单选题面对复杂的实际问题，常需要建立数学模型来求解，但根据数学模型求出的解答可能不符合实际情况，故还需分析模型参数和输入数据的微小变化是否会引起输出结果的很大变化。这种分析常称为______。

单选题设计模式(Design pattern)是一套被反复使用、多数人知晓、经过分类编目的、代码设计经验的总结。下面关于设计模式所倡导的基本原则的描述，错误的是 (17) 。 A．模块应对扩展开放，而对修改关闭 B．优先使用继承，而不是组合 C．要针对接口编程，而不是针对实现编程 D．抽象不应该依赖于细节，细节应当依赖于抽象

单选题图1-8描述了一种设计模式，该设计模式不可以______。

单选题原型化方法是一类动态定义需求的方法，______不是原型化方法所具有的特征。与结构化方法相比，原型化方法更需要______。衡量原型开发人员能力的重要标准是______。

单选题“十二五”规划指出，战略性新兴产业是国家重点扶持的对象。 《国务院关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定》中列出了七大国家战略性新兴产业体系，其中包括新一代 (28) 。

单选题在软件项目管理中可以使用各种图形工具来辅助决策，以下对Gantt图的描述错误的是______。 A．Gantt图不能表现各个活动的顺序和它们之问的因果关系 B．Gantt图不能表现哪些活动可以并行性 C．Gantt图可以表现各个活动的起始时间 D．Gantt图可以表现各个活动完成的进度

单选题面向对象技术中，______的基本功能，是将一个对象的工作分配到与之相关的更为特殊的对象上，它既可静态定义也可动态定义。

单选题 螺旋模型将瀑布模型和______结合起来，强调项目的风险分析，特别适合大型复杂系统的开发过程。螺旋模型沿着螺线进行若干次迭代，依次经历了计划指定、风险分析、工程实施和______四个主要活动。

单选题软件测试是为了发现错误而执行程序的过程。检验软件是否满足用户需求的测试称为 (114) 。 (115) 是维护中常用的方法，其目的是检验修改所引起的副作用。黑盒测试法主要根据 (116) 来设计测试用例。

单选题Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an (11) technique that allows an organization to determine the actual (12) associated with each product and service produced by the organization without regard to the organizational structure. This chapter explains some of the uses and benefits of Activity Based Costing. We use IDEFO (13) modeling in conjunction with ABC to enable more effective business (14) design decisions. In order to achieve the major goals of business process improvement, process simplification and improvement, FAA managers need to fully understand the cost, time, and quality of activities performed by employees or machines throughout an entire organization. ABC methods enable (15) to cost out measurements to business simplification and process improvement.

单选题某文件管理系统在磁盘上建立了位示图(bitmap)，记录磁盘的使用情况。若磁盘上的物理块依次编号为：0、1、2、…，系统中字长为32位，每一位对应文件存储器上的一个物理块，取值0和1分别表示空闲和占用，如下所示。假设将4195号物理块分配给某文件，那么该物理块的使用情况在位示图中的第(7)个字中描述；系统应该将(8)。

单选题希赛公司网上销售管理系统的数据库部分关系模式如下所示。其中，客户号唯一标识一位客户，产品号唯一标识一件产品，订单号唯一标识一份订单。一份订单必须且仅对应一位客户，一份订单可由一到多条订单明细组成，一位客户可以有多份订单。 客户(客户号，姓名，性别，地址，邮编) 产品(产品号，名称，库存，单价) 订单(订单号，时间，金额，客户号) 订单明细(订单号，产品号，数量) 订单关系模式的主键为 (18) ；订单明细关系模式的主键为 (19) ；其中订单的外键为 (20) 。

单选题Although the bulk of industry resources and energies have focused on developing the fastest (11) or slickest (12) , more and more mindshare is turning to the evolution of the computer interface. Advancements in the areas of input devices, (13) processing and virtual reality could lead to fundamental changes in the way human and computer interact. The technological battlefield of the future will be adding layers between the user and the raw machine to make the (14) as invisible as possible. (15) represents the next evolutionary step for the interface.

单选题紧耦合多机系统一般通过 (13) 实现多机间的通信。对称多处理器结构(SMP)属于 (14) 系统。

单选题信息战略规划报告应由3个主要部分组成：摘要、规划和附录。其中摘要涉及的主题包括信息战略规划所涉及的范围、企业的业务目标和战略重点、信息技术对企业业务的影响、对现有信息环境的评价、推荐的系统战略、推荐的技术战略、推荐的组织战略、推荐的行动计划等，其中系统战略是关于 (10) 和 (11) 的总结。

单选题采用Kerberos系统进行认证时，可以在报文中加入______来防止重放攻击。

单选题 Accelerated analysis approaches emphasize the construction of{{U}} {{U}} 71 {{/U}} {{/U}}to more rapidly identify business and user requirements for a new system. As an accelerated analysis technology, {{U}} {{U}} 72 {{/U}} {{/U}}reads the program code and automatically generates the equivalent system model, and the code can be obtained from{{U}} {{U}} 73 {{/U}} {{/U}}. All system analysis approaches require some form of{{U}} {{U}} 74 {{/U}} {{/U}}which includes those techniques to be used to identify or extract system problems and solution requirements from user community.{{U}} {{U}} 75 {{/U}} {{/U}}is a classical set of techniques used to collect information about system problems, opportunities, solution requirements, and priorities.

单选题When the system upon which a transport entity is running fails and subsequently restarts, the (21) information of all active connections is lost. The affected connections become half-open, as the side that did not fail does not yet realize the problem. The still active side of a half-open connections can close the connection using a (22) timer. This timer measures the time the transport machine will continue to await an (23) of a transmitted segment after the segment has been retransmitted the maximum number of times.0 When the timer (24) , the transport entity assumes that either the other transport entity or the intervening network has failed. As a result, the timer closes the connection, and signals an abnormal close to the TS user. In the event that a transport entity fails and quickly restarts, half-open connections can be terminated more quickly by the use of the RST segment, the failed side returns an RST i to every segment i that it receives, when the RST i reaches the other side, it must be checked for validity based on the (25) number i, as the RST could be in response to an old segment, if the reset is valid, the transport entity performs an abnormal termination.

单选题 (22) 不属于PKI CA认证中心的功能。

单选题VRML is a (151) for 3D multimedia and shared virtual worlds on the WWW. In comparison to HTML, VRML adds the next level of interaction, structured graphics, and extra (152) (z and time) to the presentation of documents. The applications of VRML are (153) , ranging from simple business graphics to entertaining WWW page graphics, manufacturing, scientific, entertainment, and educational applications, and 3D shared virtual worlds and communities. X3D is the name under which the development of VRML is continued. X3D is based on XML and is backwards (154) with VRML. Furthermore, it is componentized, profiled, and extensible, which makes it possible to use X3D in very different (155) , from high-end visualizations to lightweight applications.