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问答题(c) Defi ne ‘environmental risk’. Distinguish between strategic and operational risks and explain why the environmental risks at JGP are strategic. (10 marks)

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问答题4.Pulpo is a local pulp and paper factory. As a subsidiary of a major international company, Pulpo has not produced a social and environmental report for itself, but instead provided data which was fed into the parent company’s group report. There was some discussion about Pulpo having an environmental report on its own website but no resources were provided for its development, so nothing ever materialised. Mary Wong was the manager at Pulpo whose responsibility was to monitor and report on environmental emissions.It was her responsibility to monitor emissions and to feed data into the company’s internal control systems on resource consumption (energy and water) and waste. It was a job she enjoyed because it enabled her to express her personal concern for the environment in her work. When she took over her role two years ago, she was told that the company had very ambitious voluntary emission targets and that they would eventually be reduced to make the company even more environmentally responsible over time. Mary found this exciting and it was on this basis that she agreed to accept the appointment. Because of the sensitive nature of some of the data she managed, her employment terms and conditions included a confidentiality clause in which she agreed never to publicly disclose the environmental targets or the company’s performance against them. When investment in new manufacturing capital was delayed because of a deteriorating profit performance, Mary was informed that the emissions target would be temporarily increased because the ageing equipment would not be able to maintain the low level of emissions. Dismayed by this change, she complained to the company chief executive but was told that she had to accept the higher emissions until the company could afford its factory investment, which could be several years in the future. She decided that the most effective way to deal with this change was to publicise it to the local newspaper and to the nearby residents’ association, both of whom had been longstanding critics of the factory’s impacts on the environment.The public reacted angrily to the disclosure as it was already considered a ‘dirty’ factory which often emitted fumes and effluent, which polluted the local river. When the board of the company discovered her actions, she was dismissed for breach of her terms and conditions in publically disclosing the confidential information. Required:

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问答题(b) Explain why establishing a business case, managing benefi ts and undertaking benefi ts realisation are essential requirements despite the claimed ‘self-evident’ justifi cation of adopting e-assessment at the IAA. (10 marks)

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问答题(b) Using appropriate organisation confi guration stereotypes identifi ed by Henry Mintzberg, explain how an understanding of organisation confi guration could have helped predict the failure of Ann Li’s proposed formalisation of structure, controls and processes at Frigate Ltd. (10 marks)