阅读理解El Nino has for centuries been a regular, if somewhat reckless, climatic event. It typically makes its presence felt around midwinter, hence a name that loosely translates as “Christ child” in the Spanish of the Peruvian fishermen who first noticed it. El Nino begins, however, some months prior to that, when trade winds in the western tropical Pacific drop or even shift, switching from blowing westward to the east. When this happens, a body of warm water that normally pools in the ocean east of Australia begins to move toward the coast of Peru. Warm air rising from the surface of this mass—which is as much as 12 F warmer than normal acts like a paddle stuck into the southern jet stream, redirecting it northward and altering weather from Australia to Canada to Africa. The warm water itself, meanwhile, is like a cap on a bottle when it hits the coast of Peru, halting the rise of cold, nutrient-rich water that typically emerges along the South American coast from deep in Pacific. That drastically affects the food chain for marine mammals, birds and fish.Scientists have grown steadily more familiar with El Nino in the past 20 years. “There’s been a fundamental change since the 1982-1983 El Nino,” the devastating event the 1997-1998 El Nino surpassed in size, says McPhaden. “We didn’t even know that one was happening until it was almost over. In the 1997-1998 El Nino, we could tell you day by day what was happening.” The reason? Two new powerful tools—instrumented satellites and buoys—now make it as easy for scientists to watch the ocean as if it were a wading pool in their backyard.Still, scientists were disappointed by one significant aspect of the past year’s work on El Nino: their ability to forecast it accurately. While a few computer models suggested that an El Nino would develop in 1997, none came close to predicting its scope or the speed with which it developed. Even the gold standard of forecasting turned into lead. A model developed by Mark Cane and Steven Zebiak was considered the best among El Nino forecasting models. But it didn’t read the global tea leaves correctly, forecasting an El Nino that was much later and smaller than the one that actually hit.

阅读理解An international team of astronomers has used a new technique to study the bright disc of matter surrounding a faraway black hole. Using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, combined with the gravitational lensing effect of stars in a distant galaxy, the team measured the disc’s size and studied the colours (and hence the temperatures) of different parts of the disc.These observations show a level of precision equivalent to spotting individual grains of sand on the surface of the Moon. While black holes themselves are invisible, the forces they unleash cause some of the brightest phenomena in the Universe. Quasars — short for quasi-stellar objects — are glowing discs of matter that orbit supermassive black holes, heating up and emitting extremely bright radiation as they do so.A quasar accretion disc has a typical size of a few light-days, or around 100 billion kilometres across, but they lie billions of light-years away. This means their apparent size when viewed from Earth is so small that we will probably never have a telescope powerful enough to see their structure directly. Until now, the minute apparent size of quasars has meant that most of our knowledge of their inner structure has been based on the oretical extrapolations, rather than direct observations.The team therefore used an innovative method to study the quasar: using the stars in an intervening galaxy as a scanning microscope to probe features in the quasar’s disc that would otherwise be far too small to see. As these stars move across the light from the quasar, gravitational effects amplify the light from different parts of the quasar, giving detailed colour information for a line that crosses through the accretion disc.The team observed a group of distant quasars that are gravitationally lensed by the chance alignment of other galaxies in the foreground, producing several images of the quasar. They spotted subtle differences in colour between the images, and changes in colour over the time the observations were carried out. Part of these colour differences are caused by the properties of dust in the intervening galaxies: the light coming from each one of the lensed images has followed a different path through the galaxy, so that the various colours encapsulate information about the material within the galaxy.There were clear signs that stars in the intervening galaxy were passing through the path of the light from the quasar. Just as the gravitational effect due to the whole intervening galaxy can bend and amplify the quasar’s light, so can that of the stars within the intervening galaxy subtly bend and amplify the light from different parts of the accretion disc as they pass through the path of the quasar’s light.By recording the variation in colour, the team was able to reconstruct the colour profile across the accretion disc. This is important because the temperature of an accretion disc increases the closer it is to the black hole, and the colours emitted by the hot matter get bluer the hotter they are. This allowed the team to measure the diameter of the disc of hot matter, and plot how hot it is at different distances from the centre.

阅读理解The relative importance that a culture places on the past, present and future can have an effect on the philosophies that companies have about doing business. Most companies plan carefully for the future by researching their target markets and developing timelines for designing, manufacturing, and delivering goods or services. In this sense, strategies, goals, and objectives are all full future oriented. However, past experiences and present realities affect the choices that companies make. The interaction among past, present and future varies from country to country.The United States is an example of a future-oriented culture. In business, there is typically a lot of emphasis on the future, and companies are continually striving to ensure that the future will be better than the present. Most business people in the U.S. are generally optimistic about what the future holds, and most of what their daily actions are geared toward achieving ongoing positive changes.Past-oriented cultures include China, Japan, Great Britain, France, Africa and the Middle East. Past events hold a lot of importance in these cultures, and history, protocol, and traditions often help guide business people in making decisions. In these countries， longevity is viewed as a positive, and old things are valued. The sense of tradition is evident in the fact that there is a lot of emphasis on loyalty and commitment in the workplace.Some present-oriented cultures include the Philippines and Latin America. These cultures believe that the present moment holds the most significance, partly because the future is unknown. Generally speaking, business people in these cultures have a more relaxed style. They don’t work specially to achieve future goals or rewards, but they typically feel an ongoing obligation to their companies. However, if they are no longer enjoying their work, they are more likely to leave the company and look for another job.

阅读理解A= Book 1B= Book 2C= Book 3D= Book 4Which book(s) say(s) that …A. Book 1The book offers a comprehensive perspective on the consequences and possible policy solutions for climate change as we move into the 21 st century. It assesses the impact of potential feature global climate change on agriculture and the need to sustain agricultural growth for the economic development.The book begins by examining the role of international research institutions in overcoming environmental constraints on sustainable agricultural growth and economic development. The authors then discuss how agricultural research systems may be restored to respond to global environmental problems such as climate change and loss of genetic diversity. The discussion then extends to consider environmental accounting and indexing, to illustrate how environmental quality can be included formally in measures of national income, social welfare, and sustainability. The third part of the book focuses on the effects of and policy responses to climate change. They consider impacts of the distribution of income between developed and developing countries remain a major economic activity. Authors take on an economy-wide perspective to draw lessons for agriculture, trade, land use and tax policy.B. Book 2The ozone layer is threatened by chemical emissions; the climate is endangered from fossil and deforestation, and global biodiversity is being lost by reason of thousands of habitat conversions. Global environmental problems arise out of the accumulated impacts from many years’ and many centuries’ economic development. In order to address these problems the states of the world must cooperate to manage their development processes together—this is what an international environmental agreement must do.But can the world’s countries cooperate successfully to manage global development? How should they manage it? Who should pay for the process, as well as for the underlying problems?This book presents an examination of both the problem and the process underlying international environmental lawmaking; the recognition of international interdependence, the negotiation of international agreements and the evolution of international resource management. It examines the general problem of global resource management by means of general principles and case studies and by looking at how and why specific negotiations and agreement have failed to achieve their targets.The book is designed as an introductory text for those studying global environmental policy making and institution building. It will also be of interest to practitioners and policy makers and scholars in the areas of environmental economics and law.C. Book 3Industrialization to achieve economic development has resulted in global environmental degradation. While the impacts of industrial activity on the natural environment are a major concern in developed countries, much less is known about these impacts in developing countries. This source book identifies and quantifies the environmental consequences of industrial growth, and provides policy advice, including the use of clean technologies and environmentally sound production techniques, with special reference to the developing world.The developing world is often seen as having a high percentage of heavily polluting activities within its industrial sector. This, combined with a substantial agriculture sector, which contributes to deforestation, the erosion of the top soil and desertification, has led to extreme pressure on the environment and impoverishes the population by destroying its natural resource base. This crisis suggests that sound industrialization policies are of paramount importance in developing countries’ economic development, and calls for the management of natural resources and the adoption of low-waste of environmentally clean technologies.The authors consider the industrial sector as a pollutant to other sectors of the economy, and then focus on some industrial specific pollutants within the manufacturing sector. They conclude by reviewing the economic implications of promoting environmentally sound industrial development, specially addressing the question of the conflict or complementarily which may exist between environmental goods and industrial production.D. Book 4This is an important book which presents new concepts of the marginal cost of substituting non-pollutive for pollutive goods. Technically in its approach it complements the other literature in the field and will be a significant contribution to the understanding of microeconomic issues in pollution control. The book focuses on three main concepts: substitutions in consumption, emission abatement and exposure avoidance. The first part considers the adjustment of the scope and combination of goods produced as a method for controlling pollution.The author argues that pollution is controlled by increasing the relative price of the polluting goods in the production process, thereby reducing demand and subsequent production of the goods. In the second part, the discussion is extended to include the possibilities of preventing or abating emissions in relation to three models: first, pollution prevention when non-polluting inputs and processes are substituted for pollutants; second, when a proportion of the polluting output is recycled rather than being discarded; and finally end-of-pipe abatement where additional technology is used. In conclusion, the author assesses the extent to which pollution damage is controlled by avoidance of emissions, with avoidance being modeled as an add-on technology with its own returns to scale.

阅读理解The subatomic particle is better known to scientists as the Higgs boson. And after decades of searches, it seems likely the elusive particle has been successfully detected inside an underground tunnel experiment run by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) outside Geneva. Results “consistent” with the hard-to-detect particle, in the words of CERN chief Rolf Heuer as he announced discovery July 4, may be the opening act in explaining structure of sky over our heads.A source of heartburn to serious science types now, the “God particle” nickname for the Higgs boson comes from the title of a 1993 book by Nobel-prize winner Leon Lederman, who was trying to play up the elusive nature of the particle.For a glimpse of one implication this latest big news in science, climb aboard a time machine, says physicist Jonathan Feng of the University California-Irvine, and visit the birth of universe 13.7 billion years ago.Simply take the universe backwards, to an early time when the cosmos was a hot mass, brand new, filled with particles that each weighed perhaps 500 times as much a proton,” says Feng (protons are positively charged subatomic particles inside atoms). “Now play the film forward. Just let it go until expands to fill with today’s stars and galaxies, and what you find is that it contains amounts of that particle that are just right to be ‘dark matter’ filling the universe.”Terrific, you might say, but what’s so wonderful about dark matter?Dark matter is basically a bunch of stuff, likely exotic physics particles, that we can’t really see (hence its name) but we know is out there. Astronomers realized a few decades ago that galaxies should be spinning faster than they are if the stars within them were only things providing the gravity that holds them together. So, their theories go, there must be something—dark matter—slowing them down.It turns out that stars are just the shiny hubcaps on each galaxy, outweighed by a factor of nearly 6-to-1 by all the dark matter out there. Dark matter even pulls itself together through gravity. For example, the journal Nature last week reported that a dark matter cloud gravitationally connects two clusters of galaxies, called Abell 222 and Abell 223. This cloudy filament stretches over 11 million light years between the clusters and weighs 98 trillion times as much our sun.That’s a lot of dark matter. So is the Higgs boson this elusive matter particle (or particles) then?Nope. But it may be a key to dark matter, physicists say.The Higgs boson is the physics particle that gives other particles their mass. Essentially it interacts with them to increase their resistance being moved faster, which we can measure as mass.Because the Higgs boson’s basic job is to interact with other physics particles to give them mass, “the Higgs boson can interact with dark matter very easily,” Caltech’s Sean Carroll explained on NPR’s Science Friday show after the recent “God particle” announcement. Dark matter is one of most exciting implications of this discovery,” Carroll said.How? That brings us back to Feng’s rerun of the universe. “Having a particle out there theoretically just a little heavier than the Higgs boson, which interacts with it, is waving a red cape in front of the eyes of physicists,” Feng says. “There is a lot more data coming from CERN ahead that may reveal the dark matter particle”Dark matter particles that theoretically could be detected at CERN’s underground Large Hadron Collider are envisioned by a theory called “focus point supersymmetry.” Supersymmetry theories predict that the already-discovered particles that comprise everyday matter have much heavier “super” counterparts awaiting detection (for example, the already detected “quarks” inside protons would have an undetected super-partner called “squarks”). Focus point supersymmetry predicts both a Higgs boson with weight similar to the one reported on July 4, about 130 times as heavy a proton, and dark matter particles.In fact, the simplest focus point models predict that dark matter particles should be seen not long from now in the underground detectors that are searching for them,” if CERN lab indeed found a Higgs boson, Feng says. “So there are really two predictions—dark matter should be seen in underground detectors, and new particles should be seen at the Large Hadron Collider in next few years.” Some of the new superpartner particles theoretically weigh in the detectable range for underground experiment.Finding these new particles would crack the dark matter mystery and indicate that even heavier super- particles are out there, ones that someday could allow physicists to explain gravity the same way they can particles are out there, ones that someday could allow physicists to explain gravity the same way they can explain electromagnetic and nuclear forces, a goal of cosmologists for nearly a century.The simplest outcome is that we’ll be totally wrong and it won’t find anything,” Feng says. But we are at a point in physics where we can talk about theories and experiments coming together very closely thanks to what is now happening, and we couldn’t do that for a long time before.”When do the next big results come from CERN that might offer more answers?Likely in December. So, Feng says, physicists celebrated one holiday, July 4, with new particle results and hopefully Christmas will bring them hints of new presents.That would be excellent, we couldn’t ask for better gifts,” he says.

阅读理解It’s hard to remember that in the 1980s Japan had the world’s most admired economy. It would, people widely believed, achieve the highest living standards and pioneer the niftiest technologies. Nowadays, all we hear are warnings not to repeat the mistakes that resulted in Japan’s “lost decade” of economic growth. Japan’s cardinal sins, we’re told, were skimping on economic “stimulus” and permitting paralyzing “deflation”. People postponed buying, because they expected prices to go lower. That’s the conventional wisdom—and it’s wrong.Japans economic eclipse shows the limits of economic stimulus and, at least in modest doses, the exaggerated threat of deflation. There is no substitute for vigorous private-sector job creation and investment, and that’s missing in Japan. This is a lesson we should heed.Japan’s economic problems, like ours, originated in huge asset “bubbles.” From 1985 to 1989, Japan’s stock market tripled. Land prices in major cities also tripled by 1991. The crash was brutal. By year-end 1992, stocks had dropped 57 percent from 1989. Land prices fell in 1992 and are now at early-1980s levels. Wealth declined. Banks—having lent on the collateral of inflated land values— weakened. Some became insolvent. The economy sputtered. It grew about 1 percent annually in the 1990s, down from more than 4 percent in the 1980s.Despite massive stimulus, rapid growth hasn’t resumed two decades later. Although the Japanese reacted slowly, they adopted the advice of economics textbooks. They raised spending, cut taxes, and let budget deficits balloon. Gross government debt soared from 63 percent of the economy’s gross domestic product in 1991 to 101 percent of GDP by 1997. It’s now about 200 percent. The Bank of Japan (its Federal Reserve) cut interest rates, going to zero in 1999—a policy that, with some interruptions, endures.Japan’s lackluster performance has two main causes. One is the “dual economy”: a highly efficient export sector (the Toyotas and Toshibas) offset by a less dynamic domestic sector. Until the 1980s, Japan depended on export-led growth that created jobs and investment. An undervalued yen helped. You had 20 percent of the economy carrying the other 80 percent/’ says Richard Katz of The Oriental Economist.But the yen’s appreciation in the mid-1980s—making Japan’s exports more expensive—doomed this economic strategy. Ever since, Japan has searched in vain for a substitute. Cheap credit (which fueled the original “bubbles”) and many “reforms” haven’t sufficed. Japan’s domestic sector remains arthritic. Japan has the lowest rates of business creation among major industrial countries. Indeed, its best recent years of economic growth, from 2003 to 2007, occurred when a weaker yen revived exports.The second problem is an aging, declining population, which dampens domestic spending. For decades, Japan’s traditional family—a workaholic husband, a stay-at-home wife, and two children— has been besieged, as anthropologist Merry White of Boston University shows in her book Perfectly Japanese. Even in 1989, the fertility rate (children per adult woman) of 1.57 was below the replacement rate of about two. The poor economy further discourages family formation. For men, the age of first marriage is 35, up from 27 in 1990, says White. The fertility rate is about 1.3.So Japan’s economy is trapped: a high yen penalizes exports; low births and sclerotic firms hurt domestic growth. The lesson for us is that massive budget deficits and cheap credit are, at best, necessary stopgaps. They can’t correct underlying economic deficiencies. “Stimulus” policies are now the main focus of U.S. economic debate—but shouldn’t be. Success or failure ultimately depends on private firms. We ought to encourage their expansion by reducing regulatory burdens and policy uncertainty. If we don’t, our mediocre recovery could mimic Japan’s.

阅读理解In January 1995, the world witnessed the emergence of a new international economic order with the launching of the World Trade Organization. The WTO, which succeeds the GATT, is expected to strengthen the world trading system and to be more effective than the GATT in governing international trade in goods and services in many aspects.First trade liberalization all over the world is expected to increase via the dramatic reductions in trade barriers to which the members of the WTO are committed. Under the WTO, members are required to reduce their tariff and non-tariffs on manufacturing goods. In addition, protecting domestic agricultural sectors from foreign competition will become awfully difficult in the new WTO system.Second, rules and regulation governing international trade will be more strongly enforced. Under the old system of the GATT, there were many cases where trade measures, such as antidumping and countervailing duties, were intentionally used solely for protectionist reasons. The WTO’s strengthened rules and regulations will significantly reduce the abusing of such trade measures by its member countries. The WTO is also equipped with an improved dispute settlement mechanism. Accordingly, we expect to see a more effective resolution of trade disputes among the member countries in this new trade environment.Third, new multilateral rules have been established to cover areas which the GATT did not address, such as international trade in services and the protection of intellectual property rights. There still remain a number of problems that need to be resolved before international trade in services can be completely liberalized, and newly- developed ideas or technologies are fairly compensated. However, just the establishment of multilateral rules in these new areas is a distinguished contribution to the progress toward a global free trade system.Along with the launching of the WTO, this new era in world trade is characterized by a change in the structure of the world economy. Today, a world-wide market for goods and services is rapidly replacing a world economy composed of relatively isolated national markets. Domestic financial markets have been integrated into a truly global system, and the multinational corporation is becoming a principle mechanism for allocating investment capital and determining the location of production sites throughout much of the world.

阅读理解This historic landing of a spacecraft on a comet turned out to be not one but three landings as the craft hopped across the surface. Because of the failure of a thruster that was to press it against the comet’s surface after touching down, the European Space Agency’s Philae lander, part of the $1.75 billion Rosetta mission, bounded up more than half a mile before falling to the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko again nearly two hours later, more than half a mile away. That is a considerable distance across a comet that is only 2.5 miles wide.Philae then bounced again, less high, and ended up with only two of its three legs on the surface, tipped against a boulder, a wall of rock or perhaps the side of a hole. “We are almost vertical, one foot probably in the open air — open space. I’m sorry, there is no air around,” Jean-Pierre Bibring, the lead lander scientist, said at a news conference on Thursday.In the skewed position, Philae’s solar panels are generating much less power than had been planned, and when its batteries drain in a couple of days, it may not be able to recharge. As the comet rotates once every 12 hours, the lander is receiving only about 1.5 hours of sunlight instead of the expected six to seven hours.Despite the bumpy landing, Philae remained in contact with the Rosetta orbiter and performed its initial set of observations, including photographs of a cliff above the spacecraft. Stephan Ulamec, the lander’s manager, said he was reluctant to do anything requiring mechanical movement that might tip Philae onto its back. “We need to be very careful about deploying instruments,” he said.Later in the day, however, scientists announced via Twitter that they would proceed with plans to use Philae’s Mupus instrument (short for Multipurpose Sensors for Surface and Subsurface Science), which is to hammer a 14-inch-long hollow rod into the comet to measure properties including temperature, density and hardness. “We will deploy the Mupus penetrator for 2/3 of the max. length and then insert it,” the post said. “Should happen before midnight. Keep fingers crossed.”Philae is the first spacecraft to land on a comet, a remarkable feat that will allow scientists to investigate one of the frozen leftovers from the formation of the solar system. When the touchdown signal arrived at the spacecraft operations center in Darmstadt, Germany, the celebrations started.The lander had hit its landing target almost exactly, Dr. Bibring said. Dr. Ulamec reported that its speed at landing was about one meter per second, or 2.2 miles per hour, a leisurely walking pace.But two harpoons that were to have secured Philae to the surface never fired. And so, with radio signals taking 28 minutes to travel the 316 million miles from Rosetta, as mission scientists were celebrating its landing, Philae was back in space; it had recoiled upward at a speed of 38 centimeters a second, or less than a mile per hour. With the weak gravitational pull of the comet, Philae traveled high and far before touching down gain.The second bounce was smaller, with the lander leaving the surface at less than one-tenth the speed of the first bounce. “We have a better understanding now how we got there,” Dr. Ulamec said. “We still do not really know where.” Joel W. Parker, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo., who has worked on the Rosetta project, said scientists had much to learn from the lander’s signals. “They may have enough data to sift through from the various instruments to do a ‘C.S.I. Philae’ and piece it all together,” Dr. Parker said by email.Dr. Bibring took some umbrage at suggestions that the landing was a failure, pointing to the wealth of scientific data that has already been collected and how much had gone right.It’s gorgeous where we are,” he said.

阅读理解Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

阅读理解On the 36th day after they had voted, Americans finally learned Wednesday who would be their next president: Governor George W. Bush of Texas.Vice President Al Gore, his last realistic avenue for legal challenge closed by a U. S. Supreme Court decision late Tuesday, planned to end the contest formally in a televised evening speech of perhaps 10 minutes, advisers said.They said that Senator Joseph Lieberman, his vice presidential running mate, would first make brief comments. The men would speak from a ceremonial chamber of the Old Executive office Building, to the west of the White House.The dozens of political workers and lawyers who had helped lead Mr. Gore’s unprecedented fight to claw a come- from-behind electoral victory in the pivotal state of Florida were thanked Wednesday and asked to stand down.“The vice president has directed the recount committee to suspend activities,” William Daley, the Gore campaign chairman, said in a written statement.Mr. Gore authorized that statement after meeting with his wife, Tipper, and with top advisers including Mr. Daley.He was expected to telephone Mr. Bush during the day. The Bush campaign kept a low profile and moved carefully, as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next steps.Yet, at the end of a trying and tumultuous process that had focused world attention on sleepless vote counters across Florida, and on courtrooms from Miami to Tallahassee to Atlanta to Washington the Texas governor was set to become the 43d U. S. president.The news of Mr. Gore’s plans followed the longest and most rancorous dispute over a U. S. presidential election in more than a century, one certain to leave scars in a badly divided country.It was a bitter ending for Mr. Gore, who had outpolled Mr. Bush nationwide by some 300000 votes, but, without Florida, fell short in the Electoral College by 371 votes to 367—the narrowest Electoral College victory since “the turbulent election” of 1876.Mr. Gore was said to be distressed by what he and many Democratic activists felt was a partisan decision from the nation’s highest court.The 5-to-4 decision of the Supreme Court held, in essence, that while a vote recount in Florida could be conducted in legal and constitutional fashion, as Mr. Gore had sought, this could not be done by the Dec. 13 deadline for states to select their presidential electors.James Baker 3rd, the former secretary of state who represented Mr. Bush in the Florida dispute, issued a short statement after the U. S. high court ruling, saying that the governor was “very pleased and gratified.Mr. Bush was planning a nationwide speech aimed at trying to begin to heal the country’s deep, aching and varied divisions. He then was expected to meet with congressional leaders, including Democrats. Dick Cheney, Mr. Bush’s ruing mate, was meeting with congressmen Wednesday in Washington.When Mr. Bush, who is 54, is sworn into office on Jan.30, he will be only the second son of a president to follow his father to the White House, after John Adams and John Quincy Adams in the early 19th century.Mr. Gore, in his speech, was expected to thank his supporters, defend his hive-week battle as an effort to ensure, as a matter of principle, that every vote be counted, and call for the nation to join behind the new president. He was described by an aide as “resolved and resigned.While some constitutional experts had said they believed states could present electors as late as Dec. 18, the U. S. high court made clear that it saw no such leeway.The U.S. high court sent back “for revision” to the Florida court its order allowing recounts but made clear that for all practical purposes the election was over.In its unsigned main opinion, the court declared, “The recount process, in its features here described, is inconsistent with the minimum procedures necessary to protect the fundamental right of each voter.That decision, by a court fractured along philosophical lines, left one liberal justice charging that the high court’s proceedings bore a political taint.Justice John Paul Stevens wrote in an angry dissent: “Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year’s presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the nation’s confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the law.”But at the end of five seemingly endless weeks, during which the physical, legal and constitutional machines of the U. S. election were pressed and sorely tested in ways unseen in more than a century, the system finally produced a result, and one most Americans appeared to be willing at lease provisionally to support.The Bush team welcomed the news with an outward show of restraint and aplomb. The governor’s hopes had risen and fallen so many times since Election night, and the legal warriors of each side suffered through so many dramatic reversals, that there was little energy left for celebration.

单选题These were the people who _____ using force to stop violence.

单选题As a boy Mark Twain used to play practical jokes _____ all friends and neighbors.

单选题The tenant left nothing behind except some _____ of paper, cloth, etc.

单选题I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.

单选题Instead of trying to imitate reality in their works, many artists of the early twentieth century _____ their feelings and ideas in abstract art.

单选题Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it _____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

单选题Shares on the stock market have _____ as a result of a worldwide economic downturn.

单选题It took him several months to _____ the wild horse.

单选题Whenever possible, Ian _____ how well he speaks Japanese.

单选题This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community _____ any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women.