如今大学生的生活方式正在发生着变化。越来越多的学生课余时间足不出户，变成了 宅男宅女 (indoors-man or indoorswoman)。网络为学生打发课余时间提供了许多选择。各种 校园快捷服务 (on-campus service)，从送餐到洗衣服务，促进了“宅文化”的发展。一些学生认为户外运动或是社交活动都不如宅在宿舍里玩电脑来得痛快。生活不规律、缺乏锻炼已经成为大学生的健康公敌。

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在中国，风筝具有独特的艺术价值。风筝首先出现在 春秋时代 (the Spring and Autumn Period)的战争中。随着时代的发展，现在风筝已成为一项世界性的体育和休闲活动。风筝的主要材料为竹子和纸，并加以各种绘画来装饰。风筝具有各种形状，如昆虫、 金鱼 (goldfish)和云彩等，大的可达数百平方米，最小的甚至可以放在信封里。这些富有魅力的风筝反映了 手工艺人 (craftsman)的高超技艺。

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1958年，一位日本人发明了 方便面 (instant noodle)。虽然它没什么 营养 (nutrition)却因为美味并能遏制饥饿，所以在诞生后迅猛发展。目前，中国已经成为世界上最大的方便面生产国和消费国。中国方便面的年产量大约为500亿包，占全球总产量的50％以上。对于中国这样一个人口大国来说，方便面行业的发展至关重要。它对于扩大消费和需求，特别是赈饥与救灾方面发挥着重要的作用。

据 新华社 (Xinhua News Agency)报道，中国人每年浪费的食物约等同于5000万吨粮食。让人更为震惊的是，大学生浪费的食物数量是全国平均量的两倍。为了减少粮食浪费，许多高校食堂纷纷采取各种措施。通过提高饭菜的质量、提供小份菜等举措鼓励学生参与“ 光盘行动 ”(eat-up campaign).这些措施极大地提高了学生们节约食物的意识。很多学生表示要为杜绝食物浪费尽一己之力。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an easy comment on the saying "Life is full of roses and thorns". You can write down your understanding of it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

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{{B}}Part Ⅳ Translation{{/B}}

中国正规教育体系的历史可以追溯到 商朝 (the Shang Dynasty)。在古代，中国教育的唯一目的就是培养朝廷官员。新中国成立后，中国政府十分重视发展教育事业。国家制定了多种法律，从不同角度保障每个人都有接受同质同级教育的权利。经过几十年的努力，中国教育取得了巨大的成就。从20世纪80年代初起，中国开始在国家教育制度中强调科学技术。

How to Make Peace with Your Workload A)Swamped(忙碌的), under the gun, just struggling to stay above water: whatever office cliche you employ to depict it, we've all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows. B)Get organized. "Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you'll retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion, " says Jeff Davidson who works as a work / life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. "When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable." Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. "Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can't locate a document or report easily because it's lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation, " he says. "Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies." C)Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. "Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time, " she suggests. "This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand: otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you're reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable, " Carlson says. D)Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, it's counterproductive. Unless you're drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, you're not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once. "If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement, " Rudy says. "Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing." Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. "When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one, " he says. E)Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says she's frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to "do it all" by setting a time limit for each task. "I have the type of personality that flits(轻轻地掠过)from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate, " Brown says. "As a consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business(not sending photos or playing Farmville)and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I don't end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day." F)Talk to your manager. "Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them(that they're no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the manager's head: he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee, " says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Green's suggestion unfolds in this manner: "If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done." Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren't just complaining about their workload. G)Eliminate time wasters. "If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly, " says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: "Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says 'You' ve got an e-mail: and give staff members a set time to visit you." Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roth's point. "E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand, " he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. "If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business, " he says. H)Assess your workload before taking on new tasks. "The paradox of today's work environment is that the more you do, the more that's expected of you, " Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned(使一致)with your priorities and goals: Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week: What else could you do that would be more rewarding: What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face: Does the other party have options other than you: Will he or she be crushed if you say no? I)Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.

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Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it: the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone' s satisfaction. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else—he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly: he does so with skill and polish. "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. " Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. " Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only "having a look around". She is always open to persuasion: indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.

Topic A Welcome Speech For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short welcome speech following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 假设有一位学者即将造访你们学校，请写一份欢迎辞表示欢迎并简要介绍学校的情况。

通过奖励积极发展农业的官员，惩罚对农民课征重税的官员，武则天极大地促进了农业的发展。

文房四宝 (the Four Treasures of the Study)是中国古代书画用具的总称，指纸、墨、毛笔与 砚台 (inkstone).文房四宝的质量对绘画和 书法 (calligraphy)起着决定性的作用。因此进行中国传统绘画和书法的文人都很注重这些用具的选择。 唐宋时期 (the Tang and Song Dynasties)的文房四宝因其质量优良与制作精美，为后世学者高度称颂。在某种程度上来说，“文房四宝”是促进中国传统文化发展的一个重要因素。

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic City Problems．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．Outlines are given below in Chinese：1．越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生；2．比较明显的问题有……3．我对这种现象的想法。

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