单选题Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Television is the most effective brainwashing {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}ever invented by man. Advertisers know this to be {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}Children are {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}by television in ways we {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}understand. In the fall of 1971, I was {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}a story involving a young white woman living on the {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}of Boston's black ghetto. Her car had {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}out of gas. She had gone to a filling station with a can and was returning to her car when she was {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}in an alley by a gang of black youths. The gang poured gasoline over her and set fire {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}her. She died of her bums. It was {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}established that some of the youths {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}had, on the night before the killing, {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}on television a rerun of an old movie in which a drifter is set on fire by an adolescent gang. There is some kind of strange reductive process {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}work here. To see something on television robs it of its reality, and then when the {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}thing is {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}out it is like the reenactment of something unreal. {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}when the gang set fire to the girl, they were {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}what they had seen on a screen, {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}they themselves were on a screen, and in a story. I don't think we have {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}begun to realize how powerful a medium television is. It has already become very clear that the candidate with the most television {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}win the election.

单选题The last sentence of the passage implies ______.

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单选题During the Second World War, doctors tried to save severely burned pilots with grafts of donated skin. The grafted skin looked good for a few days, but then withered and died. Studies led by Peter Medawar—who won a 1960 Nobel Prize for his work—found that grafts of an individual"s own skin did work, while those of a donor did not. We now know that the donor skin grafts failed because the recipient"s immune system recognized the grafted skin as foreign and killed it. The same process leads to the rejection of donated organs. But how does our immune system learn what is self and what is foreign? As immunologist Daniel Davis explains in The Compatibility Gene , it is all down to specific genes—formally known as the major histocompatibility complex genes. Although our appearance, lifestyle and career path may make us feel unique, we are actually always one of a group: it is only our compatibility genes that define us as true individuals. Davis provides a well-written and easy-to-read account of the sometimes complicated biology behind the crucial genes that affect our lives so profoundly. From early on in the evolution of life, individual cells—and later multicellular organisms—developed the ability to recognize that which was the same as them, and that which was different. Davis recounts how, when we are growing as fetuses, our compatibility genes train the immune system to recognize our own cells and tissues as "self" and so, in healthy people, they know what not to attack. Our cells are identified by the presence of unique surface molecules, coded for by the compatibility genes. Meanwhile, our immune systems make antibodies. These are randomly generated in a kind of lottery, which means they will be able to attack a great diversity of molecules, especially those of pathogens. By chance, though, a few of these antibodies will also match the compatibility-gene molecules on our own cells. Leaving such antibodies around would be suicide—literally. To stop this, Darwinian-style selection comes into play within the immune system, eliminating any cells that produce antibodies matching "self".

单选题Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn"t worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss. After age 50, it"s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women"s Hospital in Boston. The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow. Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don"t remember even seeing it, that"s far more concerning, Daffner says. When you forget entire experiences, he says, that"s "a red flag that something more serious may be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you"ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong. But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn"t panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants. You don"t have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain"s cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner says. "Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways," he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.

单选题Facts will be terrible things if ______ spreading and unexamined.

单选题The author cites the examples of Nicole Kidman and Catherine Zeta-Jones in order to show that ______.

单选题In order to enjoy fine wine, one should ______ it slowly, a little at a time.

单选题Question 1 and 2 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.

单选题 {{B}}Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.{{/B}}

单选题A.Placesthewomanhasvisited.B.Apaperthewomaniswritingforaclass.C.Schoolactivitiestheyenjoy.D.Theman'splansforthesummer.

单选题Staying in school really can make you smarter. A new study from Norway finds that students who (67) in school longer than their counterparts have higher IQ (Intelligence Quotient)scores. In the mid-1950s, the Norwegian government began (68) students to (69) school until they were 16 years old, (70) than allowing them to drop (71) at 14. Communities had until 1972 to (72) in the compulsory education reform, which meant that, for nearly 20 years, youngsters in some municipalities (自治 区) went to school for seven years and others attended classes for at least nine years. That gave Taryn Ann Galloway a (73) opportunity to see what impact the extra two years of education had (74) the intellectual (75) of students. Galloway, a researcher at the University of Oslo, explains that all young men in Norway are required to (76) a cognitive (77) ,or IQ test,for the military (78) at age 19. So, she and her colleagues were able to sift (筛选) (79) data on 107,000 draft-age young men, correlating their years of education (80) their IQ scores (81) by the military. The (82) IQ score on the intelligence test is 100, with most of the population (83) somewhere between 85 and 115 on the (84) "The young men who were forced to stay in school for two years longer (85) did have higher IQs," Galloway says. Students who got a full two years of extra schooling showed an IQ (86) of more than 7 points. "I think it's because you do learn general thinking skills at school and you are able to practice them." according to Galloway.

单选题Bananas, always the fashion victims of the produce section, are we,'uing another new label this spring. Bananas with "Fair Trade Certified" stickers have been available in the United States since October. They represent the new front of an international effort to help first-world consumers improve the living standards of the third-world farmers who grow much of their food. By expanding its reach to the produce section, Fair Trade is now trying to reach the American supermarket shopper. Fair Trade deals directly with farmer cooperatives. It helps organize, avoiding brokers (代理人) and middlemen. It guarantees higher prices for the farmers' goods and helps them set up schools and health clinics. The Fair Trade movement took root in Europe in the 1990's as a way of bolstering coffee farmers as prices were collapsing. Since Fair Trade began, more than a million coffee growers and other farmers have joined cooperatives that sell their products through Fair Trade channels instead of directly to a commercial producer. Not everyone is greeting the Fair Trade label with open anus. Several American coffee importers recently pulled out of Fair Trade, citing TransFair's "corporate friendly" policies that allow large companies to use the Fair Trade logo in their marketing even if only a small amount of the company's overall purchases are Fair Trade certified. Edmund LaMacchia, the national produce coordinator for Whole Foods, said Fair Trade is only one of many consumer choices. "Whole Foods has its own team of inspectors and has no plans to carry Fair Trade'products", Mr. LaMacchia said. "Our standards are higher than Fair Trade's, actually. " Fair Trade is only one of several labels your bananas might be wearing this year. Another is that of the Rainforest Alliance, which certifies the use of sustainable agriculture methods. So far, though, Fair Trade is the biggest. A Fair Trade label by itself does not guarantee an organic product, but most Fair Trade bananas are also organic, Ms. Bourque said, because pesticides are usually too costly for the small farmers who grow them. If the bananas are organic, they will be labeled as such, and will probably be wearing a sticker to prove it.