

单选题He was ______ from the competition because he had not complied with the rules. A. forbidden B. banished C. disqualified D. excused

单选题By the following semester, it is likely that the old professor ______ on the campus of California University for two decades. A. will have to be teaching B. will have been taught C. will have been teaching D. will be teaching

单选题Man: Uh...Uh, looks like I am going to be a little late for class. I hope Professor Clark doesn't start on time today. Woman: Are you kidding? You can set your watch by the time he starts his class. Question: What can be inferred about Professor Clark? A. He wants his students to be on time for class. B. He doesn't allow his students to tell jokes in class. C. He is always punctual for his class. D. He rarely notices which students are late.