听力题M: I just finished reading a book of short story by Hemlen Garlen called May Traveled Road. I really enjoy it. Have you read it? W: Yes, it was a required reading in the American literature course I took last year, even though it''s a fiction, you get a realistic picture of the hard life people had on American frontier. I don''t think I would survive 19 century frontier life. M: Me neither. Remember that story among the car roads. Garlen gives a vivid description of Julie Peterson, that young immigrant girl. She had to work on her family farm. W: Ah ha. M: Well when Julie feels exhausted, and she is wishing she can escape from her hard labor, she looks over her father working in the next field. And she is inspired to continue her own work. W: I do remember that story. Garlen really captures the spirit of hard work that was so typical of immigrants and pioneers who settled the American Midwest. It''s difficult to image that nothing seems to discourage them for long. M: I wonder how Garlen learn so much about the Midwest. Was he from Boston? W: He lived in Boston. In fact, he studied and taught in Boston School of Oritory, but I think he was born in Lawcarbinlen, Wisconsin. He did grow up in Midwest. M: No wonder his description is so good, I''m going to take this book back to the library now and see what other Garlen''s works I can find. M: I just finished reading a book of short story by Hemlen Garlen called May Traveled Road. I really enjoy it. Have you read it? W: Yes, it was a required reading in the American literature course I took last year, even though it''s a fiction, you get a realistic picture of the hard life people had on American frontier. I don''t think I would survive 19 century frontier life. M: Me neither. Remember that story among the car roads. Garlen gives a vivid description of Julie Peterson, that young immigrant girl. She had to work on her family farm. W: Ah ha. M: Well when Julie feels exhausted, and she is wishing she can escape from her hard labor, she looks over her father working in the next field. And she is inspired to continue her own work. W: I do remember that story. Garlen really captures the spirit of hard work that was so typical of immigrants and pioneers who settled the American Midwest. It''s difficult to image that nothing seems to discourage them for long. M: I wonder how Garlen learn so much about the Midwest. Was he from Boston? W: He lived in Boston. In fact, he studied and taught in Boston School of Oritory, but I think he was born in Lawcarbinlen, Wisconsin. He did grow up in Midwest. M: No wonder his description is so good, I''m going to take this book back to the library now and see what other Garlen''s works I can find.

听力题 How many teeth have you had filled in the past two years? If you follow the advice of Dr. Faustick, you may be able to reduce the number of your visits to a dentist. Dr. Faustick conducted a two-year survey to find out how to prevent or reduce dental decay. 946 students took part in the experiment. 523 students cleaned their teeth within ten minutes of eating. When possible, they used a toothbrush; when this was impossible, they washed their mouth thoroughly with water. The remaining 423 students merely cleaned their teeth when they went to bed and when they got up in the morning. All the students had their teeth X-rayed at the end of the first and second years. At the end of the first year, the night and morning group had three times as many decayed teeth as the clean-after-each-meal group. At the end of the second year, the latter group had 53 percent fewer decayed teeth than the former group. Dr. Faustiek has cleaned his teeth after every meal for thirteen years and has not had a single decayed tooth. He pointed out that sugar is a major agent in dental decay, particularly the sugar in sweets, cakes, and soft drinks. Ideally you should keep a toothbrush in your pocket and use it immediately after you have finished eating. When this is impractical, you can at least make sure that you have a drink of water and let the water through your teeth to force out any particles of food. 7 out of 10 people lose at least half their teeth by the time they are fifty. Many have a complete set of false teeth by that time. In any case, neither toothache nor a visit to a dentist is very pleasant. So it is worthwhile making an effort to keep your own teeth as long as possible. The main preventative agent is simply water. How many teeth have you had filled in the past two years? If you follow the advice of Dr. Faustick, you may be able to reduce the number of your visits to a dentist. Dr. Faustick conducted a two-year survey to find out how to prevent or reduce dental decay. 946 students took part in the experiment. 523 students cleaned their teeth within ten minutes of eating. When possible, they used a toothbrush; when this was impossible, they washed their mouth thoroughly with water. The remaining 423 students merely cleaned their teeth when they went to bed and when they got up in the morning. All the students had their teeth X-rayed at the end of the first and second years. At the end of the first year, the night and morning group had three times as many decayed teeth as the clean-after-each-meal group. At the end of the second year, the latter group had 53 percent fewer decayed teeth than the former group. Dr. Faustiek has cleaned his teeth after every meal for thirteen years and has not had a single decayed tooth. He pointed out that sugar is a major agent in dental decay, particularly the sugar in sweets, cakes, and soft drinks. Ideally you should keep a toothbrush in your pocket and use it immediately after you have finished eating. When this is impractical, you can at least make sure that you have a drink of water and let the water through your teeth to force out any particles of food. 7 out of 10 people lose at least half their teeth by the time they are fifty. Many have a complete set of false teeth by that time. In any case, neither toothache nor a visit to a dentist is very pleasant. So it is worthwhile making an effort to keep your own teeth as long as possible. The main preventative agent is simply water.

听力题 I am glad that all the members of our zoology class could come down to the zoo today to continue our animal adaptation. As you know, some animals are able to move between domestic and wild environments with relatively little difficulty. The first example of this that we will see here at the zoo is the wild burro. As you are probably aware, burros are relatives of the horse. Wild burros in the United States are descendants of the pack animals brought here three centuries ago by Spanish explorers, and these pack burros were in turn the descendants of wild African asses. About 100 years ago, gold prospectors came to the mountains and deserts of the western United States. Most of the prospectors were accompanied by steadfast companions—burros. These animals were used along with the mule train that served the many mining operations. But when gold and silver mining died out, many of the prospectors turned their burros loose, they joined wild burros that were already roaming the hills and canyons who were the descendants of those brought by the Spanish. The prospectors knew that their burros were hardy animals, completely able to take care of themselves in the wild. The fact that there are over 11 thousand wild burros living in the western states today testifies to their great adaptive ability. I am glad that all the members of our zoology class could come down to the zoo today to continue our animal adaptation. As you know, some animals are able to move between domestic and wild environments with relatively little difficulty. The first example of this that we will see here at the zoo is the wild burro. As you are probably aware, burros are relatives of the horse. Wild burros in the United States are descendants of the pack animals brought here three centuries ago by Spanish explorers, and these pack burros were in turn the descendants of wild African asses. About 100 years ago, gold prospectors came to the mountains and deserts of the western United States. Most of the prospectors were accompanied by steadfast companions—burros. These animals were used along with the mule train that served the many mining operations. But when gold and silver mining died out, many of the prospectors turned their burros loose, they joined wild burros that were already roaming the hills and canyons who were the descendants of those brought by the Spanish. The prospectors knew that their burros were hardy animals, completely able to take care of themselves in the wild. The fact that there are over 11 thousand wild burros living in the western states today testifies to their great adaptive ability.

听力题M: Let’s go swimming over at the student center

听力题You have probably heard of the DuPont company

听力题A few months ago

听力题 Scientists say sharks have lived in the world''s oceans for millions of years. Scientists say there are more than three hundred and fifty different kinds of sharks. Sharks do not have bones, and a shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. Sharks also sense electrical and magnetic power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. Some sharks will eat just about anything. Many unusual things have been found in the stomachs of some tiger sharks. They include shoes, dogs, a cow''s foot and metal protective clothing. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to young. Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies like humans do. Scientists are beginning to understand the importance of sharks to humans. Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark''s body defense system against disease. They know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. Sharks appear never to suffer infections, cancer or heart diseases. Scientists say sharks have lived in the world''s oceans for millions of years. Scientists say there are more than three hundred and fifty different kinds of sharks. Sharks do not have bones, and a shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. Sharks also sense electrical and magnetic power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. Some sharks will eat just about anything. Many unusual things have been found in the stomachs of some tiger sharks. They include shoes, dogs, a cow''s foot and metal protective clothing. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to young. Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies like humans do. Scientists are beginning to understand the importance of sharks to humans. Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark''s body defense system against disease. They know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. Sharks appear never to suffer infections, cancer or heart diseases.

听力题Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

听力题 The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada. Summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, average temperatures are usually above freezing. The central plain from the Rocky Mountains to Great Lakes is characterized by cold winters, short but hot summers, and light snow and rain. The large water—surfaces of Central and Eastern Canada produce considerable modification in the climate. Southern Ontario and Quebec experience cold, damp winters and hot, humid summers. Most of Atlantic Canada has a humid climate owing to its maritime character. Nevertheless, it experiences weather systems arriving from the dry continental interior as well as from the sea. The combined influence of these systems creates some of the most variable day-to-day weather conditions to be encountered anywhere in Canada. The north-central part of Canada is usually snow-covered for more than half of the year, with a frost-free period of barely two months. Rain is relatively light. Further north, on the islands along the Arctic coast and round Hudson Bay, the land is always frozen. Average temperatures stay above freezing for only a few weeks of the year. The Arctic Islands and the northern border of the mainland do not have a summer season of the kind known in Southern Canada. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada. Summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, average temperatures are usually above freezing. The central plain from the Rocky Mountains to Great Lakes is characterized by cold winters, short but hot summers, and light snow and rain. The large water—surfaces of Central and Eastern Canada produce considerable modification in the climate. Southern Ontario and Quebec experience cold, damp winters and hot, humid summers. Most of Atlantic Canada has a humid climate owing to its maritime character. Nevertheless, it experiences weather systems arriving from the dry continental interior as well as from the sea. The combined influence of these systems creates some of the most variable day-to-day weather conditions to be encountered anywhere in Canada. The north-central part of Canada is usually snow-covered for more than half of the year, with a frost-free period of barely two months. Rain is relatively light. Further north, on the islands along the Arctic coast and round Hudson Bay, the land is always frozen. Average temperatures stay above freezing for only a few weeks of the year. The Arctic Islands and the northern border of the mainland do not have a summer season of the kind known in Southern Canada.

听力题According to David Grattle

听力题W: What a day! I’m exhausted

听力题 A community theatre is an important part of almost every city or town in the United States. There are over 2,000 community theatres in the United States today. About 4.5 million people work or perform in these theatres for an audience of more than SO million people annually. These theatres are amateur organizations and are different from professional theatre companies. A community theatre may have its own building or perform in a school or church hall. The actors and actresses do not receive money for their work in the community theatre. They have other jobs to support themselves instead. Small communities cannot support a full time theatre. They cannot pay actors, directors or stage workers, so the theatre participants work for free. One purpose of community theatre is to provide an opportunity for creative work. Many people join community theatres because they want to perform or to be creative. Several people in a community theatre group were asked why they joined. Each one said he or she needed to be creative, to be something original. One man said, "I love to act. It''s almost the only time I feel alive". Another said, "I have a very boring job. In this place, I can create something." One woman said, "My whole life is occupied by husband and family. I need something more than that." Another purpose of community theatre is to educate and improve the community. Theatre is an art, but it also introduces new ideas to the audience. A community theatre is an important part of almost every city or town in the United States. There are over 2,000 community theatres in the United States today. About 4.5 million people work or perform in these theatres for an audience of more than SO million people annually. These theatres are amateur organizations and are different from professional theatre companies. A community theatre may have its own building or perform in a school or church hall. The actors and actresses do not receive money for their work in the community theatre. They have other jobs to support themselves instead. Small communities cannot support a full time theatre. They cannot pay actors, directors or stage workers, so the theatre participants work for free. One purpose of community theatre is to provide an opportunity for creative work. Many people join community theatres because they want to perform or to be creative. Several people in a community theatre group were asked why they joined. Each one said he or she needed to be creative, to be something original. One man said, "I love to act. It''s almost the only time I feel alive". Another said, "I have a very boring job. In this place, I can create something." One woman said, "My whole life is occupied by husband and family. I need something more than that." Another purpose of community theatre is to educate and improve the community. Theatre is an art, but it also introduces new ideas to the audience.

听力题 The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea. He was Prince Henry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese King and an English princess. Prince Henry lived in the 15th century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing them. In 1416, Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him—Jewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and improve it. Henry''s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug the shore. The caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea. He also developed the carrack, which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo. To Prince Henry the world owes credit for the development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator". The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea. He was Prince Henry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese King and an English princess. Prince Henry lived in the 15th century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing them. In 1416, Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him—Jewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and improve it. Henry''s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug the shore. The caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea. He also developed the carrack, which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo. To Prince Henry the world owes credit for the development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator".

听力题W: Hi! Welcome to Rental Property Management

听力题Years ago before there were refrigerators

听力题 Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been few players who were truly great. How did these players get that way — was it through training and practice, or are great players“born, not made”? First, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past — players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate. In the history of soccer, only six countries have ever won the World Cup — three from South America and three from Western Europe. There has. never been a great national team — or a really great player — from North America or from Asia. Second, these players have all had years of practice in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four. Finally, many great players come from the same kind of neighbourhood — a poor, crowded area where a boy’s dream is not to be a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer. Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been few players who were truly great. How did these players get that way — was it through training and practice, or are great players“born, not made”? First, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past — players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate. In the history of soccer, only six countries have ever won the World Cup — three from South America and three from Western Europe. There has. never been a great national team — or a really great player — from North America or from Asia. Second, these players have all had years of practice in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four. Finally, many great players come from the same kind of neighbourhood — a poor, crowded area where a boy’s dream is not to be a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer.

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听力题Many people dislike walking into the bank

听力题In some large American city schools

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