单选题Culture is the total sum of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. However, two things are to be noted: First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. An accidental language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

单选题 Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious"(Para.4), the writer means that ______.

单选题Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

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单选题This is the question that came to mind when I (67) the book We Are Becoming Poorer. It is quite (68) for people to say they are becoming poorer when (69) the rising prices of daily necessities. (70) , it seems cynical for the writer to just describe how a particular person (71) by the real property prices or how heavy the (72) pressure is for a young white-collar worker, who has to pay a mortgage, provide for his aged parents and save money for his single child's education in the future. Let's put things in perspective and (73) the price of a single daily necessity, rice or wheat flour today with the price two decades ago. A kilo of rice cost 0.40 yuan in the early 1980s, now the price of rice is 6 or 8 yuan a kilo, more than 10 times the price 30 years ago. But during the same period my salary rose by more than 100 times. In the 1980s (74) half of my salary would (75) daily necessities, now the (76) is just one third or even less. Today it should be possible for anyone who has a job, in (77) field, to feed and clothe himself or herself with his or her own salary. If an increasing number of residents are (78) than before, I believe that it is (79) of how we view life. (80) from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (81) that the index of happiness (82) since the early 1980s, (83) incomes have kept growing (84) the past two decades. So it is clear that people's contentment does (85) come from (86) incomes.

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单选题The word "loftier" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

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单选题A) that C) which B) what D) the

单选题According to the author, the Ancient Greeks and Romans ______.

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