单选题Just as a book often judged ________ by the quality and appearance of its cover, a person is judged immediately by his appearance.

单选题Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizens' patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character than issues. Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1.5 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and 10-second "sound bite (原声摘要)" in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet (摘录) of the speech on the news. In these abbreviated (缩减的)forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue. Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it required a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills. Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo events, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.

单选题A．Sightseeing.B．Lyingonthebeach.C．Takingphotographsofthebeaches.D．Deepwaterdiving.

单选题What does the example in Paragraph 3 suggest?

单选题I"d just as soon ______ rudely to her in the future.

单选题Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题How many people are suffering from labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire (可怕的) consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated (减轻) the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority is from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies. Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffers. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another part-time working because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failings in the labor market are adequately protected. As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.

单选题{{B}}Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.{{/B}}

单选题The experiments of ten scientists were ______ in the report.

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题What will probably happen to workers in developed countries in the happy ending?

单选题The author mentions that the maximum THR for older adult participants in sports should he less than ______ beats per minute.

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题A.BecauseAmericansusedthemveryofteninthel7thcentury.B.BecauseEnglandwantedtowinthenavalcompetitionagainsttheNetherlands.C.BecauseBritishpeopleusedthemforthingsthatwerenotgoodtohear.D.BecauseAmericanpeoplehatedtheDutchpeople.

单选题Some men steal out of need or greed; others kill themselves out of sadness. Putting together, these individual tales will display obvious regularities. As a result, some social scientists who first applied the rules of probability to human affairs even questioned the very notion of free will. "Society prepares the crime," wrote Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgian statistician, in 1835,"and the guilty person is only the instrument." The findings of those statisticians' successors -- that poor children are more likely to fail at school, poor adults to commit crimes and die young, and so on -- are nowadays uncontroversial. And policymakers mostly avoid metaphysics (形而上学). Instead, they try to break such links by spending to "end child poverty" and by targeting health and education initiatives on the neediest. Yet such attempts are doomed to disappoint, because they conceive of each social ill in isolation, rather than treating their shared root cause. Moreover, they misidentify that cause: it is not poverty as such, but inequality. The evidence, here painstakingly collected, is hard to dispute. Within the rich world, countries where incomes are more evenly distributed have longer-lived citizens and lower rates of fatness, misbehavior and teenage pregnancy than richer countries where wealth is more concentrated. Studies of British civil servants find that senior ones enjoy better health than their immediate subordinates, who in turn do better than those further down the ladder. And the evidence is that the differences in status cause these "gradients (梯度)". Low-status Indian children do worse on tests if they must state their identities beforehand. High-status monkeys grew up in captivity(囚禁) show increased levels of stress hormones and become iii more often when they are moved to groups where they no longer dominate. What to do about this sickness caused by other people's wealth? Increasing taxes on the rich, or smaller , differences in pay in the first place, say the authors, citing Sweden and Japan as instances of the two choices. A decade ago even left-wing politicians were "intensely relaxed about people getting rich". Now, as it becomes clearer that some of the rich got that way by theft, the idea that they have also caused injury more subtly will gain a readier hearing. Too ready, perhaps: what if the price of greater equality is lower growth? The .received wisdom is that rich rewards are necessary to stimulate the innovation on which growth depends. "No loss", say the authors," We have got close to the end of what economic growth can do for us." But that is a claim that needs to be supported, rather than simply made in a few sentences. If our ancestors had declared themselves thus satisfied, we would be without many things that we value -- and that they would have valued too, could they have imagined them. Should we be ready to give up joys we have never known?

单选题Before the building project is designed, ______ data have been collected for it.