阅读理解Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institution, both at home and overseas. When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
阅读理解There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures and that the man without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wishes to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfillment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.
完形填空Newspapers have one basic purpose, to get the news as quickly as possible from【A1】______ source, from those who make it to those who want to【A2】______ it. Radio, telegraph, television, and other inventions brought competition for newspapers. So【A3】______ the development of magazines and other means of communication.【A4】______, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster 【A5】______ of communication to improve the speed and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are【A6】______ and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into so many other fields. Besides keeping readers【A7】______ of the latest news, today’s newspapers【A8】______ and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices 【A9】______ advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 【A10】______ Newspapers are sold at a price that fails to cover even a small【A11】______ of the cost of production. The main【A12】______ of income for most newspapers is commercial【A13】______. The success in selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s【A14】______ to advertisers. This【A15】______ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends【A16】______ on the work of the circulation department and on the services 【A17】______ entertainment【A18】______ in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers【A19】______ a source of information about the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer【A20】______ .
写作题A foreign university plans to develop a new research center in your hometown. Some people want a center for business research. Other people want a center for research in farming. Which of these centers do you recommend? Use specific reasons in your recommendation. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic. You can decide the title of the essay yourself.
翻译题Edith Taylor was sure that she was “the luckiest woman in the neighborhood”. She and Karl had been married for 23 years, and her heart still skipped a beat when he walked into the room. As for Karl, he gave every appearance of a man in love with his wife. If his job as government-warehouse worker took him out of town, he would write Edith each night and send small gifts from every place he visited. In February 1950, Karl was sent to Okinawa for a few months to work in a new government warehouse. It was a long time to be away, and so far! This time no little gifts came. Edith understood. He was saving his money for the house they had long dreamed of owning—someday. The lonesome months dragged on. Each time Edith expected Karl home he’d write that he must stay “another three weeks.” “Another month.” “Just two months longer.” He’d been gone a year now, and his letters were coming less and less often. No gifts she understood. But a few pennies for a postage stamp?
语法与词汇Sir Thomas More wrote Utopia in _____ in 1516.
语法与词汇The father of English poetry, the author of Troilus and Criseyde, is also the one of _____.
语法与词汇She stumbled and _____ the coffee.
语法与词汇All states of America are governed by the common law EXCEPT _____.
语法与词汇Is it important that he _____ his education in all ways?
语法与词汇If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be sleepy.
语法与词汇“How did James Bond escape from the locked confine?”“Oh, you know he always manages _____ a tight situation.”
语法与词汇Ernest Hemingway is _____.
语法与词汇Only in recent years _____ begun to realize the importance of Internet.
语法与词汇_____ flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature.
语法与词汇“This house is more _____ than the federal government!” Mac complained to his parents. “You have rules for everything.”
语法与词汇They saw a new movie at the theatre, _____ they had dinner at a Chinese restaurant.
语法与词汇Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe _____ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
语法与词汇To survive in the intense market competition, we must _____ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.
阅读理解Passage OneOnce it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labour. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for men or women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of the 20 th century, men’s and women’s roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s developed a new force called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in child care, men began to share child raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and child care responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on overtime’s work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women’s liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional women’s jobs such as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these changes.