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{{B}}Part III Reading Comprehension{{/B}}

"We have been ignoring the biggest global health threat of the 21st century." This was the message spelled out in a report launched by doctors and climatologists (气候学家) in London. Over the coming century, climate change will worsen virtually every health problem we know of. "The health sector has in the past not only underestimated but completely neglected and ignored the issues," said Richard Horton, editor of The Lancet. "This has not been an issue on the agenda of any professional body in health over the last 10 years in any significant way." The Lancet commissioned the report from a panel of specialists at University College London. The doctors said they felt the tide was turning, however. "It is true that the health sector is beginning to wake up to this," said Hugh Montgomery, director of UCL's Institute for Human Health and Performance. He cited the UK's Royal College of Physicians, whose president has made climate change "pretty much its number one priority". Anthony Costello, director of UCL's Institute for Global Health, said that helping to write the report had been a personal wake-up call. "Eighteen months ago, I felt there were other priorities," he said. "I thought infant deaths were a much more immediate risk to the developing countries I visited." The report alerted him up to the fact that the world is facing a global crisis. "I want to retain some optimism. If we do act now, we can hold back this crisis." The doctors and researchers listed shortages of water and food, along with war and ecological collapse, as the most pressing health threats posed by climate change. The message does not appear to have filtered through to the family doctors and health policy-makers whose job is to save lives. "Think of the average general practitioner," said Mark Maslin, a climatologist at UCL. Between short appointments and struggling to keep up with medical journals, they have little time to factor climate change into their long list of responsibilities. "This report says the medical profession has to wake up," said Maslin. "Pulling our hair out, saying we're all going to die horribly does not save lives."

据 新华社 (Xinhua News Agency)报道，中国人每年浪费的食物约等同于5000万吨粮食。让人更为震惊的是，大学生浪费的食物数量是全国平均量的两倍。为了减少粮食浪费，许多高校食堂纷纷采取各种措施。通过提高饭菜的质量、提供小份菜等举措鼓励学生参与“ 光盘行动 ”(eat-up campaign).这些措施极大地提高了学生们节约食物的意识。很多学生表示要为杜绝食物浪费尽一己之力。

京剧脸谱(the facial makeup of Beijing Opera)是具有民族特色的一种独特的化妆方法。它最大的特点在于借助不同的色彩来展示人物的性格。脸谱的颜色使观众对人物的善恶美丑一目了然。通常红色代表忠诚；黑色象征正直；紫色意味公正；黄色喻示残暴(brutality)。此外，脸谱还常常带有图案(design)来表述某个故事，比如后羿脸谱上有九个太阳，表明他曾经用箭射掉了九个太阳。

在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。

圆明园继承了中国园林建筑的传统，把不同风格的园林建筑融为一体，充分体现出和谐与完美。

网上购物是中国近几年日益流行的新型购物方式。人们在购物网站搜索自己想要的物品，在网上发出电子订单并付款。卖家通过快递公司送货上门。网上购物的主要人群最初是大学生和白领，现在大多数网民都有过网购的经历。过去十年，购物网站的数量也有大幅增加，所售商品日益丰富。有人认为方便和低价是网上购物迅速发展的重要因

《白蛇传》(Legend of the White Snake)是中国古代广为流传的民间故事之一。传说一条名叫“白素贞”的白蛇来到凡间与许仙结为夫妻。然而，他们的婚姻遭到法海和尚(Buddhist monk)的反对，因为法海认为人妖(evil spirit)不能结合。于是，法海将白素贞压在雷峰塔(pagoda)底。多年后，白素贞的儿子中了状元(Zhuangyuan title)，来到雷峰塔前跪拜母亲。这一切感动了天神，令雷峰塔倒塌，白素贞出塔，一家人终得以团聚。

洛阳，因位于洛河之阳而得名，是我国的历史文化名城和七大古都之一。洛阳是中华文明的发祥地之一，在相当长的历史时期内曾经是我国重要的政治、经济、文化中心，亦是重要的交通枢纽。各种历史文化遗迹遍布洛阳，如中国三大石刻艺术宝库之一的龙门石窟(Longmen Grottoes)，在中国兴建的第一个官办佛教寺院(Buddhist temple)白马寺等。洛阳牡丹甲天下，洛阳是我国热门旅游城市之一。

BSection A/B

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For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is A Tutor Necessary? following the outline given below．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words． 1．许多中小学生都请家教 2．这种做法有人赞同，有人反对 3．我认为……

BSection C/B

Unemployment-insurance (UI) benefits first passed in 2008 and extended several times. America's government has enacted such measures in every recession since 1957. The most recent extension expired on December 28th, leaving roughly 1. 3m Americans suddenly cut off and setting the stage for a huge political battle early in 2014. Republicans principally object to the extension's cost—around $25 billion over the next two years. Some point out that supplemental UI benefits have been in place longer and paid out more than in past recessions. Of course, one reason for this is that a far larger share of Americans remains out of work now than when the recession began. In November 2013 America's unemployment rate was 7. 0% , still a full two points higher than its 5% level when the recession began in December 2007. There remain roughly three applicants for every open job. Even so, Rand Paul, a Republican senator from Kentucky, says that extending UI benefits causes workers "to become part of this perpetual unemployed group in our economy" and "actually does a disservice to the people you're trying to help." Not extending benefits will probably cause the unemployment rate to drop. Unlike some other economic stimuli, these benefits tend to get spent quickly on consumer goods. Mr. Obama has proposed several policies aimed at helping the long-term unemployed. One would set up a National Infrastructure Bank and spend $ 40 billion on deferred-maintenance repairs. Another, the Community College to Career Fund Act, would award grants to educational institutions and state and local governments for better job-training programmes. Congress has not approved them. In 2010 it passed a payroll-tax exemption for employers who hire the unemployed; this has since expired. Yet there is not much hope for improvement in America's polarized atmosphere. Instead, Congress will begin the new year by once again debating UI benefits. House Democrats have introduced legislation to extend benefits for three months, paid for by trimming farm subsidies.

Nearly 5,000 people below the age of 21 die because of excessive alcohol consumption each year. Oddly, this has triggered a new movement to lower the drinking age. In America, young people can vote, drive, marry, divorce, hunt and go to war before alcohol is legally allowed to touch their lips. Many states once set their minimum drinking-age at 18. But in 1984 Ronald Reagan oversaw the passage of the "21 law", which requires states to set 21 as the minimum drinking-age or risk losing 10% of their highway funds. Now campaigners want to move it back. In the past, states have been too financially timid to challenge the 21 law. But calls for change are growing louder. Two local judges in South Carolina recently ruled that banning 18- to 20-year-olds from drinking or possessing alcohol is unconstitutional. Public officials, including the former attorney general of South Dakota, have called the 21 law a failure. The about-face of Morris Chafetz, a doctor who served on the commission that recommended increasing the drinking-age to 21, has also raised eyebrows. This week he called it the most regrettable decision of his career. Supporters of existing status, including the organisation Mothers Against Drunk Driving, say that the law has helped avoid thousands of deaths. But doubters point out that other countries, like Canada, have seen similar declines, even though their drinking-age is 18. They also argue that barring young people from drinking does not stop them from consuming alcohol: it just makes them drink more quickly. John McCardell, former president of Middlebury College in Vermont, is part of the Amethyst Initiative, a group of educators who are pushing for 18-year-olds to be allowed to drink. "Those who have graduated from high school, have a clean record and completed an alcohol-education programme should qualify for a drinking licence," he says, "in the same way that people who go to driving school receive a licence to operate a vehicle." This is not the first time that Americans have desired a change in alcohol policy during a period of economic distress. Franklin Roosevelt lifted prohibition in 1933 amid the trouble of a depression.

{{B}}Part Ⅳ Translation{{/B}}

他为人太过圆滑，所以没人喜欢他。

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中国的 重阳节 (Double Ninth Festival)由来已久。人们普遍认为重阳节源于“ 辟邪 ”(warding off evil).这一天的活动，包括登山、赏 菊 (chrysanthemum)、喝菊花酒等。随着时间的推移，它变成了一个庆祝的节日。这天，家人团聚在一起，也会纪念家族的祖先。1989年，我国把这一天定为 老人节 (Seniors’Day)，表达我们对老人的尊敬与爱戴，使这个节日在新的历史时期继续发挥文化传承的作用。