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听力题M: Hi, Mary

听力题 The ordinary raindrop is a mighty earthmover with sufficient strength to cut rock. When rainwater collects on the surface of the ground, some of it evaporates and some of it sinks into the earth. The remainder begins to flow downhill, commencing its lengthy journey from brook to stream to lake, or to a river that will carry it to the sea. As water flows along the ground, it picks up sand, pebbles, even boulders. It uses them to gnaw at the sides and bottoms of its channel, gradually loosening more earth. By this process enormous amounts of mud and rock are moved from the land to the sea. Each year the Mississippi River carries 730 million tons of solid matter into the Gulf of Mexico. This constant hauling of land into the sea is lowering the United States'' average height above sea level at a rate of about one foot every 9,000 years. If erosion continues at the same rate, the United States will be worn completely down to sea level in about 23 million years. The ordinary raindrop is a mighty earthmover with sufficient strength to cut rock. When rainwater collects on the surface of the ground, some of it evaporates and some of it sinks into the earth. The remainder begins to flow downhill, commencing its lengthy journey from brook to stream to lake, or to a river that will carry it to the sea. As water flows along the ground, it picks up sand, pebbles, even boulders. It uses them to gnaw at the sides and bottoms of its channel, gradually loosening more earth. By this process enormous amounts of mud and rock are moved from the land to the sea. Each year the Mississippi River carries 730 million tons of solid matter into the Gulf of Mexico. This constant hauling of land into the sea is lowering the United States'' average height above sea level at a rate of about one foot every 9,000 years. If erosion continues at the same rate, the United States will be worn completely down to sea level in about 23 million years.

听力题In addition to exercising regularly, eating a good breakfast is considered by many health experts to be a (36)______part of a successful way of reduction plan. After a night of (37)______the body needs to be replenished with nutrient in order to maintain a high level of energy (38)______. Several nutritionists suggest that dieters should (39)______to one-third of their daily calories at breakfast time. These calories should be in the form of balanced meal of (40)______food. A balanced meal consists of five key elements: Proteins, Carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and (41)______, people who'' re dieting need a variety of foods to assure a (42)______ supply of nutrients their bodies need. If a well-balanced diet is not followed, the (43)______may become sleepy, nervous, or (44)____________. If a poor diet is (45)____________for a long period of time, the dieters may become vitamin deficient. Vitamin deficiency can cause serious health problems. For these reasons, many doctors (46)____________that everyone, especially those on diet, starts the day with up to one-third of the daily requirement of nutrients in the form of a well-balanced breakfast.

听力题Most people feel lonely sometimes

听力题 The first copyright law in the United States was passed by Congress in 1790. In 1976 Congress enacted the latest copyright law, 126 2 the technological developments that had occurred since the passage of the Copyright Act of 1909. For example, in 1909, anyone who wanted to make a single copy of a 327 4work for personal use had to do so by hand. The very process 528 6a limitation on the quantity of materials copied. Today, a photocopier can do the work in seconds; the limitation has disappeared. The 1909 law did not provide full protection for films and sound recordings, nor did it 729 8the need to protect radio and television. As a result, 930 10of the law and abuses of the intent of the law have lessened the 1131 12rewards of authors, artists, and producers. The 1976 Copyright Act has not prevented these abuses fully, but it has clarified the legal rights of the injured parties and given them an 1332 14for remedy. Since 1976 the Act has been 1533 16to include computer software, and guidelines have been adopted for fair use of television broadcasts. These changes have cleared up much of the confusion and conflict that followed 1734 18he 1976 legislation. The fine points of the law are decided by the courts and by acceptable common practice over time. As these decisions and agreements are made, we modify our behavior accordingly. For now, we need to 1935 20the law and its guidelines as accurately as we can and to act in a fair manner. The first copyright law in the United States was passed by Congress in 1790. In 1976 Congress enacted the latest copyright law, 2126 22 the technological developments that had occurred since the passage of the Copyright Act of 1909. For example, in 1909, anyone who wanted to make a single copy of a 2327 24work for personal use had to do so by hand. The very process 2528 26a limitation on the quantity of materials copied. Today, a photocopier can do the work in seconds; the limitation has disappeared. The 1909 law did not provide full protection for films and sound recordings, nor did it 2729 28the need to protect radio and television. As a result, 2930 30of the law and abuses of the intent of the law have lessened the 3131 32rewards of authors, artists, and producers. The 1976 Copyright Act has not prevented these abuses fully, but it has clarified the legal rights of the injured parties and given them an 3332 34for remedy. Since 1976 the Act has been 3533 36to include computer software, and guidelines have been adopted for fair use of television broadcasts. These changes have cleared up much of the confusion and conflict that followed 3734 38he 1976 legislation. The fine points of the law are decided by the courts and by acceptable common practice over time. As these decisions and agreements are made, we modify our behavior accordingly. For now, we need to 3935 40the law and its guidelines as accurately as we can and to act in a fair manner.

听力题Lyndon B

听力题Whales—or their ancestors—were once land animals

听力题M: Do you mind if I ask you how old you are

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听力题Many large cities are anything but beautiful

听力题Cashier: Can I take your order? John: Yes, please

听力题Doctor: Please come in

听力题 Today I''d like to mention an interesting television program that will be shown on Oct. 10. It''s about the brain. It''s a new public television show produced in New York City. The program will investigate how the brain functions and malfunctions. Some interesting topics that will be discussed are dreaming, memory and depression. These topics will be illustrated by using computer animations of the brain to make explanations easy to follow. The show is not for children. But don''t worry; it''s not intended for scientists either. I think the program will be very helpful with the work we are doing in class on the brain. I hope you''ll watch it. Remember it''s on Oct. 10. Today I''d like to mention an interesting television program that will be shown on Oct. 10. It''s about the brain. It''s a new public television show produced in New York City. The program will investigate how the brain functions and malfunctions. Some interesting topics that will be discussed are dreaming, memory and depression. These topics will be illustrated by using computer animations of the brain to make explanations easy to follow. The show is not for children. But don''t worry; it''s not intended for scientists either. I think the program will be very helpful with the work we are doing in class on the brain. I hope you''ll watch it. Remember it''s on Oct. 10.

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听力题American society is not nap-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep (36)__________at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, "There''s even a (37)__________against admitting we need sleep." Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and (38)__________eleven." The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our (39)__________toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the (40)__________of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement (41)__________an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was (42)__________about the dangers of sleepiness: People causing (43)__________accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, the President is trying to take a half-hour nap every afternoon. (44)______________________________. We seem to have "a mid-afternoon quiet phase", also called "a secondary sleep gate". (45) ____________________________. Clearly, we were born to nap. We "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. (46)____________________________.

听力题W: Hello, University of Sidney. May I help you

听力题 There are some serious problems in the Biramichi River. The local Chamber of Commerce, which represents the industries in the area, hired me as a consultant to do a one-year study on fishing in the Biramichi River and write a report for them. This is my report. One of the major problems in the Biramichi River is that the level of oxygen in the water is too low. Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources: the factories which dump polluted water directly into the river and the local community which dumps untreated human wastes into the river. The local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste water treatment project, but it would cost another 27 million to complete the projects. It would take at least 15 years for the town to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects. The factories here employ 17 thousand people in an area where there is very little alternative employment. It is not economically practical to close or relocate the factories. Also the factories cannot afford to finance chemical treatment plans by themselves. Another problem is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are over-fishing. Fishes are caught when they are on their way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently, not enough fish are left to reproduce in large numbers. The members of the cooperative say that they have already reduced their annual catch by 50%. However, my studies indicate that they took fewer fish because there were fewer fish to catch, not because they were trying to preserve fishes. There are some serious problems in the Biramichi River. The local Chamber of Commerce, which represents the industries in the area, hired me as a consultant to do a one-year study on fishing in the Biramichi River and write a report for them. This is my report. One of the major problems in the Biramichi River is that the level of oxygen in the water is too low. Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources: the factories which dump polluted water directly into the river and the local community which dumps untreated human wastes into the river. The local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste water treatment project, but it would cost another 27 million to complete the projects. It would take at least 15 years for the town to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects. The factories here employ 17 thousand people in an area where there is very little alternative employment. It is not economically practical to close or relocate the factories. Also the factories cannot afford to finance chemical treatment plans by themselves. Another problem is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are over-fishing. Fishes are caught when they are on their way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently, not enough fish are left to reproduce in large numbers. The members of the cooperative say that they have already reduced their annual catch by 50%. However, my studies indicate that they took fewer fish because there were fewer fish to catch, not because they were trying to preserve fishes.

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听力题M: I just finished reading a book of short story by Hemlen Garlen called May Traveled Road. I really enjoy it. Have you read it? W: Yes, it was a required reading in the American literature course I took last year, even though it''s a fiction, you get a realistic picture of the hard life people had on American frontier. I don''t think I would survive 19 century frontier life. M: Me neither. Remember that story among the car roads. Garlen gives a vivid description of Julie Peterson, that young immigrant girl. She had to work on her family farm. W: Ah ha. M: Well when Julie feels exhausted, and she is wishing she can escape from her hard labor, she looks over her father working in the next field. And she is inspired to continue her own work. W: I do remember that story. Garlen really captures the spirit of hard work that was so typical of immigrants and pioneers who settled the American Midwest. It''s difficult to image that nothing seems to discourage them for long. M: I wonder how Garlen learn so much about the Midwest. Was he from Boston? W: He lived in Boston. In fact, he studied and taught in Boston School of Oritory, but I think he was born in Lawcarbinlen, Wisconsin. He did grow up in Midwest. M: No wonder his description is so good, I''m going to take this book back to the library now and see what other Garlen''s works I can find. M: I just finished reading a book of short story by Hemlen Garlen called May Traveled Road. I really enjoy it. Have you read it? W: Yes, it was a required reading in the American literature course I took last year, even though it''s a fiction, you get a realistic picture of the hard life people had on American frontier. I don''t think I would survive 19 century frontier life. M: Me neither. Remember that story among the car roads. Garlen gives a vivid description of Julie Peterson, that young immigrant girl. She had to work on her family farm. W: Ah ha. M: Well when Julie feels exhausted, and she is wishing she can escape from her hard labor, she looks over her father working in the next field. And she is inspired to continue her own work. W: I do remember that story. Garlen really captures the spirit of hard work that was so typical of immigrants and pioneers who settled the American Midwest. It''s difficult to image that nothing seems to discourage them for long. M: I wonder how Garlen learn so much about the Midwest. Was he from Boston? W: He lived in Boston. In fact, he studied and taught in Boston School of Oritory, but I think he was born in Lawcarbinlen, Wisconsin. He did grow up in Midwest. M: No wonder his description is so good, I''m going to take this book back to the library now and see what other Garlen''s works I can find.