单选题How much of American GNP comes from sectors that are affected by climate change ?

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单选题Vacations are a chance to take a break from work, see the world and enjoy time with family. But do they make you happier? Researchers from the Netherlands set out to measure the effect that vacations have on overall happiness and how long it lasts. They studied happiness levels among 1,530 Dutch adults, 974 of whom took a vacation during the 32-week study period. The study, published in the journal Applied Research in Quality of Life, showed that the largest boost in happiness comes from the simple act of planning a vacation. In the study, the effect of vacation anticipation boosted happiness for eight weeks. After the vacation, happiness quickly dropped back to baseline levels for most people. How much stress or relaxation a traveler experienced on the trip appeared to influence post-vacation happiness. There was no post- trip happiness benefit for travelers who said the vacation was "neutral" or "stressful. " Surprisingly, even those travelers who described the trip as "relaxing" showed no additional jump in happiness after the trip. "They were no happier than people who had not been on holiday," said the lead author, Jeroen Nawijn, tourism research lecturer at Breda University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands. The only vacationers who experienced an increase in happiness after the trip were those who reported feeling "very relaxed" on their vacation. Among those people, the vacation happiness effect lasted for just two weeks after the trip before returning to baseline levels. "Vacations do make people happy," Mr. Nawijn said. "But we found people who are anticipating holiday trips show signs of increased happiness, and afterward there is hardly an effect. " One reason vacations don't boost happiness after the trip may have to do with the/stress of returning to work. And for some travelers, the holiday itself was stressful. "In comments from people, the thing they mentioned most referred to disagreements with a travel partner or being ill," Mr. Nawijn said. The research controlled for differences among the vacationers and those who hadn't taken a trip, including income level, stress and education. However, Mr. Nawijn noted that questions remain about whether the time of year, type of trip and other factors may influence post-vacation happiness.

单选题Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题The success of the New Town approach lies in the fact that ______.

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单选题 Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题As high school students flock to social networking sites, campus police are scanning their Facebook and MySpace pages for tips to help break up fights, monitor gangs and prevent crime. Some students object to police looking over their shoulders. But officers responsible for school safety say routine checks of the online forums often add to the knowledge they obtain from hallways or schoolyards. In recent years, school administrators have blamed some campus fights on Internet conflicts and urged parents to keep watch on their children's computer activity. But students who use the Web to let their 500 closest friends know what they are doing at all times are sometimes surprised that police are watching, too. Police don't have special privileges on Facebook or MySpace. Students who want to go unobserved can change privacy settings so that their profiles are displayed only to a list of approved people. But the default (默认) settings leave those profiles open to many Internet users (in the case of Facebook) or all of them (in the case of MySpace). Employers and college admissions counselors have examined online profiles of student applicants for some time. Police across the country have been doing the same for the past two or three years, said Kevin Quinn, a spokesman for the Minnesota-based National Association of School Resource Officers. "If you're already familiar with the technology, it doesn't take you but a couple of minutes to hook into the student population and keep an eye on things," Quinn said. An expedition into a thicket (丛林) of MySpace profiles found high school students discussing drugs, sex and fights. It was all publicly available (although in language that caused a reporter to blush). Late last month, Fairfax County police announced the arrests of seven Chantilly area teenagers for trying to recruit Franklin Middle School students to a gang. That investigation was aided when a student showed the school resource officer gang symbols littering one of the suspect's MySpace profiles. Fairfax police say they pride themselves on addressing issues in schools before they develop into major problems. Keeping an eye on Facebook and MySpace has become an extra tool in that effort, they said.

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单选题Could you take a ________ sheet of paper and write your name at the top?

单选题 {{B}}Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are bused on the passage you have just heard.{{/B}}

单选题A storm surge is a mound of water produced when a hurricane moves across a large body of water. Driving wind "pushes" the water so quickly that it "piles up" on the water in front of it, producing a mound of water that is higher than normal sea level. As the storm approaches land, the storm surge can be pushed up the beach and deep into inland areas. It arrives as a rush of water and can be capped by large, strong, pounding waves. Storm surge flooding is often the most deadly and damaging impact of a hurricane. Storm surges are capable of causing total inundation(淹没) of entire coastal areas. A powerful hurricane can produce a storm surge of 15 feet or more. Storm surges of 20, 30 and 40 feet have been experienced in extreme storms. Portions of many important coastal cities and resort areas have thousands of people living on land that is less than 10 feet above sea level. Storm surges can knock down buildings, move trains off of their tracks, carry ships and docks inland, fill subways and do many other types of damage. People who live in vulnerable areas should heed evacuation orders. If they wait for the water to arrive, escape can be impossible. This is because the surge arrives suddenly, and quickly covers a very broad area. Less than two feet of water can drown out a car. Walking through moving water is very difficult. The water can be very cold and the wind chill will cut right through wet clothing! People who cannot escape quickly to higher ground or second stories can easily die of hypothermia in under an hour. Forecasting a storm surge and its characteristics is difficult because there are so many variables. It is difficult to predict the time of arrival, and that makes it impossible to know if high tide or low tide will be contributing to the height of the surge or detracting from it. It is also difficult to know the windspeed at the time of landfall, how much water will be contributed by rainfall, the exact location of landfall and how topography(地形) will influence the movement of water. If you live in an area where an evacuation is ordered, obey that order and leave promptly.

单选题Desertification (沙漠化) in the dry United States is very serious. Groundwater supplies beneath vast stretches of land are dropping rapidly. Many river systems have dried up. Hundreds of thousands of acres of previously irrigated cropland have been abandoned to wind or weeds. Several million acres of natural grassland are eroded at unnaturally high rates as a result of cultivation or overgrazing (过度放牧). All told, about 225 million acres of land are under severe desertification. Federal subsidies (补贴) encourage the exploitation of dry land resources. Low-interest loans for irrigation and other water delivery systems encourage farmers and industry to mine groundwater. Federal disaster relief and commodity program encourage dry-land farmers to plow up natural grassland to plant crops such as wheat, especially, cotton. Federal grazing fees that are well below the free market price encourage over-grazing of the commons. The market, too, provides powerful incentives (激励) to exploit dry land resources beyond their carrying capacity. The incentives to exploit dry land resources are greater than ever. The government is now offering huge new subsidies to produce synthetic fuel from coal oil as well as alcohol fuel from crops. Moreover, commodity prices are on the rise; and they will provide farmers and agricultural businesses with powerful incentives to overexploit arid land resources. The existing federal government cost-share programs designed to help finance the conservation as soil, water, and vegetation are pale in comparison to such incentives. In the final analysis, when viewed in the national perspective, the effects on agriculture are the most troublesome aspect of desertification in the US. For it comes at a time when we are losing over a million acres of rain-watered crop and grass land per year to higher uses—shopping centers, industrial parks, housing development, and waste dump—regardless of the economic need of the US to export agricultural products or of the world's need US food and fiber. Today the dry West accounts for 20 percent of the nation's total agricultural output. If the US is, as it appears, well in its way toward overdrawing the dry land resources, then the policy choice is simply to pay now for the appropriate remedies or pay for later when productive benefits from arid land resources have been both realized and largely terminated.