问答题acronym

问答题variety

问答题With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love…

复合题GeologyandLandscapePara.1Mostpeopleconsiderthelandscapetobeunchanging,butEarthisadynamicbody,anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofEarth(about4,500billionyears).Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.Para.2Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofpermanence,successfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.Asageneralrule,thehigheramountainis,themorerecentlyitwasformed;forexample,thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold.Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.Today,however,therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)existasthecomparativelylowmountainsofGreenland,thenorthernAppalachiansintheUnitedStates,theScottishHighlands,andtheNorwegiancoastalplateau.Para.3TheEarthscrustisthoughttobedividedintohuge,movablesegments,calledplates,whichfloatonasoftplasticlayerofrock.Somemountainswereformedasaresultoftheseplatescrashingintoeachotherandforcinguptherockattheplatemargins.Inthisprocess,sedimentaryrocksthatoriginallyformedontheseabedmaybefoldedupwardstoaltitudesofmorethan26,000feet.Othermountainsmayberaisedbyearthquakes,whichfracturetheEarthscrustandcandisplaceenoughrocktoproduceblockmountains.Athirdtypeofmountainmaybeformedasaresultofvolcanicactivitywhichoccursinregionsofactivefoldmountainbelts,suchasintheCascadeRangeofwesternNorthAmerica.TheCascadesaremadeupoflavasandvolcanicmaterials.Manyofthepeaksareextinctvolcanoes.Para.4Whateverthereasonformountainformation,assoonaslandrisesabovesealevelitissubjectedtodestructiveforces.Theexposedrocksareattackedbythevariousweatherprocessesandgraduallybrokendownintofragments,whicharethencarriedawayandlaterdepositedassediments.Thus,anylandscaperepresentsonlyatemporarystageinthecontinuousbattlebetweentheforcesofupliftandthoseoferosion.Para.5Theweather,initsmanyforms,isthemainagentoferosion.Rainwashesawayloosesoilandpenetratescracksintherocks.Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.Therainseepsundergroundandthewatermayreappearlaterassprings.Thesespringsarethesourcesofstreamsandrivers,whichcutthroughtherocksandcarryawaydebrisfromthemountainstothelowlands.Para.6Underverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.Itcarriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirsplitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.

复合题Much has been depicted in movies and print, of the roles played by women in America’s early development, and there are many women who have achieved recognition for their individual contributions. B

复合题Linguists have understood for decades that language and thought are closely related. Humans construct reality using thought and express these thoughts through the use of language. Edward Sapir and

复合题DidBirdsEvolvefromDinosaurs?Para.1Inthemid-1800s,scientistsdiscoveredthecompleteskeletonofadinosaurcalledArchaeopteryxlithographica.Thecreature,whichmighthavegrowntoamaximumsizeofaboutoneandahalffeet,wasthoughttohavelivedapproximately150millionyearsagoand,curiously,hadfeaturesthatresemblednotonlydinosaurs，butmodernbirdsaswell.Forinstance,whileithadsharpteethandabonytaillikethedinosaursofitstime,italsohadwingsandfeatherslikemodernbirds.Despitethesesimilaritiestobirds,thegeneralconsensuswithinthescientificcommunitywasthattheclosestlivingrelativesofdinosaurswerereptiles,likelizardsandalligators.Itwasn’tuntil1969,whenpaleontologistsdiscoveredthefossilsofadinosaurcalledDeinonychusantirrhopus,thatthedebateaboutwhetherornotbirdsevolvedfromdinosaurswasreopened.Para.2Themainproblemwiththetheorylinkingdinosaurstomodernbirds—whichwasalsothemainsupportforargumentsthatreptileswere,infact,theclosestlivingancestorsofdinosaurs—wasthebeliefthatdinosaursdidnothavefurculae,orwishbones.Themainfunctionofthisfork-shapedbone,whichislocatedatthebaseoftheneckonbirds,istoreinforcetheskeletonagainstthemanystressesofflight.However,fossilevidencefoundinrecentyearshasrevealedthatmanydinosaursdidindeedhavefurculae.Forexample,thedinosaursintheDromaeosauridaefamily,agroupofbird-likedinosaurs,areallbelievedtohavehadfurculae.Thisdiscoverycontradictsthetheorythatthebonesareuniquetobirds.Para.3Inadditiontotheobservationoffurculaeindinosaurfossils,paleontologistshaveidentifiedanumberofotherstructuralsimilaritiesbetweenbirdsanddinosaurs.Forexample,comparisonsbetweentheskeletonsofbirdsandthoseofdinosaurslikeVelociraptormongoliensisandDeinonychusrevealthatbirdsanddinosaurssharemanyuniqueskeletalfeatures.Forinstance,Velociraptorfossilsshowthatthecreature’sfrontlimbs,theconstructionofwhichwouldhavepresumablyallowedforgreatflexibility,aresimilartothoseofmodernbirds.Ontheotherhand,nosuchlikenessesexistbetweendinosaursandearlyreptiles.Para.4Suchevidenceofstructuralsimilaritiesisonlyoneofmanyreasonsthatpaleontologistsnowgenerallyagreethatbirdsevolvedfromdinosaurs.Anothercompellingpieceofevidenceisthepresenceoffeathersinbothorganisms.FossilsofArchaeopteryx,whichmanyexpertsnowconsidertobebothadinosaurandabird,featureimprintsoffeathersthatcloselyresemblethosefoundonmodernbirds.SincethediscoveryofArchacopteryx,paleontologistshavediscoveredfossilsdemonstratingthatanumberofotherdinosaursthatwerelikelyrelatedtoArchacopteryxalsohadfeathers.Furthermore,eventhefossilsofdinosaursthatwerenotrelatedtoArchaeopteryx,suchasTyrannosaurusrex,havebeenfoundtohavelongfeather-likestructuresthatarecommonlyreferredtoasprotofeathers,Accordingtomanypaleontologists,themainfunctionofprotofeatherswastoinsulatedinosaursfromcoldtemperatures,nottoassistwithflight,whichaccountsforwhymanyflightlessdinosaursmayhavehadthem.Becausenootheranimalsbesidesdinosaursandbirdshavebeenfoundtohavefeathers,scientistsbelievethattheexistenceoffeathersisastrongindicationthatthetwoanimalsaredirectlyrelated.Para.5Paleontologistshavealsofoundevidencethatlungsofdinosaurswereshapedsimilarlytobirds’lungs.Mostanimals,includingprimates,lizards,andfrogs,havelungswithtwocompartments.However,birdshaveextraairsacsinfrontofandbehindtheirlungsthatallowthemtokeeptheirlungsinflatedconstantly.Studiesofdinosaurskeletonsindicatethatsomedinosaursalsohadlungswithextrachambers.Likethesimilaritiesinskeletalstructuresandtheexistenceoffeathersinbothgroups,thefactthatonlybirdsanddinosaurshavetheseextralungchambersrevealsthatbirdsprobablyevolvedfromdinosaursandarethustheirclosestlivingrelatives.

复合题Unlessyouhavegonethroughtheexperienceyourself,orwatchedalovedonesstruggle,youreallyhaveno&

填空题The features that define our human languages can be called ________features.

填空题We can use the word book to talk about a book, and we can also use the expression the word book to talk about the sign “book” itself. Such a function can be called the_______function of language.

填空题IPA is the short form for International Phonetic ________.

填空题The _______ function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at the launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies.

填空题________is the smallest component of meaning.

填空题All languages have three major components: a sound system, system of lexicogrammar and a system of _______.

填空题_______ antonymy can be found in antonyms like alive: dead, male: female, present: absent.

单选题In the sentence The doctor cut me open yesterday, _____ is used.

单选题Among the following four sentences, _____ is used informally

单选题The king gave a _____ banquet.

单选题Which of the following is NOT true? _______

单选题_____is the colorful dialect spoken in the East End of London.