阅读理解Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty

阅读理解Passage Two Two important movements in the history of painting arc featured in the exhibition, American Impression and Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885 1915

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 3Travelers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a discreet corner via an “aroma box”, a machine which blows warm, scented air into the environment. It can scent the area of an average high street shop with the smell of the chocolate, freshly cut grass, or sea breezes, in fact any synthetic odors that can be made to smell like the real thing.Heathrow’s move into “sensory” marketing is the latest in a long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology—the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior to help sell products. Marketing people call this “atmospherics”—using sounds or smells to manipulate consumer behavior. On Valentine’s Day two years ago the chain of chemist’s Super-dog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. The smell of chocolate is supposed to have the effect of reducing concentration and making customers relax. “Chocolate is associated with love”, said a marketing spokeswoman, “we thought it would get people in the mood for romance.” She did not reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money.However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon- scented detergent more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that the detergent used in both was identical. On the other hand, a coconut-scented suntan lotion was rated more effective that a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shopping than other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and expressed a stronger intention to visit the store again in the future.Music too has long been used in supermarkets for marketing purposes. Supermarkets are aware, for example, that slow music causes customers to stay longer in the shop (and hopefully buy more things). At Leicester University psychologists have found that a specific kind of music can influence consumer behavior. In a supermarket French wine sold at the rate of 76% compared to 20% German wine when French accordion music was played. The same thing happened in reverse when German Bierkeller music was played. In one American study people even bought more expensive wines when classical music was played instead of country music.Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotions, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to evoke emotion-filled memories. Research suggests however that this is a myth and that a photograph or a voice is just as likely to evoke a memory as a smell. Perhaps the reason for this myth is because smells, as opposed to sights and sounds, are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.

阅读理解Text B Nowadays, with women playing an ever-increasing role in all kinds of careers and professions, it is difficult to understand that there was a time when no medical school would accept a woman

阅读理解Passage D Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grow older

阅读理解Passage C In 776 B

阅读理解Passage 5 Museum is a slippery word

阅读理解Passage 3 We have to admire Suzanne Somerss persistence

阅读理解Passage 2 A recent article indicated that business schools were going to encourage the study of ethics as part of the curriculum

阅读理解Text B Birds that are literally half asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepingcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks

阅读理解Nonetheless, variations in talking speed are less a matter of context than of the speakers basic personality

阅读理解Passage 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work

阅读理解(1) When Steven Judy was executed in Indiana [in 1981] America took another step back towards legitimizing murder as a way of dealing with evil in our society

阅读理解Passage E There were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain rather than in France, the other great power of the day

阅读理解Accents tend to reflect existing prejudices towards people we hear using them

阅读理解Passage 4 Habit is a second nature! Habit is ten times nature,the Duke of Wellington is said to have exclaimed; and the degree to which this is true no one probably can appreciate as well as one who is a veteran soldier himself

阅读理解Passage 2 We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness

阅读理解Passage Three History is written by the victors

阅读理解Passage A Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food

阅读理解Every healthy able-bodied young American is encouraged to participate in organized athletic sportsteamsports