单选题Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. E-commerce has revolutionized the way business is done in today's market. However, customers are at {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}of purchasing false products or poor quality items. Many {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}the distance between customers and send the wrong goods and lure clients to buy goods recommended as great {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}, but when customers receive these items, they find themselves falling into traps. Many dangers, {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}by the obscurity of e-commerce, involve the products and the electronic transaction. From the buyer's {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, dangers include purchasing products not measuring {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}what was previously advertised in the website. Another risk is identity theft. Since electronic transactions are needed to complete the purchase, hackers may acquire {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}information about the user to make other purchases. There are still honest businesses that sell their products and services but gain a very small profit by {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}the prices of their products because they have a lot of competition in the Internet. That is {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}one of the hazards of e-commerce that should be considered is the bankruptcy of businesses since profit is low if they need {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}their goods as cheaply as possible.

单选题The age of other trees is variously estimated as ______ from two hundred to eight hundred years.

单选题This study involves monitoring the sleep ______ of 100 mentally healthy people aged 45 to 80. A. rules B. orders C. characters D. patterns

单选题People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses (41) to learn new work-related skills to move their career in a new direction. "Evening classes are a great way of (42) your skills or gaining new ones," says Jessica Rolphe, training and development adviser at the U-K's Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. In some (43) , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other (44) photographers and realized it was a great networking (45) . "I discovered that a colleague from work was doing the same course and we became great friends. We (46) doing a millennium exhibition together." Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of fashion and (47) . However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be sure that it will (48) what they want before enrolling. "Do your research (49) advance," advises Rolphe. "'Make sure you are doing a course that really is (50) and that the institute you are doing it at is highly respected./

单选题 Passage Three Femininity, in essence, is a romantic sentiment, a nostalgic tradition of imposed limitations. Even as it hurries forward in the 1980s, putting on lipstick and high heels to appear well dressed, it trips on the ruffled petticoats and hoopskirts of an era gone by. Invariably and necessarily, femininity is something that women had more of in the past, not only in the historic past of prior generations, but in each woman's personal past as well in the virginal innocence that is replaced by knowledge, in the dewy cheek that is coarsened by age, in the "inherent nature" that a woman seems to misplace so forgetfully whenever she steps out of bounds. But biological femaleness is not enough. Femininity always demands more. It must constantly reassure its audience by a willing demonstration of difference, even when one does not exist in nature, or it must seize and embrace a natural variation and compose a rhapsodic symphony upon the notes. To fail at the feminine difference is to appear not to care about men, and to risk the loss of their attention and approval. To be insufficiently feminine is viewed as a failure in core sexual identity, or as a failure to care sufficiently about oneself, for a woman found wanting will be appraised (and will appraise herself) as mannish or simply unattractive, as men have defined these terms. We are talking, admittedly, about a graceful feeling. Enormous pleasure can be extracted from feminine pursuits as a creative outlet or purely as relaxation; indeed, indulgence for the sake of fun, or art, or attention, is among femininity's great joys. But the chief attraction is the competitive advantage that femininity seems to promise in the endless struggle to survive, and perhaps to triumph. The world smiles favorably on the feminine woman: it extends little courtesies and minor privilege. Yet the nature of this competitive advantage is ironic, at best, for one works at femininity by accepting restrictions, by limiting one's sights, by choosing an indirect route, by scattering concentration and not giving one's all as a man would to his own interests. It does not require a great leap of imagination for a woman to understand the feminine principle as a grand collection of compromises, large and small, that she simply must make in order to render herself a successful woman. If she has difficulty in satisfying femininity's demands, if its illusions go against her grain, or if she is criticized for her shortcomings and imperfections, the more she will see femininity as a desperate strategy of consolation, a strategy she may not have the wish or the courage to abandon, for failure looms in either direction. It is fashionable in some quarters to describe the feminine and masculine principles as polar ends of the human continuum, and to represent that both polarities exist in all people. Sun and moon, yin and yang, soft and hard, active and passive, etc., may indeed be opposites, but a linear continuum does not illuminate the problem. (Femininity, in all its contrivances, is a very active endeavor.) What, then, is the basic distinction? The masculine principle is better understood as a driving ethos of superiority designed to inspire straightforward, confident success, while the feminine principle is composed of vulnerability, the need for protection, the formalities of obedience and the avoidance of conflicting, in short, an appeal of dependence and good will that gives the masculine principle its romantic validity and its admiring applause. Femininity pleases men because it makes them appear more masculine by contrast; and, in truth, conferring an extra portion of unearned gender distinction on men, an unchallenged space in which do breathe freely and feel stronger, wiser, more competent, is femininity's special gift. One could say that masculinity is often an effort to please women, but masculinity is known to please by displays of mastery and competence while femininity pleases by suggesting that these concerns, except in small matters, are beyond its intent. Whimsy, unpredictability and patterns of thinking and behavior that are dominated by emotion, such as tearful expressions of sentiment and fear, are thought to be feminine precisely because they lie outside the established route to Success.

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单选题Regular exercise can keep you energetic and contribute to a productive life in the long run. A. athletically B. successively C. ultimately D. persistently

单选题 Passage One Did your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today's students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK. The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers. The first year's findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students' approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didn't (first-generation applicants). First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave "to enable me to get a good job" as their main reason for choosing {{U}}HE{{/U}}. And 37 percent said that a degree was "part of my career plan". A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses. At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice. "Medicine is one of those fields where it's pretty likely you'll get a job at the end. That's a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening," she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile. For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. "But, for those without the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices," the survey concludes.

单选题Heavy ______ to environmental tobacco smoke at work has been shown to double the risk of lung cancer. A. touch B. contact C. exposure D. encounter

单选题As the elevator is ______, you have to walk upstairs to my office.

单选题Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a______. A. scarcity B. minority C. minimum D. shortage

单选题 They are regarded as chores by both sexes, but fall disproportionately on only one. The latest survey of time use in America suggests women still shoulder most of the housework, spending on average an hour a day, compared with barely 20 minutes for the unfairer sex. Standard explanations for this division of labor rest on the pay gap between the sexes. A recent report shows women still earn about 20% less than men in America. But in a new paper, Leslie Stratton of Virginia Commonwealth University asks whether different attitudes to housework also play a role in sharing the dusting. Ms. Stratton draws on data from the 2000—2001 Time Use Survey in Britain, which shows how people spent their day and which tasks they enjoyed. Attitudes certainly differed: women disliked laundry less than men; ironing was extremely dreaded by both; strangely large numbers of both sexes liked shopping for food. Ms. Stratton found some evidence for the pay-gap hypothesis. Women with higher wages did a little less work at home. A woman who earned 10% more than average escaped doing two minutes' housework per weekday. Her partner heroically made up this time at the weekend. But his wages made no difference to the extent of his efforts around the house. The major determinant of how much housework a man did was how much he disliked it. Men who liked housework spent around 60% more time per weekday on it than those who were indifferent to it. Women's preferences seemed to have no effect on the time they spent on chores. One way to reduce the burden for both is to get help, although again the rewards are unevenly spread. He got away with 43% less housework at weekends, and she did 17% less. Almost all the extra housework generated by children was taken on by the woman. As children get older the weekday burden falls, but weekend time rises—and still comes mainly from her. There is truth in the idea that chores go to the lower-paid partner. But cause and effect are unclear. Do women do more because of lower pay, or might their careers suffer from a disproportionate burden at home? Evidence that only men's preferences seem to matter suggests the latter explanation should not be swept under the carpet.

单选题Health care providers wish to improve their ______ through regular continuing education.

单选题It's ______ the judge to decide whether her prison sentence should be reduced. A. close to B. up to C. next to D. as to

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单选题 The English-speaking world does not look kindly on straw. Grasping at straws, straw-man arguments, the last straws and the straws that break so many camels' backs all demonstrate that. There is also a tale that straw is the worst material from which to build a house, particularly if you are a pig with a hungry wolf around. So the cards were stacked against Warren Brush when local officials learned that he had several buildings made of straw bales (大捆) on his land. They have tried to fine him. A lot. But the case is still unresolved. The problem is that California's building codes make no provision for the use of straw. And Mr. Brush has many defenders—among them several university scientists and David Eisenberg, chairman of the United States Green Building Council's code committee. They would like to see the prejudice against straw houses eliminated, for straw is, in many ways, an ideal building material. It is, for one thing, a great insulator. That keeps down the heating bills in houses made from it. It is also a waste product that would otherwise be burned, and is therefore cheap. And—very much to the point in a place like California—it is earthquake-resistant. Last year a test conducted at the University of Nevada showed that straw-bale constructions could withstand twice the amount of ground motion recorded in the Northridge earthquake that hit Los Angeles in 1994. California, of course, is already thoroughly earthquake-proofed. But straw buildings might do well in quake-prone places that are less wealthy. After a strong earthquake struck Pakistan in 2005, Darcey Donovan, a structural engineer from Truckee, California, set up a not-for-profit straw-bale-construction operation that has since built 17 houses there. There are, as it were, other straws in the wind: a post office in suburban Albuquerque, a Quaker school in Maryland, an office complex in suburban Los Angeles and an urban-renewal project in Binghamton, New York, have all been built from straw. Even California is having a rethink, and may change its rules to accommodate straw-bale construction. As Mr. Eisenberg observes, "the lesson of the Three Little Pigs isn't to avoid straw. It's that you don't let a pig build your house."

单选题A college education is more likely to give you the chance to live {{U}}fulfilling{{/U}} lives. A. deteriorating B. forbidding C. demanding D. rewarding

单选题The intimate relationship between human beings and speech is not {{U}}restricted{{/U}} to sound. A. ascribed B. confined C. subjected D. related

单选题 Nutrients are the parts of food that are important for life and health. Nutrients are important for three reasons. First, some nutrients provide fuel for energy. Second, some nutrients build and repair body tissues. Third, some nutrients help control different processes of the body like the absorption of minerals and the clotting of blood. Scientists think there are 40 to 50 nutrients. These nutrients are divided into five general groups: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins. The first group of nutrients is carbohydrates. There are two kinds of carbohydrates: starches and sugars. Bread, potatoes, and rice are starches. They have many carbohydrates. Candy, soft drinks, jelly, and other foods with sugar also have carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are important because they provide the body with heat and energy. Sugar, for instance, is 100 percent energy. It has no other food value. Sugar does not build body tissues or control body processes. If there are too many carbohydrates in the body, they are stored as body fat. The body stores fuel as fat. There are two types of fats: animal and vegetable. Butter, cream, and the fat in bacon are animal fats. Olive oil, corn oil, and peanut oil are vegetable fats. The body has fat under the skin and around some of the organs inside. The average adult has 10 to 11 kilograms (20 to 25 pounds) of body fat. If adults eat too many carbohydrate and fats, they can add another 45 kilograms (100 pounds) to their bodies. Fat is extra fuel. When the body needs energy, it changes the fat into carbohydrates. The carbohydrates are used for energy. Fat also keeps the body warm. The third group of nutrients is proteins. The word "protein" comes from a Greek word that means "of first importance". Proteins are "of first importance" because they are necessary for life. Proteins are made of amino acids, which build and repair body tissue. They are an important part of all the muscles, organs, skin, and hair. The body has 22 different amino acids. Nutritionists call eight of these amino acids essential because the body does not manufacture them. There are two kinds of proteins: complete proteins and incomplete proteins. Complete proteins, which the body needs for growth, have all the essential amino acids. Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, and cheese have complete proteins. The body needs complete proteins every day. Incomplete proteins do not have all the essential amino acids. The proteins in vegetables and grains, for instance, are incomplete proteins. Two ways to form complete proteins from incomplete proteins are: (1) to mix vegetables and grains correctly, or (2) to add a small amount of meat or milk to a large amount of grains. The body can then use the complete proteins which result from the mixtures. Extra protein in the body can be changed to fat and stored as body fat. It can also be changed to carbohydrates and used for energy. If people do not eat enough carbohydrates and fats for the energy that they need, their body uses proteins for energy. Then the body does not have the proteins that it needs to build and repair tissues. A nutritious diet includes carbohydrates and fats for energy, and proteins for growth.

单选题 Justin was always prepared. His motto was "Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy." His bedroom was so full of fiat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets, deflated basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents {{U}}pleaded{{/U}} with him to clean out his room. "What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?" his father asked. But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto, "Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy." When Justin was away from home, he always carried his blue backpack. He liked to think of it as a smaller version of his bedroom--a place to store the many objects that he collected. It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore. It was full of the kind of things that seemed unimportant, but when used with a little imagination, might come in handy. Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem. On the first day of school, his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin. "Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?" he asked. "I lost the scrap of paper it was written on. I have science class in two minutes and if I'm late on the first day it'll make me look bad for the rest of the year." Kenny looked genuinely worried. "Relax," Justin said, taking his backpack off and unzipping the top. "Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the combination down? Well, I know how we can recover what you wrote." He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faint indentations (印凹痕 ) on another page in the notebook. Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the indentations. Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencil rubbings. "That's amazing!" Kenny said. "I owe you one." And he dashed off to open his locker.