复合题From 2007 to 2010, American households lost $11 trillion in real estate, savings, and stocks. More than half of all U. S. workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession. The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live, work, and spend—even the way they think about the future.For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander, Wisconsin, by his company forcing the family to move in a hurry. The couple bought a new house but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake, Minnesota. With two mortgages（ 抵押借款） , and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn’t imagine how to stretch her husband’s paycheck to keep her family fed.Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical, a forum for gardeners, many with an interest in sustainability. “The more I read and discussed these practices, the more I realized this would help not only our budget but also our health,” she says.Cindy admits that before the recession, she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner. “I grew flowers mostly—I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting.” But to stretch her budget, she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry beds to apple trees—and as her first seedlings grew, her spirits lifted. She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver; they’re a genuine pleasure. “It’s brought us closer together as a family, too,’’ she says. Her kids voluntarily pitch in with（ 主动帮助） the garden work, and the family cooks together instead of eating out. The food tastes better—it’s fresher and organic— and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose: cost cutting. Now she spends about $200 to $300 a month on groceries, less than half of the $650 a month that she used to lay out.After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times, Cindy is no longer easily discouraged. “It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,” she says. “I feel accomplished, and I’m more confident about attempting things I’ve never done before.” Now she avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit, quilt, and make her own soap. “I don’t think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t for the recession,” she says. “I have a feeling that from now on, it will affect my family’s health and happiness for the better.”

复合题Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should de

复合题Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 4In 2011, many shoppers chose to avo

复合题Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 3Play is the principal business of c

复合题Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should de

复合题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic（ 官僚主 义的） management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth- century “free enterprise capitalism”? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

复合题Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 2A proven method for effe

复合题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th

复合题Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 2President Coolidge’s statement, “Th

复合题Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 4As a young bond trader, Buttonwood

复合题Text 4The widely held assumption that people would volunteer for AIDS-tests in droves once treatment became available was wrong. And the reason for that appears to be that the government has not managed to reduce the stigma associated with AIDS, and thus with seeking out a test for it if you suspect you might be infected.To combat this, the whole basis of AIDS testing in Botswana has just been changed. The idea is to “downgrade,” the process into something low-key, routine and stigma-free. Until now, a potential test subject had to opt in, by asking for a test. Having asked, he was given 40 minutes of counseling to make sure he really knew what he was doing before any test was carried out. The new policy is to people routinely when they visit the doctor. That way, having a test cannot be seen as an indication that an individual believes he may be infected. The test is not compulsory, but objectors must actively opt out. Silence is assumed to be consent, and no counseling is offered-just as would be the case for any other infectious disease.This policy shift is probably just the first of many that will take place in Botswana, South Africa and other African countries that are planning the mass provision of anti-AlDS drugs in public hospitals. Dwain Ndwapi, a doctor at Botswana’s largest AIDS clinic thinks that there are circumstances in which testing should be compulsory. In particular he believes that the currently high rate of transmission from mothers to new-born children could be reduced to zero if expectant mothers were always tested—and if those who proved positive were treated with an appropriate anti-retroviral before they gave birth. Another controversial change in the air is to reduce the frequency of two costly tests of patients’ blood. Viral-load tests and CD4-cell counts both measure how acute an individual’s infection has become. That helps a patient’s doctor to decide when to prescribe anti-retrovirals. But laboratory capacity in Africa is inadequate for regular testing of the millions of people that need such drugs-at least if the tests are carried out as frequently as they would be in a rich country. Less frequent testing of each individual would allow more individuals to be given at least some tests.But that must be balanced against the need to treat more people faster. Doctors in Botswana are staggered at how desperately sick many patients are when they first arrive. They had expected people to walk into clinics for AIDS tests. Instead, many come in on stretchers on the verge of death. Treating the very ill takes much more lime and money than giving anti-AIDS pills to relatively healthy people, and it means that these people may have been inadvertently infecting others for longer. If routine tests persuade more patients to gel help before they slump on a stretcher, all the better.

复合题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.People have wondered

复合题The discovery of radar, the sending out of electromagnetic waves and judging the obstacles ahead by the returning echo, made some investigators wonder if this was not the system employed by bats. A series of experiments was conducted, and some fascinating things were discovered. First of all, some bats were blindfolded（ 蒙住眼睛） with tiny pieces of wax over their eyes, and as usual they had no difficulty in flying to and from without, hitting anything. Then it was found that if they were blindfolded and their ears were covered they were no longer able to avoid collisions（碰撞） , and, in fact, did not seem at all keen on flying in the first place. If only one ear was covered they could fly with only moderate success, and would frequently hit objects. This showed that bats could get information about the obstacles ahead by means of sound waves reflected from them. Then the investigators covered the noses and mouths of their bats, but left the ears uncovered, and again the bats were unable to fly without collision. This proved that the nose, ears, and mouth all played some part in the bat’s radar system. Eventually, by the use of extremely delicate instruments, the facts were discovered. As the bat flies along, it sends out continuous succession of supersonic（超声的） squeaks（尖叫声） , far too high for the human ear to pick up.They give out, in fact, about thirty squeaks a second. The echoes from these squeaks, bouncing off the obstacles ahead, return to the bat’s ears and, in some species, to the curious fleshy ridges round the creature’s nose, and the bat can thus tell what lies ahead, and how far away it is. It is, intact, in every detail the principle of radar.

复合题Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Text 2Monkeys and chimpanzees, although

复合题Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Text 4How good are grades as method of

复合题Directions: For passages 1 to 4, each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best

复合题Directions: For passages 1 to 4, each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Decide on the best choice and

复合题Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1“High tech” and “s

复合题Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.

复合题Directions: Translate the following sentences into English by using the words or phrases provided. Write down youranswers on the Answer Sheet.