For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Posting Photos on Social Media. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

其他人可能会表现出胃痛或头痛等身体不适的症状。

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{{B}}Part Ⅳ Translation{{/B}}

城镇化 (urbanization)是指农村人口向城市迁移的过程。衡量一个国家城镇化水平的一个重要指标是农村和城镇地区的人口分布。去年，中国的城镇化率超过了50%。这标志着我国步入了一个全新的“城市型社会”。城镇化已经成为我国社会和经济发展的重要组成部分。它为城市居民提供了更好的教育和更多的就业机会，不但提高了人们的生活水平，也丰富了人们的文化体验。

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Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and【C1】______. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the【C2】______outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often【C3】______and may even be counterproductive (使达不到预期目标的). Humans are the only animals【C4】______known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given【C5】______to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that【C6】______survival. Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain【C7】______. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves. Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently【C8】______two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such【C9】______. Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of【C10】______human ills and monitoring drugs. A. attention B. overwhelming C. inappropriate D. embarrassed E. diagnosing F. indispensable G. rise H. isolated I. definitely J. enhance K. aspiration L. emotional M. repelled N. substance O. increasingly

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On College Students' Self-care Ability following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1.目前不少高校学生的自理能力很差2.产生此种现象的原因是……3.为了提高学生的自理能力，应该……On College Students' Self-care Ability

China International Publishing Group is the largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing and distribution establishment. Adhering to the publishing philosophy of " assisting China's march to the world and facilitating world's understanding of China", the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff, the Group makes it a rule that young staff will be selected and sent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas, for further studies every year.

BPart I Writing/B

Topic On Academic Cheating For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Academic Cheating following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1．如今学术造假现象不少见 2．学术造假的原因是…… 3．我对此现象的看法

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中国有着悠久的扇子文化。最早的扇子出现在3000年前，由羽毛制成。如今，扇子的制作材料已变得多样化，最常用的是纸和真丝。扇子的用途很广泛，除了能使人凉快之外，还可用于舞蹈、装饰等。在中国文化里，与其说扇子是个工具，不如说它是一个艺术品。扇面上的书法(calligraphy)、绘画和诗歌为扇子增添了艺术价值，使扇子为历代收藏家所珍爱。

Working to Improve the Conditions of Everglades National Park A) When many people think of Florida, images of sandy coastlines or theme park rides come to mind. But about an hour south of Miami lies a natural wilderness different from anywhere else in the United States. Everglades National Park is the largest subtropical wilderness in the country. The park is home to several rare and endangered species. It is also the third largest national park in the lower forty-eight states, after Death Valley and Yellowstone. More than one million people visit the Everglades each year. B) The Everglades is considered one of the great biological wonders of the world. The expansive wetlands stretch across more than six hundred thousand hectares (公顷). It is a place where plants and animals from the Caribbean Sea share an ecosystem with native North American species. Unlike most other national parks, Everglades National Park was created to protect an ecosystem from damage. The Everglades is home to thirty-six species that are considered threatened or protected. They include the Florida panther, the American crocodile and the West Indian manatee. In addition, more than three hundred fifty bird species and three hundred species of fresh and saltwater fish live within the park. The Everglades is also home to forty species of mammals (哺乳动物) and fifty reptile (爬行动物) species. C) Exotic plants can also be found in the Everglades. They include what is said to be the largest growth of mangrove trees in the western half of the world. Gumbo-limbo trees, known for their peeling red skin, strangler figs and royal palms are also among the area's plant life. The Everglades is also home to the country's largest living mahogany tree. Sawgrass grows in some areas of the park. Be careful—it is very sharp, with teeth just like a saw. It can grow up to four meters tall. With about one and one-half meters of rainfall each year, plants and trees never stop growing in the Everglades. D) The dry, winter season is the favorite of most visitors, when insects like mosquitoes are less of a problem. The rainy season lasts from June to November. There are many ways to explore the Everglades. Visitors could see American crocodiles while hiking the Anhinga Trail. The Everglades is the only place on Earth where fresh water crocodiles and saltwater crocodiles live in the same area. Visitors using canoes or airboats are likely to see large groups of wading birds like the wood stork or great blue heron. It is even possible to see flamingos in the Everglades. This spring, Everglades National Park launched a visitation program to what was once a highly restricted military base. Park officials are working to recover a missile base used in the 1960s. The base played a Part In the nuclear tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. E) The government built the Florida base shortly after the discovery of Soviet missiles about three hundred kilometers away, on the island of Cuba. Tensions were high during the Cuban missile crisis. But missiles stored at the American base were never fired. The base was closed and all missile equipment was removed in the 1970s. Today only the buildings remain. This year, the historic area had many visitors, including former American service members who remember the missile crisis. The park hopes to offer more trips next spring, to help support the history for those who lived through it and for future generations. F) Experts say changes to the Everglades are threatening several different kinds of wildlife. They say the threats are a result of actions the United States government began more than fifty years ago, and settlers began even earlier. The National Park Service says early colonial settlers and land developers thought the Everglades had little value. The settlers had plans to remove water from the area and in the 1880s developers began digging drain canals. At the time, they did not understand the complexity of the Everglades' ecosystem. As a result, they were not prepared for all the work and caused environmental problems. The ecosystem, however, was able to survive. G) Even larger efforts to drain the wetlands continued between 1905 and 1910. Large areas were changed to farmland. This led to increased development, with more people moving to the Everglades and also more visitors. More changes came in 1948, when Congress approved the Central and South Florida Project. As part of the plan, the Army Corps of Engineers built roads, canals and water-control systems throughout South Florida The aim of the project was to provide water and flood protection for developed areas and agriculture. Workers built a huge system of waterways and pumping stations to control the overflow of Lake Okeechobee, north of the Everglades. Today, fifty percent of south Florida's early wetland areas no longer exist. Populations of wading birds have been reduced by ninety percent. Whole populations of animals are in danger of disappearing. The endangered creatures include the manatee, the Miami blackhead snake, the wood stork and the Florida panther. H) In recent years, environmental experts have learned about the damage to the Everglades. They say the natural balance of plants and animals has been destroyed. Recently, the Obama administration promised three hundred sixty million dollars to pay for Everglades restoration this year. The administration is also asking that Congress approve an additional two hundred seventy-eight million dollars for next year. The money will help to support projects approved by the government nine years ago. The projects include improving wetlands in the Picayune Strand in Southwest Florida and repairs to Lake Okeechobee's dam. Until now, the state of Florida has spent the most money on the project. I) Another threat biologists have been battling for years in the Everglades is the area's population of Burmese pythons (large snakes). Officials believe there are as many as one hundred fifty thousand of these large snakes in the Everglades. But the snakes are a foreign species, native to Southeast Asia Owners of pythons left their unwanted snakes in the Everglades years ago. Biologists say adult pythons are able to eat small deer and bobcats. When pythons are found in the Everglades, they are often killed. Scientists are now experimenting with other ways to remove the snakes, including trapping methods and offering payments to hunters. The future of the Everglades is not clear. However, efforts to protect the area are continuing so that people from all over the world may continue visiting this biological treasure.

BPart Ⅳ Translation/B

皮影(shadow play)是中国民间广为流传的道具戏之一。它是借助灯光把雕刻精巧的皮影人映照在屏幕上，由艺人们在幕后操动皮影人，伴以音乐和歌唱，演出一幕幕妙趣横生的皮影戏。皮影戏历史悠久，相传萌芽于汉，发展于唐，至宋已十分兴盛。陕西皮影分东、西路，不仅唱腔种类繁多，表演技术高超，而且皮影人的雕镂技艺达到了很高的水平。