北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一些大杂院，房司够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。

For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Popularity of Western Restaurants following the outline given below．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words． 1．西餐厅在中国颇受欢迎 2．出现这种现象的原因是…… 3．我的看法是……

People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably (坚定地) that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy—one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, five spoons, and five forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment. Of course, the truth is not so simple. In this century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped—or, as the case might be, bumped into—concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, when asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed (说服) into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments (基本原理) of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers—the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is prerequisite (先决条件) for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table-is itself far from innate.

家庭是社会的基本单位，其结构随着社会的发展而变化。在中国几千年的封建社会(feudal society)里，绝大部分家庭是几世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。近百年来，中国的家庭观念发生了很大的变化，中国家庭的结构也随之改变了许多。人口众多的大家庭开始分成较小的家庭和主干家庭(stem family)，也出现了众多的由一对夫妇和未婚子女组成的核心家庭(nuclear family)。

我国将继续推进行政管理(administrative management)、金融部门和物价的改革。

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It's no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That's especially true of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. It's also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭) because of parents who can't or won't care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights. Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she's ever known and that her biological parents have "no legal claim" on her. The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That's an important development, one that's long overdue. Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly's biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasn't the Twiggs' own daughter, but Kimberly was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed. The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit. Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren't always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.

风水(Fengshui)是一门使人与环境达到和谐的艺术，是中国哲学在环境上的反映。

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Topic A Thank-you LetterFor this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a thank-you letter to a friend following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 在云南旅游时，你得到了朋友的热情招待，请写一封感谢信给似她。信中应包括以下内容： 1．告知他／她你已经安全抵家 2．回忆他／她在云南为你提供的帮助 3．感谢他／她的热心招待

The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people【C1】______ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 【C2】______ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping【C3】______ straight through the night More sleep in old age, however, is【C4】______ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more【C5】______ if they slept for longer periods, he said. "The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to【C6】______ well does not change," Dr. Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. "It's【C7】______ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were【C8】______. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from【C9】______ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's【C10】______ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount we need at 75. "A) alert I) formallyB) associated J) functionC) attracting K) mixedD) cling L) negativeE) continuing M) sufficientF) definitely N)tendG) different O) youngerH) efficiently

亚太经合组织(APEC)第二十二次领导人非正式会议于2014年11月10日至11日在北京市怀柔区雁栖湖举行。亚太经合组织是一个大家庭，打造发展创新、增长联动、利益融合的开放型亚太经济格局，符合所有成员共同利益。为了实现上述目标，亚太经济体需要共同构建互信、包容、合作、共赢的亚太伙伴关系，为亚太地区和世界经济发展增添动力。

因此尽管门票和食宿价格飞涨，景区里还是人山人海。

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火锅 (hot pot)是中国的传统饮食方式之一，拥有几千年的历史。在寒冷的冬天，人们喜欢吃能立即暖身和提神的火锅。如今在许多现代家庭里， 用煤炭加热的 (coal-heated)传统火锅已经被 电磁炉 (induction cooker)火锅所取代。各地火锅风格各异，所使用的火锅原料也不尽相同。一般来说，用于火锅的肉类包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鸭肉等，其他的菜则包括蔬菜、蘑菇、面条等。