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单选题Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题The colour of the sky at the horizon depends on ______.

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单选题Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Clearly, the 2.5 percent gap between the male and female unemployment makes for an interesting set of data points. It's the largest gap since World War Ⅱ, and economists blame it on the huge layoffs in manufacturing and construction, where men made up roughly 70 and 85 percent of the workforce. But while it's true that the "Great Recession" has hurt guys, these aren't exactly boom times for women. True, women have suffered fewer job losses than men, but overall they still earn only 78 cents for every dollar a man makes, according to Center for American Progress. Much of their work is concentrated in lower-paid industries such as retail, hospitality, education, nonprofits and health care. The jobs that women are holding on to typically lack benefits, retirement savings plans, or pensions. "The strong part of women's participation in the labor force is also the weak part. Their salaries are limited," says Heidi Hartmann, an economist and president of the Institute for Women's Policy Research. "Women tend to choose a path that's less risky, that's more secure for their families. " When asked about the mancession, Hartmann then scoffed(嘲笑) a little. "It becomes a problem when white men start to suffer. " The great hope of labor economists who study this trend--and they're mostly women--is that the mancession will prompt employers to raise women's wages and open up more lucrative fields such as high tech and finance to greater numbers of women. The wage gap between the genders has largely been static during this decade. Still, roughly 35 percent of women now bring home at least half of their family's income. College-educated women without children have made the largest advances in terms of closing the income gap, but women with less schooling and those with small children still earn substantially less than men. "Maybe this will be an opportunity for people to rethink paid employment, particularly now that families are dependent on the earnings of the wife," says Eileen Appelbaum, an economist and director of the Center for Women and Work at Rutgers University. "A lot of the jobs out here for women are in nursing or as home health aides. Those are not jobs that pay family-sustaining wages. "

单选题 Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题A) attitudes C) factors B) values D) objects

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单选题Powell's statement in the last paragraph implies that ______.

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单选题Doris Lessing was born in 1919 in Persia, moving as a child with her family to southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, where she stayed in school only to the age of 14. A year after moving to London, she published her first novel in 1950. The Grass Is Singing examines unbridgeable racial conflict in colonial Africa through the eyes of a white farmer"s wife and her black servant. Her literary breakthrough came in 1962 with publication of The Golden Notebook , seen by many, though not necessarily Lessing, as a pioneering work of modern feminism (女权运动). A separated study of the mind of the main character, Anna Wulf, the novel explores her thoughts about Africa, politics and relationships with men and sex. Lessing"s themes changed to psychology in her works from the 1960s, and by the 1970s she was extremely interested in the Islamic mystic tradition of Sufism (苏菲教派). Her turn toward science fiction with the Canopus series in the early 1980s was not warmly received by traditionalist critics, but she has continued to win new readers and numerous literary awards, including the David Cohen British Literary Prize and the Companion of Honour from the Royal Society of Literature, both in 2001. Following the announcement, the Horace Engdahl told VOA why he was personally so pleased with Lessing"s selection. "She is one of the truly great writers—of novels, short stories, fiction and non-fiction," Engdahl said. "She is one of the few writers who have had the courage to uphold the principle of equality between the male and female experience, and she has given the impulse (冲动) to numbers of other women writers. And she is really the mother of a school that is one of the most important in our contemporary literature." At 87, Doris Lessing is the oldest Nobel Literature winner since the first prizes were awarded in 1901.

单选题Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题In Line 5 Paragraph 1, "criteria" most probably means______.