语法与词汇_____ his poor record in school, the board thinks that he should study hard.

语法与词汇To drive a car safely, it is _____ good brakes.

语法与词汇Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit _____ the expenses of the trip.

语法与词汇The first king of English is _____, who won the overlordship in 829.

语法与词汇Virginia Woolf was an important female _____ in the early 20th century English.

语法与词汇“Poetry of spontaneous” was put forward by _____.

语法与词汇The brave soldiers _____ the attacking invaders.

语法与词汇Although the main characters in the fiction are so true to life, they are certainly _____.

语法与词汇As for Ann, I am not sure about her _____ in Italian.

语法与词汇We find the book quite _____: it provides us with an abundance of information on western music.

语法与词汇What seems confusing and fragmented at first might well become _____ a third time.

语法与词汇He appreciated _____ the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature.

阅读理解Passage OneOnce it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labour. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for men or women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of the 20 th century, men’s and women’s roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s developed a new force called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in child care, men began to share child raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and child care responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on overtime’s work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women’s liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional women’s jobs such as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these changes.

阅读理解Directions: In this section there are 2 passages followed by questions, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Write your answers on your Answer Sheet.Passage ⅡAt 5:15 am of April 18, 1906, the greatest earthquake disaster in the history of the United States occurred. At that crucial moment, San Francisco and the surrounding areas were rocked by huge movements in the earth underneath, causing damages unheard of before. The loss in money, lives, and peace of mind were such that it took decades for San Francisco to recover, and still haunts the memory of that great city to this day.As the first massive quake hit the sleeping city, building tumbles and chaos suddenly reigned in the streets. Amid bursting gas mains, falling debris, and raging fires, panic held sway over the citizenry as each fled from the destruction all around them. People fled to the safety of parks, far from the toppling skyscrapers, as martial law was imposed to keep the madness in check.Fire swept across the city as the broken gas mains caught fire and occasionally exploded. Brave firemen rushed to the scenes of disaster, only to find that the central water main had also been destroyed by the quake, leaving them helpless to watch as the fires raged on and spread further and further.A second massive shock hit the crumbled city at 8:00 am, nearly three hours after the first. Although the most serious fires began in the business district, as time progressed, it was clear that the loss in life was mainly in the poorer areas of the city, under which most of the burning gas mains ran. After all was said and done, the final death tolls were horrifyingly high. In addition, nearly all the major buildings in the city were reduced to rubble, including the City Hall, the new Post Office, the Parrot Building (previously the largest department store in the West), the Chronicle and Examiner Buildings (San Francisco’s two major newspapers), and Stanford University in nearby Palo Alto.In the wake of the destruction, urban planners immediately set to work to rebuild the shattered city. They did this with gusto, designing new buildings, pipes, and streets with earthquake safety in mind. These ongoing precautions no doubt contributed to the phenomenal performance of the city’s infrastructure during the earthquake of 1989, in which, although millions of dollars in damage occurred, widespread major destruction and loss of life were avoided.

阅读理解Passage Two Even before Historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author, he was famous for his vivid lectures. In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, he would often make classroom discussions lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam. But as Ellis’s reputation grew—his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize—the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war. Last year, after The Boston Globe carried accounts of Ellis’s experience in the Vietnam war, someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime. Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis, famous for explaining the nation’s history, had some explaining to do about his own past.“Even in the best of lives, mistakes are made,” said a wretched Ellis. It turned out that while the distinguished historian had served in the Army, he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia, but teaching history at West Point. He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records. His admission shocked colleagues, fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past. But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand. Even among the distinguished achievers, security experts say, one in ten is deceiving-indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism, fictionalizing military records, making up false academic certificates or worse. And, oddly, prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous, says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates, which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod: “It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”Then what makes them do it? Psychologists say some people succeed, at least in part, because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others. And no matter how well-known, those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings. “From outside, these people look anything but fragile,” says Dennis Shulman, a New York psychoanalyst. “But inside, they feel hollow, empty.”

阅读理解Directions: In this section there are 2 passages followed by questions, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Write your answers on your Answer Sheet.Passage ⅠWhen I was 11, I read the Bible cover to cover. I was not precocious, or particularly religious; there were lots of us bored, bookish children in the 1970s. Television was largely rubbish, and our parents’ bookshelves were what were left. I thought of this when I heard author Claire Tomalin complains that children are growing up without the skills to read Charles Dickens. As the country celebrates the 200 th anniversary of his birth, Tomalin claims that children are not being taught to have the prolonged attention spans necessary for his texts. And she blames this attention deficit on the fact that children are “reared on dreadful television programmes.”It is true that children have never had more distraction or entertainment to choose from than today. And it is probably true that this generation’s attention span is shorter; my children have dismissed as “too slow” or “boring” most of the childhood books I saved for them. I was quite offended by this, until I reread some.Because it is not just entertainment that moves at a faster rate. The world does, too. And, frankly, Dickens is dense, and hard work, as are many writers of that era. I read Wilkie Collins’s The Moonstone recently. It was like wading through treacle.It isn’t surprising that Tomalin stresses Dickens’s relevance—she is his biographer, after all. But I’d put money on it that not many children of my generation read Dickens for pleasure either. It took me years to come to Great Expectations and The Pickwick Papers, and then it was only post- university, when I became independently hungry for knowledge.The bald truth is that the travails of Pip have little resonance for today’s children, and until they are old enough to understand Miss Havisham’s tragedy, or the poignancy of the rotting hulls of the prison ships in the Thames Estuary, why would they?Dickens might be one of the greatest creators of characters in English, as Tomalin claims, but I suspect she hasn’t read many of the newer creations in children’s literature. Today’s children see the pathos in Greg Heffley, the Wimpy Kid of Jeff Kinney’s novels. They are fascinated by the pitfalls of the resourceful Baudelaire children in Lemony Snicket’s gothic A Series of Unfortunate Events. They can recognise the adolescent dilemmas of Harry Potter.You can’t insist that childhood tastes be set in aspic, and the idea that they should mimic some Academic Francaise of literature is dangerous. My mother encouraged me to read anything—my pocket money—on the basis that all reading was valuable, and would act as a gateway to more challenging stuff later on.In turn, I believe that my children will come to the classics when they’re ready probably when they download them as free e-books, like the rest of us.Until then, I’ll take comfort from the fact that the 1969 classic The Very Hungry Caterpillar is still the most-read children’s book in Britain, with the average family reading it some nine times last year. It has underdeveloped characterisation, yes, and the vocabulary is limited. But as a prompt to an appetite for reading, it is priceless.

阅读理解Passage ThreeMost growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C. R. Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable for the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars—the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined—in the presence of chlorophyll（叶绿素） and with energy derived from light—to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas—water vapor—to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10, 000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 800F, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.

完形填空Directions: There are 20 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Write the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen on your Answer Sheet.The term “quality of life” is difficult to define. It 【A1】______ a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. 【A2】______ speaking, the quality of life, especially 【A3】______ seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree 【A4】______ which these various areas of life are available or provide 【A5】______ for the individual.As activity carried 【A6】______ as one thinks fit during one’s spare time, leisure has the following 【A7】______ : relaxation, recreation, and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one’s job and one’s life style. 【A8】______, people who need to 【A9】______ much energy in their work will find relaxation most 【A10】______ in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may 【A11】______ more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g.【A12】______ of skills and hobbies) in leisure.The specific use of leisure 【A13】______ from individual to individual 【A14】______ the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible use of television watching, a 【A15】______ leisure activity, a change of experience to provide 【A16】______ from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one’s environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by 【A17】______ other people’s life experiences as 【A18】______ in the programs.Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take 【A19】______ his interests and preferences and get 【A20】______ in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

完形填空Directions: Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET. From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 【A11】______, they were like new born children, 【A12】______ to use this valuable tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 【A13】______ and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolution is 【A14】______ for our ability to produce and use language. They 【A15】______ that our highly evolved brain provides us 【A16】______ an innate language ability not found in lower 【A17】______. Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 【A18】______ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,【A19】______ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. 【A20】______ there are critical biological times for language development.

完形填空Directions: Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET. In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 【A1】______ half of the 19 th century; most of 【A2】______ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day-nursery movement received great 【A3】______ during the First World War, when 【A4】______ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented（前所未有） numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 【A5】______in munitions（军火） plants, under direct government sponsorship. 【A6】______ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 【A7】______, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 【A8】______, federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 【A9】______ the day nurseries, chiefly by 【A10】______ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.