阅读理解Passage2Questions16—20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Foremployers,thepolicyoflifelongemploymentisparticularlyimportantbecauseitmeansthattheycanputmoneyandeffortintotheirstafftrainingandmakethemloyaltothecompany.(66)Whattheydoistoselect(挑选)youngpeoplewhohavepotentialandwhocanbetrained.Theythengivetheyoungpeoplethekindsofskillsthatwillmakethemsuitableemployeesforthecompany.Inotherwords,theyadjusttheirtrainingtotheirparticularneeds.Onerecentlyemployedgraduatesaysthatsheisreceivingagreatdealofvaluabletrainingfromthecompany.ThismeansthatIwillbealoyalemployee,shesays.Anditalsomeansthatthecompanywillwanttokeepme.Iamanimportantinvestmentforthem.Sothepolicyisagoodonebecauseitbenefitsboththeemployerandtheemployee.”Recently,however,attitudestowardslifelongemploymentarebeginningtochange.Employeesareslowlybeginningtoaccepttheideathatlifelongemploymentisnotalwaysintheirbestinterestandthatchangingfirmscanhavecareeradvantages.

阅读理解Passage2Angerisanemotionthatcanbehardtocontrol.Despitethis,weshouldlearnhowtomanageouranger.Inthemostintensemomentsofanger,weusuallyhavetwochoices—tofightortorun.Somechooseviolence,whichisanegativereactiontoanger;otherschoosetorun.Buttheoptionofwalkingawayandcalmingdownisamoreproductivemethodofhandlinganger.However,itisverydifficulttowalkaway,especiallywhenyourheartisracing,andyourangerisboilingover.Therearesomeotherconstructivewaysofhandlingangerinanysituation.First,youhavetostopforabriefmomentandthinkbeforeyouact.Takethatmomenttocalmdownifyoufeelangry.Atthatmomentyoushouldadmityouareangry.Ifyourefusetoadmityouareangryorhurt,orifyoumakeitappearthateverythingisallright,youarenotmanagingyourangerinaproductiveway.Youshouldfirstadmityouareangryandletyourfeelingsoutbeforeyoublowup.Forexample,youcanstayinaquietplacebyyourselfandshout,oryoucantalktoclosefriendstopouroutyourrage(暴怒).Ifyoudonotacknowledgeyouranger,itwillonlybuildupinsideyouandeventuallyexplodelikeavolcano.Then,inordertomanageyouranger,youcanaskyourselfanimportantquestionthatweallmusttaskourselves—Whatmademeangry?Whenyougettheanswer,thenaskyourself—Whydidthatmakemeangry?Throughsuchlogicalreasoning,onetendstocalmdownandmovetowardsasensiblesolution.

阅读理解Passage1Questions11—15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inbasketball,itsessentialthateveryplayermasterswhatscommonlycalledthetriple-threatposition(三重威胁姿势).Itswhenabasketballplayersbodyisinapositionmaximizingtheplayerschanceofscoring,passing,ordribbling.Similarly,itsalsourgentthatcollegescreatetheirownversionoftriple-threatgraduatesatatimewhenhighereducationismoreneededthanever,thoughitsvalueisbeingmorequestioned.Sowhatsatriple-threatgraduate?Itsagraduatewholeavescollegewithabroadeducationintheformofabachelorsdegree,andhasthesecriticalelements:engagementinseverallong-termprojects,extensiveworkexperienceandanindustry-recognizedcertificate.Whatsmore,thesehavetoshowupontheresume,clearlyvisibletothegraduateandpotentialemployers.Highereducationhaslongreliedonveryinspiringandworthypromisesforgraduatessuchascreatingengagedcitizens,criticalthinkersandlife-longlearners.Theproblemisthathighereducationhasstruggledtoproduceevidencethatthesegoalsarebeingachieved.Atriple-threatgraduateframeworkissimpletounderstandandhighlymeasurable.Itmatchesneatlywiththeconceptualgoalsofproducingengagedcitizens,criticalthinkers,andlife-longlearners.Itcanbecomeasolidthree-leggedchaironwhichhighereducationcanclearlydefineitsvalue-proposition(价值主张)inaworldofincreasinglydemandingrequirements.Whatshouldcollegesdotoensurethattheyareproducingtriple-threatgraduates?First,theinternship(实习),andco-operationshouldbeestablishedaspartofgraduaterequirements.Universitiesneedtohavetheproperinfrastructuretosupportthis.Second,universitiesneedtocarefullycheckalltheircoursestoidentifythosethatinvolvelong-termprojects.Andthentheseprojectsneedtobenotedinordertoencouragestudentstohighlightthemonresumes.Finally,universitiesneedtoaddamenuofindustry-recognizedqualificationsduringthecourseoftheirstudentsbachelorsdegreepursuit.Whetherdoneduringsummersessionsorwovenintoexistingcourses,therearemanyopportunitiestohelpstudentsaddthistotheirexperiences.

阅读理解Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks

阅读理解Fillingincompanyapplicationformscanbecomeaboringandrepetitivetask,yetanycarelessnessonanapplicantspartcandrawanegativereactionfromreaders.Eachcompanyororganizationusuallyusesitsownspeciallydesignedformthat,althoughitgenerallyasksforthesamebasicinformation,mayvaryindetail.Consequentlythesuggestionsbelowapplymainlytotheapproachyoushouldtakeratherthansuggestwhatyoushouldwrite.—Whenvisitingfutureemployers,alwayscarryyourpersonaldatarecordwithyousothatyoucanreadilysearchfordetailssuchasdates,telephonenumbers,andotherusefulinformation.—Treateveryapplicationformasthoughitisthefirstoneyouarecompleting.Writecarefullyandneatly.—Usewordsthatdescribetheresponsibilityanddifferentaspectsofeachjobyouhaveheldratherthanlistonlythedutiesyouperformed.—Particularlydescribesocialactivitiesthatshowyourinvolvementinthecommunity,oractivitiesinwhichyouheldateachingorcoachingrole.—Payparticularattentionifthereisasectionontheformthatasksyoutocommentonhowyoureducationandpastexperiencehaveespeciallypreparedyoufortheposition.—Thinkthisthroughverycarefullybeforeyouwritesothatwhatyousayshowsanaturalprogressionfrompastexperiencetothejobyouareapplyingfor.Ifyoucan,andiftheyfitnaturally,addafewwordstodemonstratehowthepositionfitsyouroverallcareerplan.

阅读理解Manypeoplewanttoknowhowtoanalyzepeopletheymeet.Therearesixstagesin21aproblem.Firstthepersonmust22________thatthereisaproblem.Forexample,Samsbicycleisbroken,andhecannotrideittoclassasheusuallydoes.Sammustseethatthereisaproblemwithhisbicycle.Nextthethinkermustdefinetheproblem.BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustfindthe23________whyitdoesnotwork.Forinstance,hemustdetermineiftheproblemiswiththegears,thebrakes,ortheframe.Hemustmakehisproblemmorespecific.Nowthepersonmustlookfor24________thatwillmaketheproblemclearerandleadtopossiblesolutions.Forinstance,supposeSamdecidesthathisbikedoesnotworkbecausethereissomethingwrongwiththegearwheels.Atthistime,hecanlookuphisbicyclerepairbookandreadaboutgears.Hecantalktohisfriendsatthebikeshop.Afterstudyingtheproblem,thepersonshouldhaveseveralsuggestionsforapossible25________.TakeSamasan26________.Hissuggestionsmightbe:putoilonthegearwheels;buynewgearwheelsandreplacetheoldones;tightenorloosenthegearwheels.Eventuallyonesuggestionseemstobethesolutiontotheproblem.Sometimesthefinalidea27________verysuddenlybecausethethinkersuddenlyseessomethingneworseessomethinginanewway.Sam,forexample,suddenlyseesthatthereisapieceofchewinggumbetweenthegearwheels.Heimmediately28________thesolutiontohisproblem:hemustcleanthegearwheels.Finally,thesolutionis29________.Samcleansthegearwheelsandfindsthatafterwardshisbicycleworksperfectly.Inshort,hehas30________theproblem.

阅读理解Believe it or not, some people get paid—and

阅读理解Passage1Questions11—15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thosedaysofsucking(吮吸)upthesidesofyourrapidlymeltingicecreammaysoonbeover.Researchershavediscoveredanaturalproteinthatcouldbeaddedtoeveryonesfavoritesummertimesnacktokeepitsolidforlonger,accordingtoapressreleasefromtheUniversityofEdinburginScotland.Mostpeopleknowthat,atitsmostbasic,icecreamismadeofmilkandsugar.Butithasotheringredientsthatgiveitasolidconsistency(黏稠度)—afat(oftenoil),airbubbles,andicecrystals.Theproteinthattheresearchersdiscovered,calledBsIA,coatsallthreeofthemtoslowdowntherateatwhichtheicemeltsandtheairescapes.Inonestudyoftheprotein,publishedearlierthisyear,theresearcherscallBsIAaraincoatthatcanactasafilmtokeepeverythinginsideitforjustalittlelonger.Thatsamequalitypreventsbigpiecesoficecrystalsfromforming,whichcanhappenifyouleaveicecreaminthefridgefortoolong.BsIAisfoundinbacteriacalledBacillussubtilisthatiscommoninsoil,andisalreadypresentinsomefoods.Soaddingtheproteintoicecreamwouldntbringthesamesortsoflong-termhealthconcernsaswouldartificialingredients(人造添加剂).TheresearchersnotethatproducerscouldalsoaddBsIAtoicecreamtoreducetheirfatandsugarcontent.ThoughtheresearchershavepublishedtwopapersaboutBsIAandhavetesteditinthelab,theyarestayingquietonthemostrecentdatatheycollected,astheWashingtonPostnotes.Importantly,theresearchersmakenomentionabouthowthenewingredientmightaffecticecreamstasteorhowmuchwemightenjoyeatingit.Whatsthegoodoflong-lastingicecreamifyoudontevenlikeit?Butitmightnotbetoolongbeforeyoucan

阅读理解Telephone, television, radio, and the

阅读理解Passage2Questions16—20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Artiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobetheeasysubjectatschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledontjustwantmaterialthingsanymore;theywanttoexperiencelife—theartsareaperfectcrossover(交叠)betweencultureandcommerce.Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanationsexperience.Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeopleswellbeing.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.

阅读理解A．我们要坚决改善社会治安，治理脏乱环境，创建更多的文明城镇。

阅读理解Not everyone in the world requires the same

阅读理解I lose so many things that I am sure they

阅读理解Passage2Manypeoplebelievethatteachingchildrenmusicmakesthemsmarter,betterabletolearnnewthings.Buttheorganizersofanewstudysaytheresnoscientificevidencethatearlymusicaltrainingaffectstheintelligenceofyoungpeople.Anestimated80percentofAmericanadultsthinkmusiclessonsimprovechildrensabilitytolearnandtheirperformanceinschool.Theysaythatthesatisfactionfromlearningtoplayanewsonghelpsachildexpresscreativity.ResearchersatHarvardUniversity,however,havefoundthattheresonethingmusicaltrainingdoesnotdo.Theysayitdoesnotmakechildrenmoreintelligent.SamuelMehr,agraduatestudentatHarvardsSchoolofEducation,saiditiswrongtothinkthatlearningtoplayamusicalinstrumentimprovesachildsintellectualdevelopment.Hesaystheevidencecomesfromstudiesthatmeasuredthementalabilityoftwogroupsof4-year-oldsandtheirparents.Onegroupattendedmusicclass,theotherwenttoaclassthatplacesimportanceonthevisualarts—artsthatcanbeseen.Theevidencethereisno.Wefoundnoevidenceforanyadvantageonanyofthesetestsforthekidsparticipatinginthesemusicclasses,saidMehr.Therewasnoevidencethatthemusicaltraininggroupdidmuchbetteronthementaltasksthantheothergroup.Theresearchersconfirmedtheresultswithalargegroupofchildrenandtheirparents.Mr.Mehrsaysmusiclessonsmaynotofferchildrenafastandeasywaytogainentrytothebestschoolslateroftheirlife.Buthesaysthetrainingisstillimportantforculturalreasons.Inhiswords,weteachmusicbecausemusicisimportantforus.

阅读理解Passage2PerhapsthegreatestchangetheworldhasseeninmoderntimeshasbeentheriseoftheInternet.Itshardtodenythepositivechangesitaddstopeopleslives.TheInternetallowspeopletohavequickaccesstoonlinemapsandonlinestores.Asatool,itsagreatwaytokeepintouchwithfriendsanditoffersawealthofnewssources.Likeanytechnology,though,ithasnegativeeffectsthatbecomeclearaswestarttodependuponit.Likepollutionandtrafficjamsthatcomewiththeconvenienceofcars,theInternetissopopularthatithasgivenrisetoanewkindofsocialepidemic—Internetaddiction.Therearemanystoriesofexcellentstudentswholosttheiruniversityscholarshipsbecauseofpoorgrades,whichweresimplybecausetheyhadspenttoomuchtimeonline.Thesethingshappentothestudentsbecauseofaddiction.Collegefreshmenaremostatriskfromtheseeffectsbecausetheyarejustenteringaworldwheretheironlinehabitsarenolongermonitoredbyconcernedparents.Withoutthedisciplineofhome,studentshavetomanagetimebythemselves.SonoticeifyoufindyouarethinkingabouttheInternetevenwhenyourenotonline,orifyoupreferyouronlinetimetotimewithyourreal-lifefriends.Ifyoufindyourselfdoingthesethings,takeastepback.Lookforotherwaystoenjoyyourlife.TheInternetisapowerfultool,butmakesurethatyouuseitwiselytobenefitfromitandthatyouwontmakeagoodthingbecomesomethingbad.

阅读理解Passage1AlbertEinsteinwasborninGermanyin1879.Inhisearlychildhoodhewasveryslowtolearntotalkanddidntseemtobeverybright.Butbythetimehewas14,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathfromtextbooks.Bythenhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup—aphysicist.TheEinsteinsdidnthavesomuchmoneytopayfortheadvancededucationthatyoungAthertneeded.ButhisfamilytriedtheirbesttosendhimtoatechnicalschoolandlatertotheuniversityinSwitzerland.Aftergraduation,hewenttowork,firstasateacher,andtheninagovernmentoffice.WiththepaythathereceivedhewasabletogoonwithhisschoolingattheUniversityofZurich,wherehereceivedadoctorsdegreein1905.ThiswasthefirsttimethathehadbeguntheresearchwhichlaterledtohisfamousTheoryofRelativity.Astimewenton,Einsteinstheoryprovedtobecorrectandby1914hehadbecomeoneofthemostfamousmenintheworld.HisworkwasstoppedbytheFirstWorldWar.Thewarmadehimquitesad.Helostinterestinmuchofhisresearch.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.HewontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921.In1940,EinsteinbecameanAmericancitizen.HelivedtherestofhislifeintheUnitedStates.Besideshisworkinphysics,hespentmuchtimeworkingforhumanrightsandprogress.HediedintheUnitedStatesin1955.

阅读理解Itiscommonfornewstudentstosharearoomwithotheruniversitystudents.Thenumberofroommateswilldependupontheuniversity,butwillrange21________fromonetothree.Themost22________settingisfortwostudentstoshareoneroom.Theroomwillhavebeds,desks,closetsandstoragecompartmentsforpersonalitems.Thefurnishingswillbeplainbutadequate.Akeyto23________inyourstudiesisagoodunderstandingandapositiverelationshipwithyourroommate.Youwillneedtolearnyourroommates24________andactivitiesinordertohaveapositiveexperiencefromthebeginning.Yourroommatemaybecomeyourclosefriendoryoumaynotspendmuchtimetogether.Italldependsonyouandyourroommate.Respectyourroommatespossessionsandprivacyand25________yourroommatetodothesameforyou.Someroommatesarevery26________andsomearenot.Agoodruletogo27________isIfyouvaluesomething,keepitoutofsightandunderlockandkey.Thiswillkeepyourroommate28________beingtemptedtotakesomethingthatbelongstoyou.Ifyoudiscoverthatyourscheduleandyourroommatesschedule29________andyouhavelittletimetostudy,youwillfindthelibraryanicequietplacetogetawayandstudy.Some30________arenotveryquietandifyouneedaquietplacetostudy,youmayneedtogotothelibrary.

阅读理解Thehiringprocessmaybedifferentfromonecompanytoanother.Nevertheless,thegoalisthesame—getthecandidatewhoisthebestfitfortheposition.Evenso,howtochoosethatperson?Herearesomebestpracticesusedbyindustryleaderstoattractthebesttalentforthejob.Inparticular,thesearethenewtrendsinthehiringprocesstobepreparedforwhenyouhaveajobinterview.Typically,aninterviewisheldinaconferenceroomoroffice.However,thismakesiteasyfortheemployerandthecandidatetoactpredictably.Theproblemwiththisapproachisthatattheendofatypicalinterview,theemployersoftendonthaveamuchbetterfeelforthecandidatethantheydoafterreadingthecandidatesresume.Alternatively,someemployerswalkaroundtheofficeforpartoftheinterview.Thisallowstheemployertogetasenseofhowthecandidateinteractswithotherpeople,andwhetherthecandidateistrulycuriousandinterestedinhowthecompanyruns.Anotherchangeisthatsomeemployerscreateteamstohirenewemployeesincomparisontohavingjustoneadministratorconducttheinterview.Employersthengetopinionsfromtheteammembers.Moreimportantly,thishelpsemployershiresomeonewithwhomcurrentemployeescouldgetalong.Also,employerswanttomakesurethatcandidatesprovidenewviewpointsforthecompany.Beforetheyhiresomeone,theythinkaboutthediversityofviewpointsthatthecandidatecanbringtothecompany.Bepreparedtosharehowyoucanaddvaluetothecompanythroughyourownuniqueperspectiveandhowyouwillhelpthecompanysolveproblemscreatively.Furthermore,manycompaniestrytogetasenseofthekindofworkthecandidateswilldoforthecompanybeforehiringthemasfull-timeemployees.Forexample,theymayofferyouatemporarycontractfirstasaconsultant.Likewise,theymayassignyouasmalltaskaspartoftheinterviewprocess.

阅读理解Examanxietyissomethingthatalmosteveryperson1_____duringhisorherstudentlife.Alittleanxietyhelpsoneconcentrate.However,ifstudentsspendalltheirtime2_____anxious,alotofvaluabletimewillbewasted.Inthishighly3_____world,examscausealotofnervousnesstostudents.Forsome,examanxietyencouragesthemtoworkharder,whileforothersitmaybethemain4_____forpoorperformance,leadingtoacademicfailureinexamsand5_____ofconfidence.Infact,somestudentsare6_____bynature.Theywillhavealowopinionofthemselveseveniftheyhavepreparedwell.Oneofthemostimportantmethodsofavoidingexamanxietyistopreparewellinadvance.Studying7_____forafewhoursadayhelpsincreasetheconfidenceofstudents.Ifstudentsarenot8_____tohandleanxiety,theycantalktotheirteachers,parentsorfriends.Parentsshouldalsoavoidputting9_____ontheirkidstodowell.Creatingapeacefulandrelaxing10_____athomecanbeequallyhelpful.

阅读理解Passage2Questions16—20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Nowadays,itismorecommonforpeopletoexpresstheirthoughtsinane-mailortext.Infact,moreandmorestudentsusetechnologyforwrittencommunicationintheirlives.Evenso,researchshowsthatteachinghandwritingskillshasitsbenefits.However,arethebenefitsworthspendingvaluableclassroomtimeinteachinghandwritingskillswhenstudentscouldbelearningmoreaboutcomputerkeyboarding?Statesacrossthecountryhavegoodreasonstorequirestudentstolearncomputerkeyboardingskills.Forone,studentsarelearningtechnologythatwillhelpthemcommunicatefasterwithmorepeopleandinmanydifferentforms,suchase-mails,websites,blogs,andsoon.Alsothebetterastudentscomputerkeyboardingskills,thegreaterthechancethatastudenthastobecomeabetterwriter.Computertoolssuchasthegrammarandspellcheckmakecorrectingquickandeasy,althoughnot100%accurate.Withtheseandmanyothertools,studentsgainimportantcomputerskills.Furthermore,studentsnolongerhavetoworryabouttheirwritingbeinggradedpoorlybyteachers.Allinall,computerkeyboardingskillsareastepintherightdirection.Still,theadvantagesofcomputerkeyboardingskillsmaynotbeenoughtoleavehandwritinginstructioninthedust.MarlenaHamilton,professorofneurologyatUniversityofPennsylvania,didanexperimentwithherco-workerstostudywhathappensinstudentsbrainswhenwriting.Theyfoundthatmanyoftheareasofthebrainlightup.Thesearethesameareasthatareusedtolearntoread.Theythenwonderedifthesamewouldbetruewhenstudentslookedatlettersonakeyboard.Whatwefound,shestates,isthatbrainsaremuchlessinvolvedwhenwejustlookatletters.Whenweactuallyuseourhandstomakethings,thebrainworksmuchharder.”Schoolsacrossthenationarelookingattheevidenceanddecidingwhattodo.WilliamMcIntyre,areadingcoachatSunshineElementarySchoolinAlbany,NewYork,says,Whatwehavelearnedfromtheresearchisthatlearninghandwritingbenefitsstudentseducationally.Whatwealsoknowisthatstudentsneedtobetaughtkeyboardingskills.Now,itisuptoeachschooltomakeadecision.