单选题Contrary to what many would think, having an "everyone"s a winner" mentality in my daughter"s youth softball league did not come as good news to me. In order to level the playing field, rules were altered to prevent children from striking out. When I heard about these changes, I insisted that my daughter not be held to such standards because I believed it would deprive her of valuable lessons. It is becoming commonplace to change the rules of the game to avoid any sort of failure, but this goes against the fundamentals on which sports were built. Beyond the scope of sports, however, these changes are disadvantageous to children in the long term. It deprives children of valuable learning lessons and coping skills that will extend into other facets (方面) of their lives. If they are not taught how to work harder in order to accomplish their goals, and instead expect that success will be handed to them, then what is the point of hard work and dedication? Children will not be able to apply those same valuable principles to other aspects of their lives, such as achieving good grades, securing a scholarship, or working toward a better job. Children are being increasingly coddled in a culture of false confidence and reinforcement. If they do not learn how to deal with disappointment and failure early on, children will be more distraught (心神错乱) when they inevitably face them later in life. In fact, a Stanford psychology study found "kids respond positively to praise; they enjoy hearing that they"re talented, smart and so on. But, after such praise of their innate (天生的) abilities, they collapse at the first experience of difficulty. Discouraged by their failure, they say they"d rather cheat than risk failing again." This evidence supports the claim that we are doing a true injustice to children psychologically by not allowing them to experience failure. It is in a child"s best interest to learn how to adjust and alter their approach if what they"re doing is not working, and we"re not providing them with the proper tools for success. Failure is a necessary part of learning and growth, and sports are an ideal place to implement these important lessons. Although I believe that advocates for the "everyone"s a winner" approach have good intentions, I do not agree with the way that they are trying to accomplish it. We need to empower children and instill confidence while allowing them to experience a valuable lesson in life: failure.

单选题The most important reason why royal wedding causes such a great interest is that"______".

单选题To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to (67) the attention and interest of your students; you must be a (68) speaker, with a good, strong, (69) voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to (70) what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear. (71) a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still (72) his class: he stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks about, using his (73) , hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will (74) the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always (75) according to what he is (76) about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn't (77) that he will indeed be able to act (78) on the stage, for there are very important (79) between the teacher's work and the actor's. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the (80) words each time he plays a certain part; (81) his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually (82) beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem (83) on the stage. A good teacher (84) in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his (85) : they ask and answer questions; they obey orders; and if they don't understand something, they will say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must (86) it as he goes along.

单选题component B) element C) item D) particle

单选题Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet(长柄平底煎锅) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000 calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary, tract(消化道) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, be learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope(荧光检查仪), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum(权威意见) has been accepted—no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so far as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric(胃的) apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile(胆汁) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach. We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle"(圣贤) suffered from dyspepsia(消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.

单选题Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.

单选题From the passage we know our dreams______.

单选题In practice ,what is the most important feature that makes an object an antique?

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单选题A．Inatrain.B．Inaplane.C．Inatravelagency.D．Inabar.

单选题Mental Health Staffing Shortages—a Real Headache Mental health has come out of the shadows, creating bright new job opportunities in an industry working hard to attract and retain fresh recruits. "Since 1999, the mental health project has been exploring best practices in workforce development," explains Brian Keefer, program manager with the California Mental Health Planning Council, Human Resources Project. "The purpose is to expand the capacity and diversity of the public mental-health force in order to provide recovery-based practices. " The council provides assistance to individuals with serious mental illness and children with emotional disturbances. "The mental health community is short of professional workers," he reports, "and there are many entry points into this diverse field. You could begin as a volunteer and then as an outreach (外展) worker. This is someone who is hired with a certificate in human services or case management. " School Graduate a Must Keefer advises anyone thinking of working in the mental health industry to become licensed. Students can earn undergraduate degrees in a variety of courses, but they should really hone (磨练) in on graduate school. Licensing is generally attained three years after completion of a bachelor's degree. The reason for licensing is a matter of dollars and job opportunities. Licensing is required by insurance companies to approve treatment costs. "There are opportunities for non-licensed mental health workers," Keefer reports, "but the majority of demand is for licensed and certified staff. " Salaries reflect the disparity (差距): Entry-level jobs for non-licensed mental health workers range from $ 25,000 to $ 35, 000 a year, while licensed professionals can earn as much as $ 75, 000 annually. "In comparison, people that work in summer recreational camps make $ 40, 000 a year," he points out. "In fact, a manager at a national fast-food chain makes the same as an entry-level case manager. "However, most people don't go into mental health work to make a lot of money. Most have had a personal connection with the work, and that experience touched their life in some way and compelled them to pursue a career in the field. " Rusty Selix, executive director of the Mental Health Association in California, sees tremendous shortages in the mental health field for two reasons. First, there is a new public recognition of the importance and widespread need for mental health services. "People from all social levels are seeking help," he contends. "Those in the prison system need special attention because many professionals believe mental illness is to blame for much of their behavior." Secondly, the interest in exploring that care has not drawn an increased number of people to the field. The top four professions in the mental health field are child psychiatrists (精神病学家), adult and child psychologists, marriage and family therapists, and substance abuse services. Supply Shy of Demand All levels of professional care, from public and private facilities to prisons and the welfare system, are competing for qualified personnel. With shortages everywhere, all areas have a surplus of opportunities. Selix advises job seekers to explore marriage and family counseling, social work, psychiatry or bachelor-level work in counseling and nursing. All are related but very different in scope. Of course, shortages are the greatest in fields where more education is required. "Mental health work is not the highest paying field, but it's among the most satisfying," he contends. "People don't retire; they work late because they enjoy what they are doing—helping another human being to overcome a problem. " If candidates are willing to work in the public community stage of mental health, there are allowance programs available from colleges and universities. "I would encourage passionate people to ' go for it' because of the amount of job choices available," he declares. "It's a growing field and the demand for staff is much larger than the current supply. " Nancy Kincald, spokeswoman for the California Department of Mental Health agrees. "We're always recruiting qualified people," she reports. "But I don't think that is exclusive to mental health; all trades including nursing and law enforcement are having difficulties. Seventy-six million baby boomers are marching toward retirement and that is a huge wave of the workforce to replace. " Generations Apart It's been more difficult to recruit into the social services, she adds, because a generation of young people believes the push is toward college and a future that is more financially secure. "This philosophy is so different from the 1960s," she observes. "Young people were motivated to help others because of President Kennedy and the Peace Corps and other philosophies. But that's not in the middle of today's radar screen. "I think young people today want to carry a briefcase and work for Google. " However, for those looking for a meaningful career in the mental health field, there is a fast track to a good paying job without years of schooling. The Mental Health Department has been working closely with community colleges to bring people into the system. Cuesta College, for example, offers a psychiatric technical program where students attend classroom instruction and gain hands-on experience at the Atascadero State hospital. "We help graduates of the program to get their state license so they can begin working in the hospital," Kincaid explains. " These technicians work as a treatment team alongside nurses and physicians to help with mentally ill patient evaluation and treatment. Students could be hired to work as a state employee in the hospital while they are in the program. " The best place to investigate careers in the mental health field, she advises, is a career counselor's office at your local community college. Job shadowing is one of the best ways to learn what a day in the life of a psychiatric technician is really like. Kincaid sums it up as a very rewarding challenge. "When I speak with staff in the mental hospitals, they tell me the work is not easy because people are in crisis. However, they also tell me the most rewarding part of the job is to be part of a treatment that turns someone's life around. /

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单选题The Sun has a huge effect on______.

单选题 Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题The child shows a great ______ for learning language.