单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. {{/I}}

单选题Our business partner in Beijing is friendly enough to offer me a car ______. A. to no avail B. on my own C. beyond my reach D. at my disposal

单选题Every language in the world has evolved slowly and constantly from an older form into a newer one. A. developed B. exhausted C. striven D. restored

单选题Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.

单选题They consider the need of individuals {{U}}subordinated{{/U}} to that of the community. A. less important B. more important C. inferior D. superior

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单选题 There was relatively little communication back and forth between colonies and homeland in the earliest days, and in consequence the majority of Americanisms were seldom if ever heard in England. By an unhappy chance the beginnings of more frequent intercourse coincided precisely with that rise of Parism in speech which marked the age of Queen Anne. The first Englishman to sound the alarm against Americanisms was one Francis Moor who visited Georgia with Oglethorpe in 1780. In Savannah, then a village but two years old, he heard the word bluff applied to a steep bank and was so unpleasantly affected by it that he denounced it as "barbarous." He was followed by a gradually increasing stream of other linguistic policemen, and by 1781 the Rev John Witherspoon, who had come out in 1769 to be president of Princeton, was printing a headlong attack upon American speech habits, not only on the level of the folk but also higher up indeed, clear to the top. "I have heard in this country," he wrote, "in the senate, and from the pulpit, and see daily in dissertations from the press, errors in grammar, improprieties, and vulgarisms which hardly any person of the same class in point of rank and literature would have fallen into in Great Britain." Withers poon's attack made some impression but only in academic circles. The generality of Americans, insofar as they heard of it at all dismissed its author as a mere Englishman (he was actually a Scotsman), and hence somehow inferior and ridiculous. The former colonies were now sovereign states, and their somewhat cocky citizens thought that they were under no obligation to heed admonitions from a defeated and effete empire 3,000 miles across the sea. Even before the Declaration of Independence the anonymous author, suppose to have been John Adams, proposed formally that an American Society of Language be set up to "polish" the American language on strictly American principles, and on Sept. 30, 1780, Adams wrote and signed a letter to the president of Congress renewing this proposal. "Let it be carried out." he said, "and England will never more have any honor, excepting now and then that of imitating the Americans." He was joined in 1789 by the redoubtable Noah Webster, who predicted the rise in the new Republic of a "language as different from the future language of England as the modern Dutch, Danish, and Swedish are from the German, or from one another." The English reply to such contumacy was a series of blasts that continued in dreadful fray for a whole generation and then abated to a somewhat milder bombardment that goes on to this day. From 1,785 to 1,815 the English quarterly reviewers, then at the height of their power, denounced all Americanisms in a really frantic manner, the good along with the bad. When Thomas Jefferson, in 1,787, ventured to use the verb to belittle in his Notes on Virginia, he was dealt with as if he had committed some nefarious and ignoble act. "Freely, good Sir," roared the European Magazine and London Review, "will we forgive all your attacks, impotent as they are illiberal, upon our national character; but for the future-oh spare, we beseech you, our mother tongue!" All the other American writers of the ensuing quarter century were similarly belabored-among them, John Marshall, Noah Webster, Joel Barlow, and John Quincy Adams. Even Washington got a few licks-for using to derange. But the Yankee, between the two wars with England, was vastly less susceptible to English precept and example that he is today, and the thundering of the reviewers did not stay the hatching of Americanisms. On the contrary, it seems to have stimulated the process.

单选题Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Many people invest in the stock market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I know from personal experience how difficult this really is. For more than a year, I was {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a day investing in the market. It seemed so easy, I dreamed of {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}my job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world. But these dreams came to a sudden and dramatic end when a stock I {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}, Texas cellular pone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}a one year period. On the worst day, it plunged by more than $15 a share. There was a rumor the company was exaggerating sales figures. That was when I learned how quickly Wall Street punishes companies that misrepresent the {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} In a panic, I sold all my stock in the company, paying off margin debt with cash advances from my credit card. Because I owned so many shares, I {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}a small fortune, half of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a winner, the next, a loser. This one big loss was my first lesson in the market. My father was a stockbroker, as was my grandfather {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}him.(In fact, he founded one of Chicago's earliest brokerage firms.) But like so many things in life, we don't learn anything until we experience it for ourselves. The only way to really understand the inner {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the stock market is to invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. It's when all your stocks are losing and everyone is questioning your stock-picking {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market.

单选题Questions 10 through 12 are based on the following conversation between a scientist and an interviewer.

单选题I tried to talk my daughter into dining out in a nearby restaurant that evening, but {{U}}in vain{{/U}}. A. to my surprise B. on her own C. to no effect D. to some extent

单选题Children of parents who did not go to university are probably more reluctant to ______ secondary education than those who did. A. put in B. fill in C. check in D. enroll in

单选题 Last month, the public address system at Earl's Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: "Stand back or the train will run you over." "Don't lean on the doors." "Stand back from the opening doors." "Do this." "Don't do that." Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I'm continually bombarded by notices on car walls. "Please take your feet off the seat." "Please turn down your personal stereo." And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: "School. Slow down!" The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are low, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves. Britain didn't use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warning on screen before we settled down to watch. "Don't," it said, "make noises." In those days, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman's breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table. There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances. I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them more bossy. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区的教发) what to do. My local government isn't the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.

单选题WhyisthemuseumgoingtoshowtheHopediamondwithoutitsusualsetting?A.Becausethesmalldiamondsintheoldsettingareofdifferentcolor.B.Becausethesettinghasbeendamaged.C.Becausetheywantpeopletoseeitinitsnaturalbeauty.D.Becausethestyleofthesettingistooold.

单选题Passage Five Is it possible to be both fat and fit--not just fit enough to exercise, but fit enough to live as long as someone a lot lighter? Not according to a 2004 study from the Harvard School of Public Health which looked at 115,000 nurses aged between 30 and 55. Compared with women who were both thin and active, obese (overweight) but active women had a mortality rate that was 91% higher. Though far better than the inactive obese (142% higher), they were still worse off than the inactive lean (5% higher). A similar picture emerged in 2008 after researchers examined 39,000 women with an average age of 54. Compared with active women of normal weight, the active but overweight were 54% more likely to develop heart disease. That's settled, then. Or is it? Steven Blair, a professor of exercise science at the University of South Carolina, describes the official focus on obesity as an "obsession ... and it's not grounded in solid data". Blair's most fascinating study, in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2007, took 2,600 people aged 60 and above, of various degrees of fatness, and tested their fitness on the exercise device, rather than asking them to quantify it themselves. This is an unusually rigorous approach, he claims, since many rival surveys ask participants to assess their own fitness, or ignore it as a factor altogether. "There is an 'association' between obesity and fitness," he agrees, "but it is not perfect. As you progress towards overweight, the percentage of individuals who are fit does go down. But here's a shock: among class Ⅱ obese individuals [with a body mass index between 35 and 39.9], about 40% or 45% are still fit. You simply cannot tell by looking whether someone is fit or not. When we look at these mortality rates in fat people who are fit, we see that the harmful effect of fat just disappears: their death rate during the next decade is half that of the normal weight people who are unfit." One day--probably about a hundred years from now--this fat-but-fit question will be answered without the shadow of a doubt. In the meantime, is there anything that all the experts agree on? Oh yes: however much your body weighs, you'll live longer if you move it around a bit.

单选题The progress of science depends largely on the interactions within the scientific ______. A. community B. neighborhood C. federation D. integration

单选题The girl fresh from college finally received a job ______ she had been expecting. A. request B. plea C. suggestion D. offer

单选题The sad truth is that ecosystems are ______ fragile and intensely complicated. A. inherently B. humbly C. cautiously D. industriously

单选题 Passage Four It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheels. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign; otherwise it may get completely out of hand. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the vast coolheaded and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to follow traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies. A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can't even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roads man ship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

单选题This old man had trouble expressing the {{U}}attachment{{/U}} he felt when arriving at his native town. A. hospitality B. affection C. appeal D. frustration

单选题The amount of home assignments normally {{U}}diminishes{{/U}} towards the end of the semester. A. decreases B. improves C. mounts D. fluctuates