单选题下图表示从城市A到城市B运煤的各种路线，各线段上的数字表示该线段运煤所需的费用(百元/车)。城市A有三个装货点，城市B有三个卸货点，各点旁标注的数字表示装/卸煤所需的费用(百元/车)。根据该图，从城市A的一个装货点经过一条路线到城市B的一个卸货点所需的装、运、卸总费用至少为______(百元/车)。

单选题 (16) 是关于质量管理体系的一系列标准，有助于企业交付符合用户质量要求的产品。商业秘密是我国 (17) 保护的一项重要内容，它包括技术秘密和经营秘密两项基本内容。某程序员利用他人已有的财务管理信息系统软件中所用的处理过程和运算方法，为某企业开发出财务管理软件，则该程序员 (18) 。

单选题A．信息系统集成项目 B．管理变革项目 C．技术改造项目 D．工作流实施项目

单选题典型的事务服务器系统包括多个在共享内存中访问数据的进程，其中（ ）监控其它进程，一旦进程失败，它将为该失败进程执行恢复动作，并重启该进程

单选题In the following essay, each blank has four choices. Choose the best answer and write down on the answer sheet. It is more and more usual that users of Information Retrieval (IR) systems must face up to response of hundreds or thousands of (66) documents. A significant proportion of them are moreover (67) or redundant. This is a straight consequence of two well - known facts: the incessant growing of documental databases and the lack of ability of most users to define (68) information needs. In such a framework, further effective retrieval techniques are only part of the solution. Interfaces with alternative ways for organizing and (69) the results returned by a (70) would be of great utility assisting users to find relevant documents. Document clustering may play a central role as an effective technique for organizing query results.

单选题在一个典型的电子商务应用中，三层架构(即表现层、商业逻辑层和数据访问层)常常是架构师的首选。常见的电子商务应用——网上书城的主要功能是提供在线的各种图书信息的查询和浏览，并且能够订购相关图书。用户可能频繁地进行书目查询操作，网站需要返回众多符合条件的书目并且分页显示；网站管理员需要批量对相关书目信息进行修改，并且将更新信息记录到数据库。针对前一个应用要求，架构师在数据访问层设计时，最可能考虑采用______；针对后一个应用要求，架构师最可能考虑采用______。

单选题嵌入式系统由硬件部分和软件部分构成。以下不属于嵌入式系统软件的是______。 A．系统内核 B．驱动程序 C．FPGA编程软件 D．嵌入式中间件

单选题在支持多线程的操作系统中，假设进程P创建了若干个线程，那么（ ）是不能被其他线程共享的

单选题信息具有许多质量属性，对于市场情报信息来说，至关重要的属性是 （36） 。

单选题 In the following essay, each blank has four choices. Choose the best answer and write down on the answer sheet. With the implementation of {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the so - called network has become a reality. The provision of such facilities is the most important part of the network requirements. However, in many applications the communicating computers may be of different types. This means that they may use different programming languages and, more importantly, different forms of {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}} interface between user(application) program, normally referred to, as application processes, and the underlying communication services may be {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}. For example, one computer may be a small single - user computer, while another may be a large {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}system. In the earlier days of computer communication, these issues meant that only closed communities of computers (that is, from the same manufacturer) could communicate with each other in a meaningful way. IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA) and DEC's Digital Network Architecture (DNA) are just two examples of communication software packages produced by manufacturers to allow their systems to be interconnected together. These proprietary packages, however, of which there am still many inexistence, do not address the problem of universal interconnect ability, or open systems interconnection. In an attempt to alleviate this problem, {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}, in the late 1970s, formulated a reference model to provide a common basis (or the coordination of standards developments and to allow existing and evolving standards activities to be placed into perspective with one another.

单选题在IEEE 802.11标准中使用了扩频通信技术，以下关于扩频通信的叙述中，正确的是______。 A．扩频技术是一种带宽很宽的红外线通信技术 B．扩频技术是一种使用伪随机序列对代表数据的模拟信号进行调制的技术 C．扩频通信系统的带宽随着数据速率的提高而不断扩大 D．扩频技术就是扩大了频率许可证的使用范围

单选题 For each blank, choose the best answer from the four choices and write down on the answer sheet. It is claimed that Al applications have moved from laboratories to the real world. However, conventional von Neumann computers are{{U}} {{U}} 50 {{/U}} {{/U}}for Al applications, because they are de- signed mainly for numerical processing. In a larger yon Neumann computer, there is a larger ratio of memory to processing power and consequently it is even less efficient. This{{U}} {{U}} 51 {{/U}} {{/U}}remains no matter how fast we make the processor because the length of the computation becomes dominated by the time required to move data between{{U}} {{U}} 52 {{/U}} {{/U}}and memory. This is called the yon Neumann{{U}} {{U}} 53 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The bigger we build the machines, the worse it gets. The way to solve the problem is to diverse from the traditional architectures and to design special ones for Al applications. In the research of future Al architectures, we can take advantages of many{{U}} {{U}} 54 {{/U}} {{/U}}or currently emerging concepts. in computer architecture, such as dataflow computation, stack machines, tagging, pipelining, systolic array, multiprocessing, distributed processing, database machines, and inference machines.

单选题美国著名的卡内基梅隆大学软件工程学研究所针对软件工程的工程管理能力与水平进行了充分研究，提出了5级管理能力的模式，包括临时凑合阶段、简单模仿阶段、完成定义阶段、（ ）和（ ）

单选题M画家将自己创作的一幅美术作品原件赠与了L公司。L公司未经该画家的许可，擅自将这幅美术作品作为商标注册，且取得商标权，并大量复制用于该公司的产品上。L公司的行为侵犯了M画家的______。

单选题某集团公司下属有多个超市，假设公司高管需要从时间、地区和商品种类三个维度来分析某电器商品销售数据，那么应采用（ ）来完成

单选题在软件生命周期的各阶段会产生一系列的文件，如手册、数据和程序，它们总称为 (43) 。

单选题某单位的用户购买了一台预先安装了操作系统的 PC，后经查实，该PC 上的操作系统是盗版，而对此情况该用户并不知情，则 （12） 。

单选题某软件公司欲开发一个在线交易系统。为了能够精确表达用户与系统的复杂交互过程，应该采用UML的 (23) 进行交互过程建模。 A．类图 B．序列图 C．部署图 D．对象图

单选题在高级语言程序中，使用________访问保存在变量中的数据。