阅读理解Knowing that Mrs

阅读理解Passage 3 The expansion of universities is one marked feature of the social life in the present age

阅读理解Passage 3 As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenth century North American Colonies, the silversmith and the coppersmith businesses rose to serve it

阅读理解Greece, economically, is in the black

阅读理解Passage H For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the paperless office is a classic example of high-tech hubris

阅读理解Text 4 I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only common people of the world could meet each other at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 3People who spend their days glued to networking websites such as Facebook and Twitter are more likely to bedepressed, a new U.K. study has revealed.A team of researchers at the University of Leeds have conducted the first large-scale survey of its kind to find a linkbetween the Internet and depression.“The Internet now plays a huge part in modern life, but its benefits are accompanied by a darker side,” saidpsychologist Catriona Morrison, lead author of the study, which is published in the journal Psychopathology Today.The survey was administered online, with adverts place on social-networking sites, and 1,319 people took the tests.Participants were asked to answer questions in an Internet Addiction Test. Internet Function Test (to see what peopleuse the Internet for most) and the Beck Depression Inventory.Morrison and her team found that 18 respondents were “Internet addicted”. When matched against not-addictedInternet users within the survey, the difference in depression ratings was significant; the addicts showed higher levelsof depression than their non-addicted counterparts.In addition, the team found a correlation between the type of sites visited and the level of user addition. According tothe study, Internet addicts spent more time on “gaming websites and online community chat”, whereas the non-addicted group perused (浏览) a wider range of site.But Morrison acknowledged some caveats (为防止误解而作的说明) to the study. The Internet Addiction Test,although a useful tool in studying this modern age addiction, is not a foolproof method of diagnosis. New testsincorporating (包含) measures of social isolation and loneliness may provide a more accurate measure to continue inthis area.“What is clear”, said Morrison, “is that for a small subset of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warningsignal for depressive tendencies.”The study also leaves many questions unanswered. Having found a correlation, future studies may try to determinethe cause. Do people become depressed because they are addicted to the Internet or turn to the Internet becausethey’re depressed?Morrison hopes future studies of Internet users will help define what this link might be. “We now need to considerthe wider societal implications of this relationship and confirm clearly the effects of excessive Internet use on mentalhealth.”

阅读理解No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead

阅读理解Passage 2 The other day, I walked into an airport mens room, which was empty except for one man, who appeared to be having a loud, animated conversation with a urinal

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 2Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a windowopens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated hisrevolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural repairwork that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is “off line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mentalevents can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’syour dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, “if you don’t like it,change it.”The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem tohave more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they areworking through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily lifewe don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control overrecurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you wouldlike it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practicepeople can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us fromsleeping or “we wake up in panic”. Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings ofinsecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from atherapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it andyou’ll feel better in the morning.

阅读理解Passage 1 By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder

阅读理解One of the first men to make a commercial success of food conservation was Henry John Heinz

阅读理解Passage Three A new low carbon home in Hawkhurst, in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, built with the latest green technologies is expected to slash energy bills by around three quarters

阅读理解Passage 3 Ask motorcyclists why they love to ride two-wheelers, and they often wax poetic

阅读理解Believe it or not, optical illusion（错觉）can cut highway crashes

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should deicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneFor years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence and that it is just around the corner. The truth is that it may be just around the corner but they haven’t yet found the right block.Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computers can now play very, very good chess. They can’t beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a machine? The answer is that the machine doesn’t do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute-force search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best. Humans don’t play chess that way. They see patterns, which computers don’t.This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no flexibility, no common sense. So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence, aim to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting. There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do. The hallmark of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one, computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.

阅读理解TEXT 3 Incidents like this are happening every day

阅读理解A is for always getting to work on time

阅读理解Yellow, when golden, connotes quality, but in its more garish shades evokes the cut-rate, not always an undesirable effect

阅读理解Human Beings are odd creatures sometimes