听力题 An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly. How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family. To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, and school supplies. “If you make the child responsible for these bills, ” says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, “he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures. ” Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers’can feel left out. It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they made a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch. One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store; then she called home for a ride. “Mom made me walk home, ” recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. “At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. ” Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child’s daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her initiative. An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly. How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family. To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, and school supplies. “If you make the child responsible for these bills, ” says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, “he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures. ” Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers’can feel left out. It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they made a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch. One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store; then she called home for a ride. “Mom made me walk home, ” recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. “At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. ” Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child’s daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her initiative.

听力题Can we generate the new cultural attitudes required by our technological virtuosity? History is not very reassuring here. It has taken centuries to learn how to live (36)_________in the family, the tribe, the city, the state, and the nation. Each new (37)_________of human sensitivity and loyalty has taken generations to become firmly (38)_________in the human mind. And now we are forced into a quantum leap from the mutual suspicion and (39)_________that have marked the past relations between peoples into a world in which mutual respect and comprehension are necessary. Even events of recent decades provide little basis for (40)_________. Increasing physical proximity has brought no millennium in human relations. If anything, it has appeared to intensify the divisions among people rather than to create a broader (41)_________. Every new reduction in physical distance has made us more painfully aware of the psychic distance that divides people and has increased alarm over real or imagined differences. If today people occasionally choke on what seem to be (42)_________ differences between rich and poor, male and female, specialist and non-specialist within cultures, what will happen tomorrow when people must assimilate and cope with still greater (43)_________ in life styles? (44)________________________________. Time and space have long cushioned intercultural encounters, confining them to touristic exchanges. But this insulation is rapidly wearing thin. (45)_________________________________. There we will be surrounded by foreigners for long periods of time, working with others in the closest possible relationships. (46)__________________________________________.

听力题For a century much attached to national symbols

听力题Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard

听力题America''s national symbol, the bald eagle

听力题 What kind of car will we be driving by the year 2010? It may be rather different from the type we know today. With the next decade, bringing greater change than the past 50 years, the people who will be designing the models of tomorrow believe that environmental problems may well accelerate the pace of the car''s development. The vision is that of a machine with 3 wheels instead of 4, electrically-powered, environmentally clean and able to drive itself along intelligent roads, equipped with built-in power supplies. Future cars will pick up the fuel during long journeys from a power source built into the road, or stored in small quantities for travelling in the city. Instead of today''s seating arrangement, two in front, two or three behind, all facing forward, the 2010 car will have an interior with adults and children in a family circle. This view of future car is based on a much more sophisticated road system. Cars will be automatically controlled by a computer. All the drivers will have to do is to say where to go and the computer will do the rest. It will become impossible for cars to crash into one another. The technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile. What kind of car will we be driving by the year 2010? It may be rather different from the type we know today. With the next decade, bringing greater change than the past 50 years, the people who will be designing the models of tomorrow believe that environmental problems may well accelerate the pace of the car''s development. The vision is that of a machine with 3 wheels instead of 4, electrically-powered, environmentally clean and able to drive itself along intelligent roads, equipped with built-in power supplies. Future cars will pick up the fuel during long journeys from a power source built into the road, or stored in small quantities for travelling in the city. Instead of today''s seating arrangement, two in front, two or three behind, all facing forward, the 2010 car will have an interior with adults and children in a family circle. This view of future car is based on a much more sophisticated road system. Cars will be automatically controlled by a computer. All the drivers will have to do is to say where to go and the computer will do the rest. It will become impossible for cars to crash into one another. The technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile.

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听力题In America, where labor costs are so high

听力题 Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the normal one and to praise or criticize others as they are similar to or different from it. And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the way of life of other countries is often a distorted one. Here is a great argument in favor of foreign travel and learning a foreign language. It is only by traveling in, or living in a country and getting to know its people and their language that one can find out what a country and its people are really like. And how different the knowledge one gains this way frequently turns out to be different from the second-hand information gathered from other sources! How often we find that foreigners whom we thought to be such different people from ourselves are not very different after all! Differences between peoples do of course exist and, one hopes, will always continue to do so. The world would be a dull place indeed when all different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs. With the ease of travel, there might seem to be some truth in this at least as far as Europe is concerned. However this may be, at least the greater ease of travel today, has revealed to more people than ever before that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of animal from ourselves. Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the normal one and to praise or criticize others as they are similar to or different from it. And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the way of life of other countries is often a distorted one. Here is a great argument in favor of foreign travel and learning a foreign language. It is only by traveling in, or living in a country and getting to know its people and their language that one can find out what a country and its people are really like. And how different the knowledge one gains this way frequently turns out to be different from the second-hand information gathered from other sources! How often we find that foreigners whom we thought to be such different people from ourselves are not very different after all! Differences between peoples do of course exist and, one hopes, will always continue to do so. The world would be a dull place indeed when all different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs. With the ease of travel, there might seem to be some truth in this at least as far as Europe is concerned. However this may be, at least the greater ease of travel today, has revealed to more people than ever before that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of animal from ourselves.

听力题 In the next few decades people are going to travel very differently from the way they do today. Everyone is going to drive electrically powered cars. So in a few years people won’t worry about running out of gas. Some of the large automobile companies are really moving ahead with this new technology. F & C Motors, a major auto company, for example, is holding a press conference next week. At the press conference the company will present its new, electronically operated models. Transportation in the future won’t be limited to the ground. Many people predict that traffic will quickly move to the sky. In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic iams in the sky. But the sky isn’t the limit. In the future, you’ll probably even be able to take a trip to the moon, Instead of listening to regular airplane announcements, you’ll hear someone say, “The spacecraft to the moon leaves in ten minutes. Please check your equipment. And remember, no more than ten ounces of carry-on baggage are allowed. ” In the next few decades people are going to travel very differently from the way they do today. Everyone is going to drive electrically powered cars. So in a few years people won’t worry about running out of gas. Some of the large automobile companies are really moving ahead with this new technology. F & C Motors, a major auto company, for example, is holding a press conference next week. At the press conference the company will present its new, electronically operated models. Transportation in the future won’t be limited to the ground. Many people predict that traffic will quickly move to the sky. In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic iams in the sky. But the sky isn’t the limit. In the future, you’ll probably even be able to take a trip to the moon, Instead of listening to regular airplane announcements, you’ll hear someone say, “The spacecraft to the moon leaves in ten minutes. Please check your equipment. And remember, no more than ten ounces of carry-on baggage are allowed. ”

听力题 American visitors to East Asia are often surprised and puzzled by how Asian cultures and customs differ from those in the United States. What''s considered typical or proper social conduct in one country may be regarded as odd, improper or even rude in the other. For example, people from some East Asian countries may begin a conversation with a stranger by asking personal questions about family, home or work. Such questions are thought to be friendly whereas they might be considered offensive in the United States. On the other hand, people in most Asian cultures are far more guarded about expressing their feelings publicly than most Americans are. Openly displaying annoyance as anger, yelling, arguing loudly and so forth is considered ill-mannered in countries such as Japan. Many East Asians prefer to hold their emotions in check and instead express themselves with great politeness. They try not to be blunt and avoid making direct criticisms. In fact, they often keep their differences of opinion to themselves and merely smile and remain silent rather than engage in a confrontation. By comparison, Americans are often frank about displaying both positive and negative emotions on the street and in other public places. Americans visiting Asia should keep in mind that such behavior may cause offense. A major difference between American culture and most East Asian cultures is that in East Asia the community is more important than the individual. Most Americans are considered a success when they make a name for themselves. American visitors to East Asia are often surprised and puzzled by how Asian cultures and customs differ from those in the United States. What''s considered typical or proper social conduct in one country may be regarded as odd, improper or even rude in the other. For example, people from some East Asian countries may begin a conversation with a stranger by asking personal questions about family, home or work. Such questions are thought to be friendly whereas they might be considered offensive in the United States. On the other hand, people in most Asian cultures are far more guarded about expressing their feelings publicly than most Americans are. Openly displaying annoyance as anger, yelling, arguing loudly and so forth is considered ill-mannered in countries such as Japan. Many East Asians prefer to hold their emotions in check and instead express themselves with great politeness. They try not to be blunt and avoid making direct criticisms. In fact, they often keep their differences of opinion to themselves and merely smile and remain silent rather than engage in a confrontation. By comparison, Americans are often frank about displaying both positive and negative emotions on the street and in other public places. Americans visiting Asia should keep in mind that such behavior may cause offense. A major difference between American culture and most East Asian cultures is that in East Asia the community is more important than the individual. Most Americans are considered a success when they make a name for themselves.

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听力题Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm

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听力题W: 45-21-64. Bonjour (French)

听力题 The worldwide organization of the Red Cross stems from the idea of Henri Dunant, a Swiss banker. In 1838, at the age of ten, Dunant was taken by his father to visit a prison. There he saw prisoners chained together exercising in the yard and breaking stones along the road. This experience left a deep impression on him and made him determined to do something for convicts and slaves and for all who were oppressed and deprived of their liberty. On 24th June 1859 while on his way from Geneva to France. Dunant witnessed the battle between the French and Austrian armies. It was one of the fiercest battles of the 19th century. Shocked by the lack of medical supplies and attention given to the wounded, Dunant decided that volunteer service had to be organized. He gathered together a number of women who attended the hundreds of wounded soldiers of all nationalities and ''helped the surgeons as best as they could. From that battle, Dunant determined to form a body of people who would rally together in times of war and attend to the needs of the wounded and dying. Dunant held that a suffering human being should be helped for his own sake only without regard to race, religion, or political beliefs. Many European states supported him and on 22nd August 1864, the first Geneva Convention was signed. This lays down that once a soldier is wounded, he and everyone who comes to his help cease to be an enemy. A symbol by which the relief workers could be recognized was devised. As a tribute to Switzerland, the symbol was the Swiss flag reversed. That is a red cross on a white ground. So the Red Cross was born. The worldwide organization of the Red Cross stems from the idea of Henri Dunant, a Swiss banker. In 1838, at the age of ten, Dunant was taken by his father to visit a prison. There he saw prisoners chained together exercising in the yard and breaking stones along the road. This experience left a deep impression on him and made him determined to do something for convicts and slaves and for all who were oppressed and deprived of their liberty. On 24th June 1859 while on his way from Geneva to France. Dunant witnessed the battle between the French and Austrian armies. It was one of the fiercest battles of the 19th century. Shocked by the lack of medical supplies and attention given to the wounded, Dunant decided that volunteer service had to be organized. He gathered together a number of women who attended the hundreds of wounded soldiers of all nationalities and ''helped the surgeons as best as they could. From that battle, Dunant determined to form a body of people who would rally together in times of war and attend to the needs of the wounded and dying. Dunant held that a suffering human being should be helped for his own sake only without regard to race, religion, or political beliefs. Many European states supported him and on 22nd August 1864, the first Geneva Convention was signed. This lays down that once a soldier is wounded, he and everyone who comes to his help cease to be an enemy. A symbol by which the relief workers could be recognized was devised. As a tribute to Switzerland, the symbol was the Swiss flag reversed. That is a red cross on a white ground. So the Red Cross was born.

听力题W: Hi, Mark. How''s it going? M: Well

听力题Amsterdam, the Netherland''s capital

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