选择题Das Kind ist so klug _____ sein Vater

选择题Peter lobt der Lehrer besonders oft

填空题Er mchte ein Konto _____ und geht in die Bank

填空题Er ist gestern in den Supermarkt einkaufen _____

填空题Mein Vater arbeitet_________Siemens

填空题_________Wochenende bleibt er oft_________Hause

填空题_____ viel Licht ist, da ist viel Schatten

填空题1. - Was machst du morgen? -_________Vormittag gehe ich in die Bibliothek.

填空题Vor Weihnachten hat er einen Brief_________seinen Freund geschrieben

填空题Herr Bode kann nicht so oft an Frau Bode schreiben, und er _____um Entschuldigung

填空题Manchmal macht Traum der Realitt den _____

填空题Der Professor ist _____den Studierenden sehr beliebt

填空题Sprechen lernt man nur _____Sprechen

填空题Kauflust hngt stark _____ der Auswahl ab, die dem Kunden geboten wird

阅读理解You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little， to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant’s lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors; another refers to them as special cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by no such people.To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.

阅读理解The air explodes with the sound of high-powered rifles and the startled infant watches his family fall to the ground, the image seared into his memory. He and other orphans are then transported to distant locales to start new lives. Ten years later, the teenaged orphans begin a killing rampage, leaving more than a hundred victims.A scene describing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Kosovo or Rwanda? The similarities are striking — but here, the teenagers are young elephants and the victims, rhinoceroses. In the past, animal studies have been used to make inferences about human behavior. Now studies of human PTSD can be instructive in understanding how violence also affects elephant culture.Psychobiological trauma in humans is increasingly encountered as a legacy of war and socio- ecological disruptions. Trauma affects society directly through an individual’s experience, and indirectly through social transmission and the collapse of traditional social structures. Long-term studies show that although many individuals survive, they may face a lifelong struggle with depression, suicide or behavioural dysfunctions. In addition, their children and families can exhibit similar symptoms, including domestic violence. Trauma can define a culture.How PTSD manifests has long been a puzzle, but researchers today have a better idea as to why the effects of violence persist so long after the event. Studies on animals and human genocide survivors indicate that trauma early in life has lasting psychophysiological effects on brain and behavior.Under normal conditions, early mother-infant interactions facilitate the development of self-regulatory structures located in the corticolimbic region of the brain’s right hemisphere. But with trauma, an enduring right-brain dysfunction can develop, creating a vulnerability to PTSD and a predisposition to violence in adulthood. Profound disruptions to the attachment bonding process, such as maternal separation, deprivation or trauma, can upset psychobiological and neurochemical regulation in the developing brain, leading to abnormal neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and neurochemical differentiation. The absence of compensatory social structures, such as older generations, can also impede recovery.Elephant society in Africa has been decimated by mass deaths and social breakdown from poaching, culls and habitat loss. From an estimated ten million elephants in the early 1900s, there are only half a million left today. Wild elephants are displaying symptoms associated with human PTSD: abnormal startle response, depression, unpredictable asocial behavior and hyperaggression.Elephants are renowned for their close relationships. Young elephants are reared in a matriarchal society, embedded in complex layers of extended family. Culls and illegal poaching have fragmented these patterns of social attachment by eliminating the supportive stratum of the matriarch and older female caretakers.Calves witnessing culls and those raised by young, inexperienced mothers are high-risk candidates for later disorders, including an inability to regulate stress-reactive aggressive states. Even the fetuses of young pregnant females can be affected by pre-natal stress during culls. The rhinoceros- killing males may have been particularly vulnerable to the effects of pre-and postnatal stress for two reasons. Studies on a variety of species indicated that male mammalian brains develop at a slower rate relative to females, but also that elephant males require a second distinct phase of socialization.Elephant hyperaggression is not an isolated event. At another heavily affected African park, intraspecific mortality among male elephants accounts for nearly 90% of all male deaths, compared with 6% in relatively unstressed communities. Elsewhere, including Asia, there are reports of poor mothering skills, infant rejection, increased problem animals and elevated stress-hormone levels.Neuroscience has demonstrated that all mammals share a ubiquitous developmental attachment mechanism and a common stress-regulating neurophysiology. Now, a wealth of human-animal studies and the experience of human victims of violence are available to help elephants and other species survive.

阅读理解In the following article some paragraphs have been removed. Choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gaps.Too many people are haunted by five dismal words: “But it’s too late now.” An unfaithful husband would like to salvage his marriage. “But it’s too late now.” An office worker, fired because of her drinking problem, wishes she could conquer her alcoholism and begin again. “But it’s too late now.Few families are without some broken personal relationships. At first those involved may be unwilling to hold out an olive branch. Then, when some time has passed, they may feel it’s too late to offer an apology or try to make amends.【B1】____________________________Not long ago I came upon an article about the distinguished musician Robert Shaw, who was retiring as music director and conductor of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. Years earlier, when I was the new pastor of Marble Church in New York City, Shaw came to me and suggested we have a group of young people sing at our church services. He led such a chorale and was willing to make it available.【B2】____________________________Unfortunately, some of the members of the congregation, including two of the elders who were strong traditionalists, thought the singing was too much of a departure from the accepted way of doing things at Marble Church. They made their displeasure known to me in unmistakable terms.【B3】____________________________Almost half a century passed. In all that time I never saw or spoke to Shaw. But then, as I read the article, my conscience reminded me I had made a mistake that still was uncertified.When I got home, I wrote a letter to Robert Shaw telling him that I had been wrong and was sorry.【B4】____________________________What a lift I got from that! What happy evidence it was that even after many years a word of apology is never too late.【B5】____________________________Because it never is.A.Thisstruckmeasanideathatwouldappealtotheyoungermembersofourcongregation.SoItoldhimtogoahead.Thepeoplewhosangwerespiritedandenthusiastic,andIthoughttheyaddedanewandwelcomedimensiontoourworshipservices.B.Whynotsearchyourmindandseeifthereissomepastepisodethatcallsforawordofreconciliation,somepersonalproblemunsolved,somegooddeedleftundone?Evenifalongtimehaselapsed,don’tassumeit’stoolate.C.Isaytosuchpeople:“Nonsense!It’snevertoolatetomakeafreshstart.”D.Finally,againstmybetterjudgment,ItoldShawthatIwassorry,butwewouldhavetoterminatethearrangement.Hewasdisappointed,butsaidheunderstood.Thisincidentwouldalwaysbotherme.Ihadfailedtohavethecourageofmyconvictions.E.Almostatonceareplycamefromthisgreatmanofmusic,thankingmefor“thegenerosity,graceandcandidness”ofmyletterandclaimingthatthefaulthadbeenasmuchhisasmine.

阅读理解In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino, California. They carefully chose a busy comer for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks’ sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers’ fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu, the equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches.Today McDonald’s is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald’s had over $1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modem American business history.

阅读理解Men in the throes of a midlife crisis should probably stop blaming a troubled marriage, their kid’s education costs, or technology that makes them feel ancient compared to their younger colleagues.A new study has found that chimpanzees and orangutans, too, often experience a midlife crisis, suggesting the causes are inherent in primate biology and not specific to human society. “We were just stunned” when data on the apes showed a U-shaped curve of happiness, says economist Andrew Oswald of the University of Warwick in England. The U-shaped curve of human happiness and other aspects of well-being are as thoroughly documented as the reasons for it are controversial.Since 2002 studies in some 50 countries have found that well-being is high in youth, plunges in midlife and rises in old age. The euphoria of youth comes from unlimited hopes and good health, while the contentment and serenity of the elderly likely reflects “accumulated wisdom and the fact that when you’ve seen friends and family die, you value what you have,” says Oswald. The reasons for the plunge in well-being in middle age, when suicides and use of anti-depressants both peak, are murkier.In recent years researchers have emphasized sociological and economic factors, from the accountant’s recognition that she will never realize her dream of starring on Broadway to the middle manager’s fear of being downsized, not to mention failing marriages and financial woes.Oswald and his colleagues decided to see whether creatures that don’t have career regrets or underwater mortgages might nevertheless suffer a well-being plunge in middle age. They enlisted colleagues to assess the well-being of 155 chimps in Japanese zoos, 181 in US and Australian zoos and 172 orangs in zoos in the United States, Canada, Australia and Singapore. Keepers, volunteers, researchers and caretakers who knew the apes well used a four-item questionnaire to assess the level of contentment in the animals. One question, for instance, asked how much pleasure the animals — which ranged from infants to greybeards — get from social interactions.All three groups of apes experienced midlife malaise: a U-shaped contentment curve with the nadir at ages 28, 27 and 35, respectively, comparable to human ages of 45 to 50.Why would chimps and orangs have a midlife crisis? It could be that their societies are similar enough to the human variety that social, and not only biological, factors are at work. Perhaps apes feel existential despair, too, when they realize they’ll never be the alpha male or female. An evolutionary explanation is even more intriguing. Maybe nature doesn’t want us to be contented in middle age, doesn’t want us sitting around contentedly with our feet up in a tree. Maybe discontent lights a fire under people, causing them to achieve more for themselves and their family. By knowing our results, people might be gentler on themselves when they experience a midlife crisis, says Oswald. “Knowing that it’s biological, they’ll realize that if they can just hang on they’ll likely come out the other side.”

阅读理解In the first age, we created gods. We carved them out of wood; there was still such a thing as wood, then. We forged them from shining metals and painted them on temple walls. They were gods of many kinds, and goddesses as well. Sometimes they were cruel and drank our blood, but also they gave us rain and sunshine, favourable winds, good harvests, fertile animals, many children. A million birds flew over us then, a million fish swam in our seas.Our gods had horns on their heads, or moons, or sealy fins, or the beaks of eagles. We called them All-Knowing, we called them Shining One. We knew we were not orphans. We smelled the earth and rolled in it; its juices ran down our chins.In the second age we created money. This money was also made of shining metals. It had two faces: on one side was a severed head, that of a king or some other noteworthy person, on the other face was something else, something that would give us comfort: a bird, a fish, a fur-bearing animal. This was all that remained of our former gods. The money was small in size, and each of us would carry some of it with him every day, as close to the skin as possible. We could not eat this money, wear it or burn it for warmth; but as if by magic it could be changed into such things. The money was mysterious, and we were in awe of it. If you had enough of it, it was said, you would be able to fly.In the third age, money became a god. It was all-powerful, and out of control. It began to talk. It began to create on its own. It created feasts and famines, songs of joy, lamentations. It created greed and hunger, which were its two faces. Towers of glass rose at its name, were destroyed and rose again. It began to eat things. It ate whole forests, croplands and the lives of children. It ate armies, ships and cities. No one could stop it. To have it was a sign of grace.In the fourth age we created deserts. Our deserts were of several kinds, but they had one thing in common: nothing grew there. Some were made of cement, some were made of various poisons, some of baked earth. We made these deserts from the desire for more money and from despair at the lack of it. Wars, plagues and famines visited us, but we did not stop in our industrious creation of deserts. At last all wells were poisoned, all rivers ran with filth, all seas were dead; there was no land left to grow food.Some of our wise men turned to the contemplation of deserts. A stone in the sand in the setting sun could be very beautiful, they said.You who have come here from some distant world, to this dry lakeshore and this cairn, and to this cylinder of brass, in which on the last day of all our recorded days I place our final words: Pray for us, who once, too, thought we could fly.