BSection A/B
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{{B}}Section A{{/B}}
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon【C1】______their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an【C2】______reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the【C3】______memory of the house we lived in and of my room and my toys. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world and my【C4】______had led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my【C5】______topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and【C6】______. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit【C7】______together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might【C8】______with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist. A scientist requires not only【C9】______but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can【C10】______the two, you get the best of both worlds. A. combine B. connect C. self-discipline D. enthusiasm E. regulations F. discoveries G. dim H. eventually I. abandoned J. honor K. disposed L. modest M. favorite N. early O. perfectly
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七夕节
(Double Seventh Festival)是中国最具浪漫色彩的传统节日。每年
农历
(lunar calendar)七月初七就是七夕节，亦称“乞巧节”。七夕节起源于中国古代
牛郎
(Cowherd)和
织女
(Weaver Maid)的爱情神话，他们的故事感动了一代又一代的中国人。许多有情男女会在七夕的晚上祈祷自己的姻缘美满，期望“有情人终成眷属”。近年来，越来越多的都市青年男女把这个节日当作“
中国情人节
”(Chinese Valentine's Day)来过。
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The gardens and fields of Britain were saved from a grim invasion this spring. Thanks to the sharp, late frosts of May, millions of giant Spanish slugs—which threatened to devastate plants across the country—were killed. But now experts fear that Spanish slugs—which was first spotted in East Anglia a year ago—may soon make an unwelcome return to our shores. They have decided to seek public help to spot a menace which one expert described as "a disaster waiting to happen". A group of scientists led by Dr. Ian Bedford, head of entomology (昆虫学) at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, have created a "slugwatch" website, so people can report where and when they have seen Spanish slugs. There will also be instructions on building traps to catch them. "The Spanish slug is a voracious predator. It eats crops spared by our native slugs, tolerates drier conditions, reproduces in greater numbers and even eats dead animals and excrement," said Bedford. " We want photos and sightings from members of the public to help build a picture of how widespread the Spanish slug is. The reports may also give us an idea of whether it is breeding with native species to form a hybrid with tolerance to frosts and cold from our own species." The species appeared in Scandinavia a few years ago, where they bred so quickly that squashed slugs on roads became a serious traffic hazard. Very soon, it looked as if Britain would follow suit. "In early spring, numbers of the slugs began to appear and it looked as if we were in trouble," said Bedford. "But the late spring frosts seemed to have killed off baby Spanish slugs and saved us—for the time being." Scientists stress that slugs play an important role in the ecosystem: they are natural composters, breaking down vegetation, and provide food for our hedgehogs, toads and some garden birds. However, the Spanish slug could prove to be an even greater threat. "We need to know exactly how they are distributed and that is why we have set up this website," saidBedford. " We need public help, badly."
标准规定，城际之间投递包裹的时间不得超过72小时，否则将被认定为延误，顾客即有权索赔。
Definitions of ObesityA)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The "Body Mass Index"(BMI)is calculated by dividing the person' s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2("mature onset diabetes")and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known. CancerE)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH)Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman' s biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman's biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres. Dementia J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia. Other ProblemsL)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section.M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.
{{B}}Section C{{/B}}
In Sao Paulo, a baby boy is smiling, unaware that a court is deciding his fate. If it finds in his father's favor, he is in all kinds of trouble. There may be a law in Brazil against giving your child a name that might cause him to be laughed at, but daddy wants to call his son Osama bin Laden. The same father, Osvaldo Oliveira Soares, has a habit of trying to use babies as political statements. Nine years ago, he was banned from naming a previous son Saddam Hussein. Unlike Brazil, there is no law in Britain that restricts a parent's right to name their child. "It's not for the officials to say if someone has picked a name they don't think is suitable," says Alison Cathcart, superintendent official at Westminster register office. "But if someone is from a different culture and wants to register a name that sounds like a swear word in English then we do advise them of that." "Naming does matter," says Helen Petrie, a professor at the City University of London and a researcher looking into the psychology of naming. "We have fixed beliefs of what sort of people are behind certain names. There are studies of teachers in primary schools in the US that show they rate children with certain names as less capable." "The name is the first thing we find out when we meet someone. If you call your child an unusual silly name like Fifi Trixibelle, as did Bob Geldof and Paula Yates, it can make life hard for you—especially if you want to be smart and are not in the least bit superficial." There's also the class factor. "Fifty years ago there was no cross-over of names between classes. Now everyone can buy Tatter and see the name Tarquin," says Petrie. "Until the 60s, Tracey was a fashionable Chelsea name. Now it has a terrible image fixed in people's mind. I've interviewed some Traceys who find their name a huge burden. However high up they may be in their profession, people hear their name and think they're the cleaner."
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should College Students Spend Their Spare Time? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to the Students' Union upon holding a series of English culture salons, which inspired you a lot. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
对所有中国的大一新生来说，9月是激动人心的日子。许多人都是第一次走出家门，在一个新环境中生活。但在数周后，激动的心情慢慢地被
乡愁
(homesickness)所取代。乡愁是因为离开家而产生的痛苦之情。他们想念家人、以前的朋友和同学、甚至是自己的旧床铺。有些学生只会觉得有一点孤独、悲伤或焦虑。其他人可能会表现出胃痛或头痛等身体不适的症状。
BPart III Reading Comprehension/B
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