单选题The word "litigants" ( Line 2, Para. 1 ) means most nearly ______.

单选题A) ago C) before B) off D) away

单选题The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in paragraph 2 to ______.

单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题According to the author, to make a sound prediction, one must______.

单选题 Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

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单选题Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题England"s education system is wasting young talent "on an industrial scale" because of poor progress made by the brightest disadvantaged children once they leave primary school, Alan Milburn, chair of the Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission, said after publication of a report detailing the educational differences on an industrial scale that emerge by the age of seven. The report found that children from poor or disadvantaged backgrounds who achieve the highest levels at primary school have in most cases fallen behind their less-able but better-off peers by the time they sit GCSE exams five years later. Of almost 8,000 disadvantaged students who achieved top grades in English and maths standardised tests at age 11, only 900 went on to study at an elite university. But if disadvantaged children performed as well at secondary school as their better-off peers, another 2,200 would later study at the likes of Oxford or Manchester universities. The researchers from the Centre for Analysis of Youth Transitions—funded by the DfE—concluded that the period between the end of primary school and taking GCSE exams "appears to be a crucial time to ensure that higher-achieving pupils from poor backgrounds remain on a high achievement trajectory (轨道)." The Sutton Trust has previously shown that England"s best comprehensives take only half the national average of disadvantaged pupils, while selective schools such as grammars miss out on many able pupils from deprived backgrounds. "We need to open up our best comprehensives and grammars, with fairer admissions and outreach policies, and we need to ensure that admission to leading independent day schools is based on ability, not ability to pay," said Conor Ryan, director of research at the trust. The bright spot in the report was its finding that children from the most deprived backgrounds had a slightly improved chance of getting into top universities despite their lower grades at A-level. Only 2.5% of pupils who were on free school meals throughout their school career achieved A or B grades in three or more A-level papers. The researchers suggested the difference could be due in part to some elite universities taking account of social background in admissions.

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单选题What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home? The answers lie in the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of the twentieth century, canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full-time duty at the kitchen range. Then, in the 1940s, work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home than ever before, setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Today about half of the country's married women are employed outside the home. But, unless family members pitch in with food preparation, women are not fully liberated from that chore. Instead, many have become, in a sense, prisoners of the completely cooked convenience meals. It is easier to pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long, hard day. Also, the rising divorce rate means that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults and elderly people, as well as unmarried and divorced mature people, have been alone rather than as part of a family unit and don't want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing because it is fast, it doesn't require any dressing up, it offers a "fun" break in the daily routine, and the expense of money seems small. It can be eaten in the car—sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out—or on the .run. Even ff it is brought home to eat, there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because of the handy disposable wrappings. Children, especially, love fast food because it is finger food, no struggling with knives and forks, no annoying instructions from adults about table manners.

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单选题To write a summary effectively, you will need to______ words for phrases, phrases for sentences, and general sentences for lists of details.

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单选题British psychologists have found evidence of a link between excessive Internet use and depression, a research has shown. Leeds University researchers, writing in the Psychopathology journal, said a small proportion of Interact users were classed as Internet addicts and that people in this group were more likely to be depressed than non-addicted users. The article on the relationship between excessive Intemet use and depression, a questionnaire-based study of 1 319 young people and adults, used data gathered from respondents to links placed on UK-based social networking sites. The respondents answered questions about how much time they spent on the Inventory-a series of questions designed to measure the severity of depression. The six-page report, by the university's Institute of Psychological Sciences, said 18 of the people who completed the questionnaire were Interact addicts. "Our research indicates that excessive Interact use is associated with depression, but what we don't know is which comes first--are depressed people drawn to the Interact or does the Interact cause depression.'?" the article's lead author, Dr. Catriona Morrison, said. "What is clear is that, for a small part of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warning signal for depressive tendencies. " The age range of all respondents was between 16 and 51 years, with a mean age of 21.24. The mean age of the 18 Internet addicts, 13 of whom were male and five female, was 18.3 years. By comparing the scale of depression within this group to that within a group of 18 non-addicted Intemet users, researchers found the Internet addicts had a higher incidence of moderate to severe depression than non-addicts. They also discovered that addicts spent proportionately more time browsing sexually pleasing websites, online gaming sites and online communities. "This study reinforces the public speculation that over-engaging in websites that serve to replace normal social function might be linked to psychological disorders like depression and addiction," Morrison said. "We now need to consider the wider societal implications of this relationship and establish clearly the effects of excessive Interact use on mental health. /

单选题Which of the following sentences about pure science is true?