[此试题无题干]

[此试题无题干]

高山族世代居住在中国的台湾省，人口约为40万。

BPart Ⅳ Translation/B

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestouniteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountofstudent'sincreasingrelianceontechnologytosolveproblems,andthenexplaintheconsequenceofover-dependenceonit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

《西游记》 (Journey to the West)是中国四大古典小说之一。它是由 明代 (the Ming Dynasty)吴承恩撰写的一部优秀的神话小说。该小说讲述的是玄奘 和尚 (monk)在历经种种考验和磨难后，成功到达西天取回 真经 (Buddhist sutras)的故事。因人物和情节描述生动，《西游记》在国内外广为流传，被翻译成多种语言。1986年，同名电视剧《西游记》播出，大受观众喜欢。

Ah, my very favorite promotional product of all, the refrigerator magnet. They are my favorite, because they are so extremely inexpensive, and extremely effective in getting your company name seen in countless locations. They don't make the greatest commission for a salesman of advertising specialties, but I can't stop myself from recommending these little beauties first and foremost to my new customers and prospects. And the reason is so simple. They WORK! I've yet to approach anyone in any kind of business where I don't feel that a refrigerator magnet will be regarded as effective advertising. It has to be granted that some are more suited than others, but I still maintain that they'd be of use to any business. Domino's Pizza is notorious for giving out a magnet with deliveries that includes their logo and the phone number of the local store. I worked for Domino's when I was a young guy, as a delivery driver. Often, whenever sales would drop a little, or the manager was desiring a prize, we would go "door hanging". Boy did these door hangers produced strong results. Inexpensive marketing that had proven itself time and time again. My fellow employees and I would spend time in a "slow" neighborhood, hanging these on the door knobs of as many homes and apartments as we could, and the results would be immediate. Sales would shoot through the roof! If a crew went out "door hanging" you could count on a lot of calls coming in that evening from the area you'd just targeted, for the next 3 days. The problem with these door hangers is, they're paper, and they wind up in the trash, rather quickly. A refrigerator magnet, almost always winds up on the refrigerator. And there it stays, for a long, long time. What other conventional advertising stays in a home that long? A commercial, printed advertisement, a radio address? Nothing stays as long as the magnet. And no matter what is put on the fridge, be it your child's neatest drawing of a hairy fire truck, or their lunch menu at school, what's on the very top? The beautiful, blessed magnet bearing YOUR company logo!

[此试题无题干]

Culture Shock A) Because I've lived in China for a long time, locals often smile and give me the honorable title of being "an Old China-hand". I'm flattered by that, but I know that no matter how long I live here, I'll still be a "lao-wai". But Chinese people are very hospitable, and in many situations I feel very much at home. But it wasn't always that way. I must admit, it is not easy to adapt to a new environment. Perhaps by sharing the experiences of one of my friends', readers will gain some insight into adjustments that they may face in the future. B) My friend Dr. Dong had a wonderful chance to go to Seattle to present a paper at a professional meeting. Having attended my course in Intercultural Communications, he consulted me to review some of the cultural differences he might experience. I also gave him the phone number of a friend of mine who lived in the area. When he got back, we met to review his experience. Dr. Dong told me that the course information had helped him. He experienced the typical stages of culture shock. He arrived expectant (期待的) and happy and enjoyed his first days very much. At the medical conference, he felt quite confident in his area of research and was able to perform well in his presentation. But after a few days, he began to feel uncomfortable. His medical English was fine, but the social interaction skills were different, and he was unsure of the cues and the communication style. C) He worried more and more that he was misunderstanding simple English greetings and table talk conventions. When someone greeted him with, "Hi, how's it going?" he thought they had asked him "where are you going?" and answered with the name of the conference hall, only to get a quizzical (古怪的) stare from them. At a western style dinner, a colleague asked, "So how're you enjoyin' the States?" he thought he heard, "how are you enjoying your steak?" and answered that he was eating chicken, not beef. That time, they smiled, and patiently repeated the question, then both laughed at the error. D) Such misunderstandings and miscommunications were minor. But for Dr. Dong, they were the beginning of a sense of "cultural confusion." By the end of the meetings, he felt a deep sense of "cultural stress" and was worn out from having to pay attention to so many new expressions and ways of dealing with things. He felt his handshake was not as firm as Americans', found that people reacted unusually when he modestly insisted his English was not good after they complimented him, didn't know how to accept dinner invitations properly and therefore missed out on going to several lunches, and so on. Eventually, he was so bewildered that he felt the full impact of "culture shock" E) What is culture shock and why does it occur? The term was coined about 50 years ago by the Swedish scholar, Kalvero Oberg. His seminal (有重大影响的) article, "Culture Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments" (1960) has been reprinted and revised for many textbooks and magazines. He called it "the occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad." His use of the word "disease" is a pun, because it implies that it is like an "ailment (疾病 ), with its own symptoms and cure," but also that the root cause is also a feeling of "dis-"ease, or unsettled uneasiness. F) Think back on your own experience. Have you ever moved from one context to another? Many students feel some of this adjustment shock when they change from one school to another, or move from a small town to a big city. The list of sensations one feels in new surroundings often includes: Feeling like an outsider, feeling unsure of oneself or even feeling stupid; sensing that one's language skills aren't good enough, missing jokes, colloquial (口语的) phrases, references to TV shows or pop songs or other cultural "insider" information; feeling lonely and wanting to go "home," feeling more and more like a stranger or outcast; feeling overwhelmed, overloaded, daydreaming, staring blankly at things or even staring at nothing; becoming more and more afraid of communicating and of making mistakes, worried, anxious. G) These are all symptoms of initial culture shock. With a new context comes new ways of doing things. So being uninitiated (不被接纳的) and unsure of what to do, this sense of displacement is often very strong at the beginning. But the good news is that humans are very good at adapting. Though everyone undergoes some degree of psychological stress in transition, after a few weeks or months, we learn how to "read" our new context. We become aware of the new cues, the new expectations, errors, and with a lot of patience with oneself, most people succeed in overcoming culture shock and learn to enjoy their new context. H) Dr. Dong's visit to the US was only three weeks long, but by the end of the 5-day medical conference, he was already starting to feel more confident. Sure he felt a little foolish about some of the mistakes he had made, but he quickly learned to laugh at his errors and found his colleagues smiled with him. This broke down the barriers to communication and helped him build some good professional relationships. And after the conference, he contacted the family I had referred him to and had a very nice time visiting them. There were some new cultural surprises, but he discovered he could better understand and adapt to them. I) By the time he returned to China, he was feeling quite positive about his American trip, and was glad for the new experiences and new skills it had given him. He had become successful in the initial transitions to a new culture. Though he had gone through some embarrassing or trying culture stresses, each had proven to be valuable learning experiences, and in the end had helped him overcome culture shock. Of course, there were a hundred other adjustments. Some were the ones most difficult at first. Getting used to new things is a normal part of any transition—I wish you good luck in your future adjustments!

人们一边赏月，一边吃月饼。

Creating a Harmonious Family For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Creating a Harmonious Family by commenting on the saying, "If family lives in harmony, all affairs will prosper." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

[此试题无题干]

BSection A/B

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Companies should encourage old employees(55 years old)to retire, in order to give opportunities to the new generation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

风水(Fengshui)是一门使人与环境达到和谐的艺术，是中国哲学在环境上的反映。

How to Make Peace with Your WorkloadA)Swamped(忙碌的), under the gun, just struggling to stay above water: whatever office cliche you employ to depict it, we' ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.B)Get organized. "Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you' 11 retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion," says Jeff Davidson who works as a work / life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. "When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable." Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. "Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can't locate a document or report easily because it's lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation," he says. "Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies."C)Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. "Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time," she suggests. "This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand: otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you're reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable," Carlson says.D)Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, it's counterproductive. Unless you're drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, you're not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once. "If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement," Rudy says. "Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing." Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. "When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one," he says.E)Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says she's frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to "do it all" by setting a time limit for each task. "I have the type of personality that flits(轻轻地掠过)from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate," Brown says. "As a consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business(not sending photos or playing Farmville)and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I don't end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day."F)Talk to your manager. "Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them(that they're no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the manager's head: he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee," says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Green's suggestion unfolds in this manner: "If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done." Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren't just complaining about their workload.G)Eliminate time wasters. "If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly," says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: "Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says 'You' ve got an e-mail: and give staff members a set time to visit you." Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roth's point. "E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand," he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. "If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business," he says.H)Assess your workload before taking on new tasks. "The paradox of today's work environment is that the more you do, the more that's expected of you," Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned(使一致)with your priorities and goals: Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week: What else could you do that would be more rewarding: What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face: Does the other party have options other than you: Will he or she be crushed if you say no?I)Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.

杭州特产众多，其中以丝绸和茶叶最受欢迎。

{{B}}Section A{{/B}}

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Digital Reading or Traditional Reading? following the outline given below．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．． 1．电子书发展快，优点多，市场份额在上升 2．有人因此认为电子阅读将取代传统阅读，有人则不这么认为 3．我的看法