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Avila, 18, isn't a Doogie Howser-esque super achiever. The West Potomac High School senior is among hundreds of thousands of teenagers getting a head start on an associate's or a bachelor's degree—and saving on tuition—by taking college courses in high school. President Obama, who set the goal of having the United States claim the highest share of college graduates of any country by 2020, is counting on the success of students such as Avila, a Mexican immigrant whose parents never finished high school. One approach policymakers are harnessing(利用)to help students such as her: dual enrollment programs that lower tuition and attract students who don't think college is within reach. The partnership between Fairfax County schools and Northern Virginia Community College sets Avila, one of six children, on a path to earn a bachelor's degree. She wants to study dental hygiene(卫生学)at the community college in the fall and then transfer to Virginia Commonwealth University. Heading straight to a four-year university isn't an option. "If I had the opportunity, I would, but there's no money for it," Avila said. Her English and Government credits will make college less expensive. She's paying reduced tuition—$43 for the English composition course, which costs $ 286 for students at the NVCC campus—and the high school buys the books. "As I tell kids and parents, it's the best deal since sliced bread," said Bruce Jankowitz, assistant principal at West Potomac High, which offers six dual enrollment sessions in English and Government, up from two last year. "These are kids who have not come from the orientation that college is in your future. It serves a niche for students who are motivated to go to college—maybe they are the first in their family to go to college." Raising the rate depends on getting more minority students into higher education. In the decade leading up to 2014-2015, public high schools are expected to produce about 207 000 more Hispanic(说西班牙语的)graduates—a 54 percent jump, according to a report by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. There will be more Asian and black graduates and fewer whites.

BSection A/B

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For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled To Save or Not to Save?following the outline given below．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words． 1．随着人们生活水平提高，中国传统的存钱观念受到挑战 2．存钱还是不存钱，我的看法是…

The hassle involved in updating software means many of us don't do it, leaving our computers exposed to crash-prone, and insecure code. But now two major objections to【C1】______ updates—the fact that you have to stop running the software to upgrade it and the【C2】______ that an update will introduce bugs—could be removed thanks to an ingenious idea from engineers at Imperial College London. Computer scientists have worked out how to employ the unused cores in "multicore" (多核) microprocessors (微处理器) to make the update process invisible to the user. Whenever an update is【C3】______ , their trick is to leave the old version of the software running on one【C4】______ —so you can carry on using it—while running the update in【C5】______ on an unused core. They then synchronize (使同步；使同时发生) the execution of the two programs in such a way—an idea that limits damage from fresh bugs introduced by the update. In a Swiss survey, 70 per cent of a sample of 50 system administrators admitted they don't always update software for fear of the【C6】______ it will cause—and because 25 per cent of updates can introduce new【C7】______ . The Imperial team has now successfully tested their idea, they told the International Conference on Software Engineering in San Francisco last month. They say their【C8】______ could be applied to apps on【C9】______ as well as to server applications, but it is best suited to larger systems needing "increasing reliability, availability and【C10】______ ".A) downtime F) smartphones K) coreB) available G) secure L) securityC) ideas H) parallel M) installingD) bugs I) fear N) versionE) equipment J) using O) trick

It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling【C1】______, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling【C2】______comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of【C3】______good in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would【C4】______give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that【C5】______have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell. Tramps(流浪汉)seem to be the only【C6】______to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to【C7】______the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not【C8】______their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. We often speak of tramps with【C9】______and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little【C10】______of their simple way of life and their freedom from care? A)arouse B)knowledge C)scored D)sacrifice E)material F)invulnerable G)spiritual H)anxious I)envious J)willingly K)skills L)associate M)happiness N)exception O)contempt

中国是世界四大 文明古国 (ancient civilization)之一。它位于亚洲东部、 太平洋 (the Pacific Ocean)西岸，面积960万平方公里。中国人口约13亿，是世界上人口最多的国家，有56个 民族 (nationalities).中国历史悠久，幅员辽阔，景色壮丽，自然资源丰富，文化璀璨。1949年，中华人民共和国成立。经过半个多世纪的发展，中国在政治、经济、科技、文化、教育等方面取得辉煌的成就，为世人瞩目。

Topic On the Importance of Curiosity For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay commenting on the remark, "Not to know is bad; not to wish to know is worse." You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain how people can develop curiosity. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

清明节(Tomb Sweeping Day)是中国最重要的传统节日之一。它起源于周朝(the Zhou Dynasty)，有2500多年的历史。清明节是中国人扫墓祭祖的重要日子。扫墓时，人们携带酒食果品和纸钱到墓地，将食物供祭在亲人墓前，为坟墓添加新土、焚烧纸钱、行礼祭拜、最后吃掉酒食回家。除了扫墓，人们还参与包括荡秋千、放风筝等各种活动。

Learn to Walk Before You Run For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Learn to walk before you run." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of a solid foundation to achieve something. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Some Americans are a little nervous about the nation's future, but others feel secure, knowing that the man they consider the most powerful person in the world isn't going anywhere. Just who is this behind-the-scenes guy they think has more power than George W. Bush ever will? He's Alan Greenspan, a 74-year-old expert economist who heads the Federal Reserve, commonly known as the Fed. Unlike the president, who has to please the voters and compromise with Congress, Greenspan doesn't have to answer to anyone. But that doesn't mean his job is easy. Basically, Greenspan is in charge of keeping the nation's economy stable. The economy is sort of like a balloon: blow in too much air, and it pops. But with too little air, it falls to the floor. Greenspan helps decide when to blow more air into the economy. In this case, the air in a balloon is the amount of money in the economy. Greenspan can make the economy grow by increasing the money supply, or keep the economy from inflating too much by decreasing the money supply. His goal is for the economy to grow and contract gradually. Rapid changes can harm businesses and consumers. After years of very high growth, the American economy is starting to slow down. Recently, corporations have been making less money and people are starting to have a harder time finding jobs. Greenspan is hoping to ease the economy into a soft landing. It's just like to make the car come to a gentle stop instead of hitting a brick wall. If he succeeds, the country will avoid two possible problems: rising prices and high unemployment. At the Fed's meeting, Greenspan and the other members decided that the economy was growing at an OK rate, but that there is a possibility of a serious slowdown, and in order to solve that, they could lower interest rates at the next meeting in an attempt to encourage people to borrow and spend. While there's no way to know what they will decide, one thing is certain: the decisions that Greenspan and the Federal Reserve Board make will affect everyone who earns, borrows or spends money.

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Back in the day, a good report card earned you a parental pat on the back, but now it could be money in your pocket. Experiments with cash incentives (激励) for students have been catching on in public-school districts across the country, and so has the debate over whether they are a【C1】______tool for hard-to-motivate students. According to a study【C2】______today by the social-policy research group MDRC, a non-profit organization, cash incentives combined with counseling offered "real hope" to low-income and nontraditional students at two Louisiana community colleges. The program【C3】______by the Louisiana Department of Social Services and the Louisiana Workforce Commission was simple: enroll in college at least half-time,【C4】______at least a C average and earn $1,000 a semester for up to two terms. Participants, who were randomly【C5】______, were 30% more likely to register for a second semester than were students who were not offered the supplemental financial【C6】______. And the participants who were first offered cash incentives in spring 2004—and thus whose progress was tracked for longer than that of subsequent groups before Hurricane Katrina【C7】______forced researchers to suspend the survey for several months in August 2005—were also more likely than their peers to be enrolled in college a year after they had finished the two-term program. Students offered cash incentives in the Louisiana program earned more【C8】______and were more likely to attain a C average than were nonparticipants. And they showed psychological【C9】______too, reporting more positive feelings about themselves and their abilities to【C10】______their goals for the future.A) abruptly E) brilliant I) fulfilled M) releasedB) accomplish F) claim J) funded N) retainC) aid G) cooperative K) maintain O) selectedD) benefits H) credits L) naturally

Girls think they are cleverer, more successful and harder working than boys from as young as four, a study has found. Boys come round to this view by the age of seven or eight and assume that girls will outperform them at school and behave better in lessons, research from the University of Kent shows. The study—Gender Expectations and Stereotype Threat—argues that teachers have lower expectations of boys than of girls and this belief fulfils itself throughout primary and secondary school. Girls' performance at school may be boosted by what they perceive to be their teachers' belief that they will achieve higher results and be more conscientious (勤奋的) than boys, the academics claim. Boys may underachieve because they pick up on teachers' assumptions that they will obtain lower results than girls and have less drive. "By seven or eight years old, children of both genders believe that boys are less focused, able and successful than girls—and think that adults endorse (认可) this stereotype," the academic Bonny Hartley said. "There are signs that these expectations have the potential to become self-fulfilling in influencing children's actual conduct and achievement." Hartley said that while it was unacceptable to divide classes by the race of their pupils, this was not the case for gender. "In this way, it is widely acceptable to pitch the boys against the girls or 'harmlessly' divide the class in this way for practical ease." Jenny Parkes, senior lecturer at the Institute of Education, University of London, said there had been marked changes in girls' achievement in the UK in the latter half of the 20th century, in part thanks to feminism's influence on the way girls view themselves. "This seems to be particularly the case for middle-class girls. Some studies have looked at how academic work is seen as 'feminine' and so for some boys achieving highly at school risks being labelled as feminine," Parkes said. "At the same time, this differs across different countries, ethnic and social class groups and from subject to subject. Adults do have an important role in helping children—whether they are girls or boys, high or low achievers—to have confidence in themselves as learners."

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中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin—yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。

现在中国越来越盛行西式婚礼，但还是有很多年轻人选择中式婚礼。结婚当天，新郎要在亲朋好友的陪同下去新娘家迎娶新娘。当他们到达婚礼地点时，音乐和鞭炮声随即响起，而身穿红色裙装的新娘将会在一片喜庆的气氛中被领上红毯。新人在 叩拜 (kowtow)天地、父母和夫妻交拜之后进入 洞房 (bridal chamber)，客人们则开始宴席。红色象征着喜庆，是服装以及其他婚礼相关物品的显著特点。