阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should deicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage TwoIt’s hardly news that immigration system is a mess. Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers, and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished. But since Sept. 11, it’s become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans. In addition to their mastery of forging passports, at least three of the 19 Sept. 11 hijackers were here on expired visas. That’s been a safe bet until now. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) lacks the resources, and apparently the inclination, to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.But this laxness toward immigration fraud may be about to change. Congress has already taken some modest steps. The U.S.A. Patriot Act, passed in the wake of the Sept. 11 tragedy, requires the FBI, the Justice Department, the State Department and the INS to share more data, which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border.But what’s really needed, critics say, is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security. Reformers are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement. They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and investigators to keep illegal immigrants out and to track them down once they’re here. Reformers also want to see the INS set up a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country when they are required to.All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate last week. Before Sept. 11, legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies: universities, which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law, and business, which relies on foreigners for cheap labor. Since the attacks, they’ve backed off. The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year.Also on the agenda for next year: a proposal, backed by some influential law-makers, to split the INS into two agencies-a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections, deportation and other functions. One reason for the division, supporters say, is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants. After the Sept, 11 tragedy, the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation’s border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should deicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage ThreeThe popular dietary supplement ginseng is purported to improve one’s mood. The popular dietary supplement ginseng is purported to improve one’s mood and all-around vigor, but a new study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association suggests that ginseng has little of any effect on psychological health. The study, conducted by researchers at Oregon State University and Wayne State University, is one of the most extensive peer-reviewed studies of ginseng ever conducted.“Ginseng is being marketed to relatively healthy young people as a way to feel even better—a kind of yuppie supplement,” said Bradley J. Cardinal, an associate professor in the College of Health and Human Performance at Oregon State. “We found it had no real effect on mood at all. It certainly did not live up to some of its over-enthusiastic marketing claims.” Among the claims, the authors say, were that ginseng enhances mood, leads to positive well-being, and generally makes you feel better. Marketing ploys used to push ginseng promoted its use by astronauts and professional athletes, and claimed it did everything from easing childbirth to working as an aphrodisiac.The study by Cardinal and Hermann J. Engels of Wayne State University focused only on the alleged psychological properties of ginseng. The researchers gave a regular, 200-mg daily dose of ginseng to one group of volunteers for eight weeks. A second group received a double dose of 400-mg daily; the third group received a sugar pill. None of the individuals knew what they were taking. At the end of the eight-week period, the researchers measured the effects of the supplements on the volunteers’ “total mood disturbance” using a 65-question “Profile of Mood States” inventory. To eliminate bias, the researchers evaluated the tests without initially knowing which subjects were taking ginseng and which were taking placebos. They compared the results with a baseline survey of the volunteers taken just prior to the study. They found no significant difference among the three groups.“What these findings on psychological effect do is to extend earlier research from our lab that examined physiological outcomes of ginseng,” said Wayne State University’s Engels. “Our previous research found, using a controlled physical exercise stress test, that ginseng had no effects when given to normal, healthy adults.”

阅读理解Passage 3 Just hours before Sunday papers with the last drawings of the Peanuts characters began hitting newsstands, the man who created the worlds most popular comic strip died in his sleep at his Santa Rosa, California home

阅读理解Passage 1 As the 21st century begins, a number of leaders in politics, education, and other professions believe that the United States must adopt some new values to go along the older traditional ones

阅读理解The United States stands apart from most European nations in never having a titled nobility

阅读理解Passage Four It may not be obvious, but hearing two languages regularly during pregnancy puts infants on the road to bilingualism by birth

阅读理解After Chang graduated from university and earned her masters, Nanjing remained only on the periphery of her thoughts

阅读理解Passage 2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up

阅读理解Christopher NolansInterstellar fell to Earth at the domestic box office over the weekend, but its international ticket sales are rocketing through the stratosphere faster than commentators can rehash space-based idioms to describe its out-of-this-world success

阅读理解Passage 5 She was fast asleep

阅读理解Passage 3 The Internet is a worldwide network of thousands of computers and computer network

阅读理解It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young

阅读理解Through uninhibited spraying against one enemy we have destroyed the natural balances our survival requires

阅读理解Passage Four A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts

阅读理解Passage 2 According to a new survey, 40 percent of us believe it is OK to turn up late for a meeting, because mobile phones have made it so much easier to let people know that you are five minutes away

阅读理解Passage H For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the paperless office is a classic example of high-tech hubris

阅读理解Text C There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization

阅读理解Passage 4 The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible

阅读理解Passage 2 Until recently, many anthropologists assumed that the environment of what is now the southwestern United States shaped the social history and culture of the region‟s indigenous peoples

阅读理解Text C In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned