阅读下面材料，根据要求作文。 庄子有语云：“吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。”这句话诠释了终身学习的深刻内涵。在现代科学技术日新月异、迅猛发展的今天

人体的基本生命中枢位于脑干，它的组成是______

在高血脂患者的膳食中，应当适当提高哪种营养物质的摄入比例______

记忆过程包括______。

王老师在农村的某小学兢兢业业工作了几十年，深受学生及家长的爱戴。但是，随着互联网的普及

阅读下列材料，回答问题。 材料一 “长吉图开发开放先导区”(如下图)以吉林省长春、吉林和图们一代为核心，中蒙大通道贯穿其中，向外辐射东北经济区、大图们经济圈和东北亚经济区

阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。 美国心理学家罗森塔尔和助手们来到一所小学，罗森塔尔以赞许的口吻将一份“最有发展前途者”的名单交给了校长和相关老师

“动人以言者，其感不深；动人以行者，其应必速。”这句话说明，教师要______。

在运动过程中，由于损伤导致前臂出血时，应及时指压______

为下面歌曲编配二声部合唱。要求：为歌曲片段创作低音声部，和声序进合理。

现代教育发展的根本动因是______

依据《普通高中音乐课程标准(实验)》基本理念，分析课例，并对其教学过程进行点评。根据《普通高中音乐课程标准(实验)》基本理念，对教学设计进行分析，并说明理由。【课题名称】《长江之歌》【教学对象】必修“鉴赏”模块的学生【教学内容】演唱《长江之歌》【主要目标】学习《长江之歌》能够完整演唱。【教学过程片段】一、导入阶段二、展开阶段：新课教学1．老师播放《长江之歌》，学生欣赏2．视唱歌曲旋律(1)学生随琴模唱歌曲旋律，老师注意纠错。(2)学生随琴学习歌曲旋律。3．演唱歌词(1)学生朗读歌词。(2)学生随钢琴填入歌词演唱。4．拓展延伸(1)学生进行分组表演唱。(2)学生根据旋律创编歌词。5．小结作业

阅读理解 These days, many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems. These systems help keep the buildings cool, but they can also damage the environment. Since they use a lot of electricity, for instance, they contribute indirectly to global warming. In addition, the water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, that are believed to damage the Earth's ozone layer. Recently, though, a system has been built in the city of Toronto, Canada, that cools buildings with little damage to the environment. In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings, water is pumped through the building in a continuous cycle. The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃ in machines called chillers. It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room. As the water flows through the building, it gradually becomes warmer. Finally, it reaches the roof, where it is left to cool down naturally in a water tower. After that it is returned to the chillers, where the cycle begins again. Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario, one of North America' s Great Lakes, and the new system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake. At this depth, the water in the lake remains at 4℃ all year round. This is exactly the temperature to which the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled. However, the water from the lake is not pumped directly into the air-conditioning systems. Instead, it is used to cool the water that is already inside the air-conditioning systems. After that, the lake water is added to the city's ordinary water supply. Enwave, the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system, says that it uses 75 percent less energy than traditional air conditioning. And since no CFCs are used, no damage can be caused to the ozone layer. Not every city is located next to a large lake, but experts believe that systems like the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.

阅读理解 For centuries in Spain and Latin America, heading home for lunch and a snooze with the family was something like a national right, but with global capitalism standardizing work hours, this idyllic habit is fast becoming an endangered pleasure. Ironically, all this is happening just as researchers are beginning to note the health benefits of the afternoon nap. According to a nationwide survey, less than 25 percent of Spaniards still enjoy siestas. And like Spain, much of Latin America has adopted Americanized work schedules, too, with shortened lunch times and more rigid work hours. Last year the Mexican government passed a law limiting lunch breaks to one hour and requiring its employees to work their eight-hour shift between 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. Before the mandate, workers would break up the shift—going home midday for a long break with the family and returning to work until about 9 or 10 p.m. The idea of siesta is changing in Greece, Italy and Portugal, too, as they rush to join their more "industrious" counterparts in the global market. Most Americans I know covet sleep, but the idea of taking a nap mid-afternoon equates with laziness, unemployment and general sneakiness. Yet according to a National Sleep Survey poll, 65 percent of adults do not get enough sleep. Numerous scientific studies document the benefits of nap taking, including one 1997 study on the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation in the journal Internal Medicine. The researchers found that fatigue harms not only marital and social relations but worker productivity. According to Mark Rosekind, a former NASA scientist and founder of Solutions in Cupertino, Calif., which educates businesses about the advantages of sanctioning naps, we're biologically programmed to get sleepy between 3 and 5 p.m. and 3 and 5 a.m. Our internal timekeeper—called the circadian clock—operates on a 24-hour rotation and every 12 hours there's a dip. In accordance with these natural sleep rhythms, Rosekind recommends that naps be either for 40 minutes or for two hours. Latin American countries, asserts Rosekind, have had it right all along. They've been in sync with their clocks; we haven't. Since most of the world is sleep-deprived, getting well under the recommended eight hours a night (adults get an average of 6.5 hours nightly), we usually operate on a kind of idle midday. Naps are even more useful now that most of us forfeit sleep because of insane work schedules, longer commute times and stress. In a study published last April, Brazilian medical researchers noted that blood pressure and arterial blood pressure dropped during a siesta.

阅读理解 The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness. As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places, some of the country's most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2, 500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms. These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience. A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 500 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art? Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates. The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards. The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.

阅读理解 One of the world's first videogames, Tetris, has turned thirty years old, and its brand is anything but old school. But what's kept people swiping and clicking to ensure each row of blocks stays aligned and disappears into the virtual world since its development in 1984 Soviet Russia? A combination of new platforms and an attracting psychological appeal. Maya Rogers, the CEO of Blue Planet Software, the sole agent of the Tetris brand, said the protection of the game's core over the last three decades has aided its longevity. As mobile and social become two of the largest sources for gaming these days, Tetris isn't showing any signs of losing its appeal. Currently appearing on over 50 different gaming platforms, from the 1983 Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) to smartphones, Tetris is sold on over 425 million mobile devices. More than 20 billion games of Tetris Battle have been played on Facebook, too. There's something psychologically entrancing about the game, that's kept people hooked through the years. "Play a game of Tetris," said Rogers, "and satisfy your craving to create order out of chaos." Plus, there's the added quality of playing Tetris and never feeling wholly fulfilled. "There's no correct move that you can make," said Neubauer, a loyal player of the game who work as a senior analyst at Saibus Research, an independent research and advisory firm, "The quest for the perfect move never ends." Tom Stafford, a professor of cognitive development and psychology at Sheffield University in the U.K., says that Tetris has been around so long because it transports gamers into a different realm when they play. "It's a world of perpetually generating uncompleted tasks," he said. As he's said in the past, too, "Tetris is the granddaddy of puzzle games like Candy Crush saga—the things that keep us puzzling away for hours, days and weeks." "Tetris is pure game: there is no benefit to it, nothing to learn, no social or physical consequence," he added. "It is almost completely pointless, but keeps us coming back for more."

阅读理解 For Chen Hua, 28, an automobile engineer in Shanghai, reading out English text aloud after taking pronunciation lessons on a mobile app has become an evening routine. Chen might skip dinner, but wouldn't trade even one language class delivered by the app for anything. Not having been using English much since leaving college, Chen feels the pressure to pick it up using spare time. The "pressure" arises from a constant fear of being left behind as English-proficient peers appear to get ahead. Academic circles refer to this as "middle-class anxiety", which is grasping some sections of China's population. In a report released by leading online recruiter Zhaopin in January, one-fourth of surveyed white-collar workers said they feel more stressed than inspired, citing reasons from unstable paychecks to gloomy career prospects. Most important of all, many people worry that the worth and utility of their knowledge and qualifications could erode due to thriving technological progress, globalism and entrepreneurship. "Intensified peer pressure, especially at workplaces, is one factor that fuels our business," said Wang Yi, CEO of Liulishuo, an English-learning app that Chen uses every day. Wang, a Princeton computer science graduate and former product manager at Google Inc, launched the app over five years ago with the intention to disrupt China's hidebound brick-and-mortar language schools. Liulishuo—it is Chinese for "speaking fluently" —brings social media and gaming elements to the genre. Wang said that unlike pre-school or K12 education, the adult-learning market is characterized by an inherent desire for self-improvement. Students of online adult education courses feel the fee is money well spent. To personalize offerings, Liulishuo has introduced big data and algorithms to quantify multiple dimensions of speech, as well as automatically tailor courses so that the courses could walk a fine line between challenging the students and discouraging them to the extent that they quit learning. Actually, this is not just confined to language courses. China's growing learners have shown they will spend time on the right educational programs.

阅读理解 Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. "As long as it works," he said in 1991, "I'll continue to do those commercials." Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. "He still won't let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes," Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. "He fed me," Thomas said, "and if I got out of line, he'd beat me." Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind. "I thought, if I owned a restaurant," he said, "I could eat for free." A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $6 billion a year in sales. Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him most likely to succeed. "The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave," says friend Pat Williams. "He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody".

阅读理解 In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics" are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn' t explain how ideas actually spread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the "two-step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends. In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don' t seem to be required of all. The researchers' argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades"—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

阅读理解 Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find. "Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual, " says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance." Ravitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. "Continuing along this path, " says writer Earl Shorris, "we will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society." "Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege, " writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing." Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise."