BSection C/B

Although the Olympic Charter, the official constitution of the Olympic movement, proclaims that the Olympics are contests among individuals and not among nations, the IOC assigns to the various NOCs the task of selecting national Olympic teams. In most cases the NOCs do this by holding Olympic trials or by choosing athletes on the basis of their previous performances. From the start of the modern Olympic Games, male amateur athletes of every race, religion, and nationality have been qualified to participate. Although Coubertin, the establisher of the modern Olympic Games, opposed the participation of women in the Olympics and no women competed in 1896, a few female were allowed to participate in the 1900 Games. Female swimmers and divers were admitted to the 1912 Games, and female gymnasts and track-and-field athletes first competed at the 1928 Games. Currently women account for approximately half of the members of teams, except in teams from Islamic nations, where the level of female participation is generally lower. Coubertin and the IOC intended from the start for the Olympics to be open only to amateurs. Amateurism was determined by adherence (遵守) to the amateur rule which was originally devised in the 19th century to prevent working-class athletes from participating in sports such as rowing and tennis. Because the amateur rule prevented athletes from earning any pay from activities in any way related to sports, working-class athletes could not afford both to make a living and train for competition. Olympic rules about amateurism, however, have caused many controversies over the years. Such questions as whether an amateur could be paid for travel expenses, be compensated for time lost at work, or be employed to teach sports have been raised, but they have not always been satisfactorily resolved by the IOC, leading to confusion about the definition of professionalism in different sports. By 1983 a majority of IOC members acknowledged that most Olympic athletes compete professionally in the sense that sports are their main activity. The IOC then asked each International Sports Federation (ISF) to determine qualification in its own sport, and over the next decade nearly all the ISFs gave up the distinction between amateurs and professionals.

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One lunchtime, May Ward was going round the local supermarket in Parkside Road, Liverpool, doing her shopping, when she suddenly slipped and fell. She was badly shaken and bruised but【C1】______nothing serious resulted. It turned out that she has slipped on some ice-cream which had been【C2】______on the floor. Two weeks later she wrote to the firm to【C3】______compensation (赔偿) to make up for the pain and【C4】______she had suffered. She asserted that they had been negligent (忽视的) and careless in not keeping the floor clean. The firm denied that they had been negligent and【C5】______that they had a proper system for keeping the floor clean. They had given instructions that when a member of staff found a spillage, he or she was to stand by it, and call someone else to clear up the mess. Since Mrs. Ward felt that she was【C6】______to compensation, she sued (起诉) the firm in the Law Courts. Here the firm claimed that it did not【C7】______, just because someone has slipped on the floor, that they must have been negligent carrying out their duties. They said that unless the customer could prove how the ice-cream came to be on the floor, and how long it had been left there before the accident happened, she had not made out a proper【C8】______against them. But the judge took a different view. He said that, on the face of it, the accident would not have happened at all if the firm had taken reasonable care. It was something that in the ordinary course of events does not happen if floors are kept clean and spillages are dealt with as soon as they occur. It was up to the firm, he said, to provide【C9】______. if they could, that the accident did not【C10】______from any negligence on their part. They would obviously be in a better position than the customer to establish how long the ice-cream had been spilt and explain the circumstances to the Courts. The final result was that Mrs. Ward won her case and received ￡137 and 10 pence as payment for damages. A. claim B. spilt C. evidence D. case E. innocent F. inconvenience G. derive H. maintained I. entitled J. arise K. follow L. unexpectedly M. determine N. fortunately O. credited

受经济发展的推动，到国外度假已成为中国人的一种休闲方式。去年，中国 出境游客 (outbound tourist)已高达8300万人次。中国家庭已经逐渐习惯了去国外度假。父母通常在暑期休年假，以便和孩子一同出游。 世界旅游组织 (World Tourism Organization)的一份分析报告指出，中国游客是最强大的假日消费群体。他们已经成为海外购物的一支重要力量，创造了巨大的消费价值。

科举制被证明是比它之前的任何考试制度都更公平、影响更深远。

商务部 (Ministry of Commerce)最近发布的数据表明，在中国的 外国直接投资 (Foreign Direct Invest-ment，FDI)保持稳定增长。中国已经成为外国直接投资首选地。中央政府采取了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施，这样既促进了经济增长，又赢得了国内外投资者的信心。商务部正在研究措施，进一步改善外商投资管理机制，创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境。 世界银行 (World Bank)也高度评价中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的成就。

BPart Ⅳ Translation/B

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BSection B/B

Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that's not what I did. I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts (文科) university that doesn't even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren't studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didn't care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer technical genius and sensitive humanist (人文学者) all in one. Now I'm not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college. The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don't mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.

随着生活水平的提高， 保健品 (health care products)日益受到中国人的喜爱。人们花费大量金钱来购买能量饮料、维生素药片和美容饮品。这些保健品宣称含有 抗氧化物 (antioxidants)，能使人增强体质、延缓衰老。然而，最近有研究表明抗氧化物可能只是一个医学童话。几乎没有什么数据可以证明抗氧化物可以预防疾病。专家认为，要打败 氧化作用 (oxidative stress)，就要多运动，多吃水果和蔬菜。

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New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It's now a "global village" where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts. Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being "out of sight and out of mind." He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company's plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的). Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets. English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn't generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal. The employee posted abroad who speaks the country's principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.

{{B}}Section C{{/B}}

大多数人都认同骑自行车环保并且能够有效避免交通拥堵的观点。然而，他们依然有充分的理由放弃骑自行车出行。最明显的理由是公共交通很便利。然而最重要的原因是他们出于对安全的忧虑。因为自行车 道 (lane)常常被汽车占用，人们不得不冒着生命危险骑行在机动车道上。此外，即便在市中心某些地方，也没有将自行车道及机动车道分隔开的清晰标识。

BSection C/B

大多数人都认同骑自行车环保并且能够有效避免交通拥堵的观点。然而，他们依然有充分的理由放弃骑自行车出行。最明显的理由是公共交通很便利。然而最重要的原因是他们出于对安全的忧虑。因为自行车道(lane)常常被汽车占用，人们不得不冒着生命危险骑行在机动车道上。此外，即便在市中心某些地方，也没有将自行车道及机动车道分隔开的清晰标识。