听力题 In 1985 a French television company sent its reporters to the Paris Metro. They took cameras to see what passengers would do if they saw someone attacked on the platform or trains. The incidents looked real but they were all done with the help of actors, However, very few people tried to help, and most passengers pretended not to notice. In one incident, a foreigner was attacked by three men. The attack was on a train which was quite full, and although one man tried to get the other passengers to help, they all refused. This is not only a French problem. A British newspaper reported in 1991 that a professor of Social Psychology in New York had sent his students out to rob their own cars. The students didn''t try to hide what they were doing. About 800 people watched 250 car thefts, and only twelve people tried to stop the student robbers. In a typical incident, one man stopped, looked, and then put his hands over his eyes and shouted" I didn''t see that!" About forty people offered to help the thieves, and two people actually sat down next to the car and waited to buy a camera and television set a student was taking from the back seat of his own car. The professor wonders whether it''s a problem of big cities, or would the same thing happen anywhere. In 1985 a French television company sent its reporters to the Paris Metro. They took cameras to see what passengers would do if they saw someone attacked on the platform or trains. The incidents looked real but they were all done with the help of actors, However, very few people tried to help, and most passengers pretended not to notice. In one incident, a foreigner was attacked by three men. The attack was on a train which was quite full, and although one man tried to get the other passengers to help, they all refused. This is not only a French problem. A British newspaper reported in 1991 that a professor of Social Psychology in New York had sent his students out to rob their own cars. The students didn''t try to hide what they were doing. About 800 people watched 250 car thefts, and only twelve people tried to stop the student robbers. In a typical incident, one man stopped, looked, and then put his hands over his eyes and shouted" I didn''t see that!" About forty people offered to help the thieves, and two people actually sat down next to the car and waited to buy a camera and television set a student was taking from the back seat of his own car. The professor wonders whether it''s a problem of big cities, or would the same thing happen anywhere.

听力题 Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or on a given examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high marks. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take the initiative and to complete the assignment with minimal guidance. It is the student''s responsibility to find books, periodicals, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students not be overly dependent on them. In the United States, professors have other duties besides teaching. Often they are responsible for administrative work within their departments. In addition, they may be obliged to publish articles and books. Therefore, the time a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment. Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or on a given examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high marks. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take the initiative and to complete the assignment with minimal guidance. It is the student''s responsibility to find books, periodicals, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students not be overly dependent on them. In the United States, professors have other duties besides teaching. Often they are responsible for administrative work within their departments. In addition, they may be obliged to publish articles and books. Therefore, the time a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

听力题An advertisement says "Learn English in six weeks

听力题W: Hey, Charlie, I''ve been thinking. M: Oh, yeah

听力题 The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea. He was Prince Henry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese King and an English princess. Prince Henry lived in the 15th century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing them. In 1416, Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him—Jewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and improve it. Henry''s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug the shore. The caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea. He also developed the carrack, which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo. To Prince Henry the world owes credit for the development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator". The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea. He was Prince Henry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese King and an English princess. Prince Henry lived in the 15th century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing them. In 1416, Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him—Jewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and improve it. Henry''s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug the shore. The caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea. He also developed the carrack, which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo. To Prince Henry the world owes credit for the development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator".

听力题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

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听力题M: What do you mean by a friend, Jean? W: Oh

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听力题 Near Rackman and others of the Horse way research group have done some research into the differences between average and good negotiators. They found negotiators with the good trade record and studied them in action. They compared them with another group of average negotiators and found there was no difference in the time the two groups spent on planning their strategy. However, there were some significant differences on other points. The average negotiators thought in terms of the present, but the good negotiators took a long-term view. They made lots of suggestions and considered twice the number of alternatives. The average negotiators set their objectives as single points. "We hope to get two dollars", for example. The good negotiators set their objectives in terms of a range, which they might formulate as "we hope to get two dollars, but if we get one dollar fifty, it will be all right." The average negotiators tried to persuade by giving lots of reasons. They used a lot of different arguments. The good negotiators didn''t give many reasons. They just repeated the same ones. They also did more summarizing and reviewing, checking they were understood correctly. Near Rackman and others of the Horse way research group have done some research into the differences between average and good negotiators. They found negotiators with the good trade record and studied them in action. They compared them with another group of average negotiators and found there was no difference in the time the two groups spent on planning their strategy. However, there were some significant differences on other points. The average negotiators thought in terms of the present, but the good negotiators took a long-term view. They made lots of suggestions and considered twice the number of alternatives. The average negotiators set their objectives as single points. "We hope to get two dollars", for example. The good negotiators set their objectives in terms of a range, which they might formulate as "we hope to get two dollars, but if we get one dollar fifty, it will be all right." The average negotiators tried to persuade by giving lots of reasons. They used a lot of different arguments. The good negotiators didn''t give many reasons. They just repeated the same ones. They also did more summarizing and reviewing, checking they were understood correctly.

听力题M: Hi, Susan. Where have you been? W: Hi, David

听力题M: Hi, Mary

听力题During the early American colonial years

听力题W: Excuse me

听力题 The manager of a large office building had received many complaints about the lift service in the building. He engaged a group of engineers to study the situation and make recommendations for improvement. The engineers suggested two alternative solutions: 1) adding more lifts of the same type; 2) replacing the existing lifts by faster ones. The manager decided that both alternative solutions were too expensive. So the firm''s psychologist offered to study the problem. He noticed that many people arrived at their offices feeling angry and impatient. The reason they gave was the length of time they had to wait for the lift. However, the psychologist was impressed by the fact that they had only had to wait a relatively short time. It occurred to him that the main reason for their annoyance was the fact that they had to stand by the lifts inactive. He suggested a simple, inexpensive solution to the manager. That is, to place a large mirror next to the lifts. The manager of a large office building had received many complaints about the lift service in the building. He engaged a group of engineers to study the situation and make recommendations for improvement. The engineers suggested two alternative solutions: 1) adding more lifts of the same type; 2) replacing the existing lifts by faster ones. The manager decided that both alternative solutions were too expensive. So the firm''s psychologist offered to study the problem. He noticed that many people arrived at their offices feeling angry and impatient. The reason they gave was the length of time they had to wait for the lift. However, the psychologist was impressed by the fact that they had only had to wait a relatively short time. It occurred to him that the main reason for their annoyance was the fact that they had to stand by the lifts inactive. He suggested a simple, inexpensive solution to the manager. That is, to place a large mirror next to the lifts.

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听力题Weight loss is a tricky topic

听力题 A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn''t easy; marriage has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes, the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and threw the family into disorder. But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party. Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one''s fantasies, some of one''s legitimate desires, have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. "While all marital partners feel shacked at times, it is they who really choose to make the martial ties into confining chains or supporting bonds, says Dr. Walter. Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow them to stop growing or changing. A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn''t easy; marriage has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes, the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and threw the family into disorder. But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party. Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one''s fantasies, some of one''s legitimate desires, have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. "While all marital partners feel shacked at times, it is they who really choose to make the martial ties into confining chains or supporting bonds, says Dr. Walter. Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow them to stop growing or changing.

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